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Hank Pym

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Hank Pym
Hank Pym as Yellowjacket
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceTales to Astonish #27 (Jan. 1962)
Created byStan Lee
Larry Lieber
Jack Kirby
In-story information
Alter egoHenry Jonathan "Hank" Pym
SpeciesHuman (empowered)
Team affiliationsAvengers
West Coast Avengers
Mighty Avengers
Secret Defenders
Defenders
PartnershipsThe Wasp
Notable aliasesAnt-Man, Giant-Man, Goliath, Yellowjacket, Doctor Pym, The Wasp, Scientist Supreme
AbilitiesExtraordinary Genius
Size-shifting
Bio-energy projection

Dr. Henry "Hank" Pym is a fictional character, a superhero that appears in publications by Marvel Comics. Created by editor and plotter Stan Lee, scripter Larry Lieber and penciler Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Tales to Astonish #27 (Jan. 1962).

Pym's character, which debuted in a standalone science-fiction anthology story, returned several issues later as the superhero Ant-Man, with the power to shrink to the size of an insect. Pym is eventually given a crime-fighting partner, Janet van Dyne, the Wasp, and goes on to assume other superhero identities, including the size-changing Giant-Man and Goliath; the insect-themed Yellowjacket; and, as of 2009, the Wasp.

Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character of Henry Pym has featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as animated films; arcade and video games; television series and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards.

Publication history

Henry Pym debuted in a seven-page solo cover story titled "The Man in the Ant Hill" (about a character who tests shrinking technology on himself) in the science fiction/fantasy anthology Tales to Astonish #27 (Jan. 1962). The creative team was editor-plotter Stan Lee, scripter Larry Lieber, penciler Jack Kirby, and inker Dick Ayers, with Lee stating in 2008: "I did one comic book called 'The Man in the Ant Hill' about a guy who shrunk down and there were ants or bees chasing him. That sold so well that I thought making him into a superhero might be fun".[1]

As a result, Pym was revived eight issues later as "Ant-Man", a costumed superhero who starred in the 13-page, three-chapter story "Return of the Ant-Man/An Army of Ants/The Ant-Man’s Revenge" in Tales to Astonish #35 (Sept. 1962). The character's adventures became an ongoing feature in the title, with issue #44 (June 1963) featured the debut of Pym's socialite girlfriend and laboratory assistant, Janet van Dyne. Van Dyne adopted the identity of superheroine the Wasp and co-starred in Pym's subsequent appearances in the Tales to Astonish title. The Wasp also on occasion acted as a framing-sequence host for backup stories in the title. In September 1963, Lee and Kirby created the superhero title Avengers, and Ant-Man and the Wasp were established in issue #1 as founding members of the team.

Pym began what would be a constant shifting of superhero identities in Tales to Astonish, becoming the 12-foot-tall Giant-Man in issue #49 (Nov. 1963). Retitled "Giant-Man", Pym and the Wasp continued to star in the feature until issue #69 (July 1965), while simultaneously appearing in The Avengers until issue #15 (April 1965), after which the couple temporarily left the team.

Pym rejoined the Avengers and adopted the new identity of Goliath in Avengers #28 (May 1966). Gradually falling to mental duress, he adopted a fourth superhero identity, Yellowjacket, in issue #59 (Dec. 1968). Pym reappeared as Ant-Man in Avengers #93 (Nov. 1971) and for issues #4 - 10 starred in the lead story of the first volume of Marvel Feature (July 1972 - July 1973). Temporarily abandoning a costumed persona, Pym joined the team the West Coast Avengers as a scientist and inventor in West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #21 (June 1987). The character returned to the Avengers as the superhero Giant-Man in The Avengers vol. 3, #1 (Feb. 1998). When the team disbanded after a series of tragedies, Pym, using the Yellowjacket persona again, took a leave of absence beginning with vol. 3, #85 (Sept. 2004).[2]

Following the death of the Wasp, whom he had married and divorced by this time, a grieving Pym took on yet another superhero identity as the new Wasp, in tribute to her, in the one-shot publication Secret Invasion: Requiem (Jan. 2009). Pym also co-founded a new team of Avengers in The Mighty Avengers #21 (Jan. 2009).

Fictional character biography

1960s

Biochemist Henry Pym, discovering an unusual set of subatomic particles he labels "Pym particles", creates a size-altering formula and tests it on himself. Reduced to the size of an insect, Pym has a dangerous encounter with ants in a nearby anthill.[3] Shortly afterward, he constructs a cybernetic helmet that allows him to communicate with and control ants. Pym designs a costume and reinvents himself as the superhero Ant-Man, and defeats several KGB agents attempting to steal the formula for an anti-radiation gas.[4]

File:TTA-35.jpg
Pym debuts as Ant-Man on the cover of Tales To Astonish #35 (Sept. 1962). Art by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers.

