The military and political events during the decline of the Ottoman Empire covers the era between 1828 to 1908. The period "Decline" was based on the loss/gain comparison of the Empire. Directly affecting the Empire at this time was Russian imperialism. The political rhetoric was dominated with the economic problems and national uprisings. The Empire tried to catch up to the western world by passing political and administrative reformations.
Map showing the growth and decay of the Ottoman Empire.
One of Mahmud II's most notable achievements was the abolition of the Janissary corps in 1826, the establishment of a modern Ottoman Army, and the preparation of the Tanzimat reforms in 1839, which marked the beginning of the modernization of Turkey, and had immediate effects, such as introducing European-style clothing, architecture, legislation, institutional organization and land reform.
Late in his reign, Mahmud became involved in disputes with his ambitious vassal Mehemet Ali, Wali (Governor) who he had asked for help in suppressing a rebellion in Greece, but had not paid the promised price for his services. In 1831, the Wali declared war, and managed to take control of Syria and Arabia by the war's end in 1833. In 1839, Mahmud resumed the war, hoping to recover his losses, but at the very time he died, the news was on its way to Constantinople that the Empire's army had been signally defeated at Nezib by an Egyptian army led by Mehemet Ali's son, Ibrahim Pasha.
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