After several adventures, Pym is contacted by Dr. Vernon Van Dyne, who asks for aid in contacting alien life. Pym refuses, but is attracted to Vernon’s socialite daughter, Janet. Vernon Van Dyne is subsequently killed by an alien criminal, and Janet asks for Pym's help in avenging his death. Pym reveals his secret identity to Janet, and uses Pym particles to graft wasp wings beneath her shoulders, which appear when the character shrinks. Janet assumes the alias of the Wasp, and together they find and defeat her father's killer.[5] The pair feature in the first issue of the title Avengers, becoming founding members of the superhero team.[6] Pym eventually adopts his first alternate identity as the 12-foot-tall Giant-Man[7] and with the Wasp continues to star in the feature "Giant-Man", battling foes such as the Living Eraser;[8] the Human Top,[9] and the Porcupine[10] until issue #69[11] being replaced by Namor the Sub-Mariner the following issue. The pair also develop a romantic relationship during their final appearances in the title.[12]

Accidentally involved in a plan by the Asgardian god Loki to draw out his sibling Thor, Ant-Man and the Wasp join the superhero team the Avengers,[13] with Pym becoming Giant-Man after the first mission. It is revealed in flashback that Pym adopted the identity of Giant-Man out of feelings of inadequacy when compared to team mates Iron Man and Thor.[14] After a final encounter with the Masters of Evil, the pair decide to take a leave of absence.[15]

Pym eventually rejoins the Avengers, adopting the new identity of Goliath.[16] A mishap traps the character in giant form for several issues, and affects his self-esteem.[17] Pym also creates a robot called Ultron that accidentally achieves sentience and becomes one of the Avengers' greatest foes.[18] During a botched experiment Pym inhales chemicals that induce schizophrenia, and suffering from a personality crisis, reappears at Avengers Mansion as the cocky "Yellowjacket", claiming to have disposed of Pym. Only the Wasp realizes that it is Pym and takes advantage of his offer of marriage, with Pym eventually recovering from the chemicals during a battle with the Circus of Crime at the wedding.[19]

1970s

After several adventures with the Avengers, including another encounter with Ultron,[20] the pair take a leave of absence.[21] The heroes encounter Pym at the beginning of the Kree-Skrull War, discovering that the character has been reverted into a caveman by the alien Kree.[22] Pym is restored to normal, and returns briefly to repair the android Avenger the Vision.[23] For a time Pym retains his Ant-Man persona and has a series of solo adventures.[24]

File:TalesToAstonish56.jpg
Pym appears as Giant-Man for the first time on the cover of Tales to Astonish #56 (June 1964). Art by Jack Kirby and Chic Stone.

After aiding fellow superhero team the Defenders[25][26] as Yellowjacket, Pym returns to the Avengers.[27] Pym is eventually captured by an upgraded Ultron, who brainwashes his creator, causing the character to regress back to his original Ant-Man costume and personality. As Ant-Man Pym arrives at Avengers Mansion, thinking it to be the very first meeting of the team. Seeing several unfamiliar members, Pym attacks the team until stopped by the Wasp. The other Avengers find Ultron and force him to retreat by threatening to destroy his robotic creation, Jocasta.[28] After Ultron's brainwashing is reversed, Pym re-joins the Avengers as Yellowjacket, and together they destroy Ultron.[29] Pym is forced to briefly leave the team when the roster is restructured by government liaison Henry Peter Gyrich.[30]

1980s

Hank strikes his wife Janet. Art by Bob Hall.

Returning fourteen issues later,[31] Pym participates in several missions until after demonstrating hostile behaviour towards Janet attacks a foe from behind once the opponent had ceased fighting. Captain America suspends Yellowjacket from Avengers duty pending the verdict of a court-martial. Pym suffers a complete mental breakdown, and concocts a plan to salvage his credibility by building a robot (named Salvation-1) and programming it to launch an attack on the Avengers at his court-martial. Planning to exploit the robot’s weakness at the critical moment, Pym hopes to regain his good standing with the Avengers. The Wasp, however, discovers the plan and begs Pym to stop, at which point the character strikes her. Although the robot does attack the Avengers as planned, Pym is unable to stop it and it is the Wasp that uses the critical flaw in the design to defeat it. Pym is subsequently expelled from the Avengers,[32] and Janet divorces him.[33]

Left penniless in the wake of his disgrace, Pym is manipulated by old foe Egghead (believed to be deceased), who tricks the character into stealing the national reserve of the metal adamantium. Pym is confronted by the Avengers at the scene of the crime (whom he had covertly summoned) and after being defeated is blamed for the theft, as Egghead erases all evidence of his involvement. Blaming a supposedly dead villain is taken as further proof of Pym’s madness and he is incarcerated.[34] During Pym’s imprisonment, Janet has a brief relationship with Tony Stark, the alter ego of fellow Avenger Iron Man.[35] Still not satisfied with his victory over his foe, Egghead reforms the supervillain team the Masters of Evil and kidnaps Pym at his trial, creating the impression that Pym himself staged his own escape. Egghead intends to use Pym in another of his schemes, but is tricked when Pym uses Egghead’s own apparatus to defeat the entire roster of the Masters of Evil. In a final act of desperation, Egghead attempts to kill Pym, but is stopped and accidentally killed by the Avenger Hawkeye, whose brother had been murdered by Egghead years ago. With the real perpetrator exposed, Pym is cleared of all charges. After bidding farewell to Janet and his teammates, Pym leaves to devote his full time to research.[36]

Pym reappears in the West Coast Avengers, first in an advisory role[37] and then as a full-fledged member in a non-costumed capacity.[38] Pym begins a short relationship with team mate Tigra,[39] and after a verbal taunting by old foe Whirlwind contemplates suicide, but is stopped by the heroine Firebird.[40] Pym and Janet also eventually resume a romantic relationship.[41]

1990s

The character eventually returns to the Avengers, joining the East Coast team as Giant-Man.[42] The pair, together with many of the other Avengers, apparently sacrifice themselves to stop the villain Onslaught, but actually exist in a pocket universe for a year before returning to the mainstream Marvel universe.[43]

Pym returns and aids the team as Giant-Man[44] and makes a significant contribution by defeating criminal mastermind Imus Champion[45] and his flawed creation Ultron, simultaneously overcoming his old issues with his own brain patterns creating Ultron.[46]

2000s

File:A-59.jpg
Pym debuts as Yellowjacket (with an allegorical scene of Pym standing over himself in the second Goliath uniform) on the cover of Avengers #59 (Dec. 1968). Art by John Buscema and George Klein.

When Rick Jones becomes a key player in the Destiny War between Kang the Conqueror and Immortus, two different versions of Pym are drawn into the war; the Giant-Man of Rick's present and the Yellowjacket immediately prior to his marriage to Janet[47]. Although Yellowjacket briefly betrays his allies to the Time Keepers in an attempt to secure a timeline where he remains himself rather than reverting back to Pym,[48] he eventually releases the team when he learns the full extent of the Time Keepers' plans.[49] It is subsequently revealed that the two Pyms were selected because Yellowjacket's betrayal would be crucial to bringing the team into a position where they could directly attack the Time Keepers, while Giant-Man provided both support to the team as a whole and served as an irritant to Yellowjacket to provoke his own actions.[50]

During an encounter with the sorcerer Kulan Gath, Pym's personality is temporarily reverted to the early Yellowjacket phase, which he had long repressed out of fear of that part of himself hurting Jan again, and while the effect is reversed another Henry Pym, representing the parts of himself that he had suppressed, is accidentally created from the extradimensional bio-mass Pym uses to grow. Each Pym reflects an aspect of his personality: Giant-Man is the thoughtful, scientific aspect while Yellowjacket is the impulsive component. During the events of the Kang Dynasty storyline the two Pyms begin to deteriorate from being apart, but are restored when the Wasp helps the two halves realize that they need each other[51]. Pym is eventually able to resolve his past problems and adopts his Yellowjacket costume once again, concluding that, since it was as Yellowjacket he faced his worst problems, it will be as Yellowjacket that he attempts to see if he has overcome them [52].

After the events of the Avengers Disassembled storyline, Pym takes a leave of absence,[53] and in the one-shot title Avengers: Finale, the character and Janet leave for England to rekindle their relationship.[54] Pym and Janet's relationship fails and it is revealed in flashback during the Secret Invasion storyline that he is replaced by an alien Skrull.[55] The Skrull version of Pym, along with the Wasp and other heroes, is transported to a place called "Battle World" to combat each other. The culprit is revealed to be the cosmic entity the Stranger, posing as fellow entity the Beyonder, when Pym tricks the being into believing that he has won the war by seemingly disintegrating the other heroes when he has really only shrunk them.[56]

Pym as Yellowjacket is a central character in the Civil War storyline, joining those heroes that support the Superhuman Registration Act. Together with Mister Fantastic (of the Fantastic Four) and Tony Stark (Iron Man), the character creates a cybernetic clone of currently missing Thor to battle the anti-registration heroes, although the clone shows no morals and kills Bill Foster (who had taken up Pym's former identity as Goliath) in battle. Pym is also kidnapped by Young Avengers member Hulkling, who uses his shapeshifter powers to impersonate Pym and free several captive anti-registration heroes. At the conclusion of the Civil War, Pym — still a Skrull — is named "Man of the Year" by Time magazine for his role.[57]

The Skrull is eventually revealed to be called "Criti Noll", and becomes one of the chief administrators at Camp Hammond, a U.S. military base in Stamford, Connecticut for the training of registered superheroes in the government program Avengers: The Initiative.[58] The Skrull Pym officially ends the attempt at reconciliation with Janet, and becomes involved in a romantic relationship with Tigra. During the combat phase of the invasion, the Skrull Pym is exposed and defeated by the hero Crusader.[59] Following a final battle between Earth's heroes and the Skrulls, the real Pym is found with other "replaced" heroes in a Skrull vessel. After the Wasp is killed in the final battle,[60] Pym takes on a new superhero persona as the Wasp in tribute to his former wife.[61] Pym rejoins the Avengers[62] and is eventually convinced to lead the team.[63]

The cosmic entity Eternity reveals to Pym that he is Earth's "Scientist Supreme", the scientific counterpart to the Earth's current Sorcerer Supreme, as he is able to create science with effects similar to magic.[64] However, Loki later claims to have been posing as Eternity in order to trick Pym.[65]

2010s

When Norman Osborn is defeated, Pym creates Avengers Academy, a program to help train young people whose newly acquired powers were manipulated by Osborn. While telling the recruits they are being trained to become heroes, the truth is that their profiles indicate they are the most likely to become villains and Pym hopes to prevent that.[66] Pym will return to his Giant Man alias in Avengers Acadamy #7.[67]

Successors

There are a number of characters in the Marvel universe that have also used the "Pym particles" to effect size changing. These include the Wasp;[68] Clint Barton;[69] Bill Foster[70] Scott Lang;[71] Erik Josten;[72] Rita DeMara;[73] Cassie Lang[74] Eric O'Grady[75] and Tom Foster.[76]

Powers and abilities

Henry Pym is a scientific genius with a Ph.D in biochemistry, along with expertise in the fields of quantum physics; robotics/cybernetics; artificial intelligence, and entomology. The character discovered the subatomic "Pym particles" that enable mass to be shunted or gained from an alternate dimension, thereby changing the size of himself or other beings or objects; and is the creator of the robot Ultron.

After constant experimentation with size-changing via ingested capsules and particle-filled gas, Pym is eventually able to change size at will, and mentally generate Pym particles to change the sizes of other living beings or inanimate objects. Pym retains his normal strength when "ant" size, and possesses greatly increased strength and stamina when in "giant" form, courtesy of the increased mass. Pym’s costume is synthetic stretch fabric composed of unstable molecules and automatically adapts to his shifting sizes.

The character also uses a cybernetic helmet for achieving rudimentary communication with ants and other higher order insects. As Yellowjacket, Pym wears artificial wings and has bio-blasters called "stingers" built into his gloves. Pym also carries a variety of weaponry, provisions, and scientific instruments, which are shrunken to the size of microchips and stored in the pockets of his uniform.

Other versions

Ultimate Marvel

The Ultimate Marvel imprint title Ultimates features a version of Pym who is portrayed as a brilliant but mentally fragile scientist and addicted to the drug Prozac. Pym's gains his abilities after transfusing the blood of wife Janet, who is a mutant. His abusive behavior ends their marriage and the character is expelled from the Ultimates, briefly joining pseudo heroes the Defenders in his Ant-Man persona. The character eventually rejoins the Ultimates in his Yellowjacket identity. During the events of "Ultimatum" storyline, Pym sacrifices himself to save the lives of the remaining Ultimates.[77]

MC2

The MC2 imprint title A-Next, set in a futuristic alternate universe, stars Henry and Jan Pym's children, Hope and Henry Pym Jr., who have become the supervillains Red Queen and Big Man respectively.[78]

Marvel Zombies

Pym is featured in several of the Marvel Zombies limited series, set in the alternate universe of Earth-2149. Pym is initially "zombified" (transformed into a flesh-eating zombie) by his wife Janet van Dyne;[79]. In order to feed his hunger, he had been slowly eating the Black Panther, who he tucked away in his lab for safe keeping from the other zombies. He eventually eats most of Panther's left arm and leg. When Wasp discovered Giant-Man was holding out on her (and the others), Giant-Man bit her head off and spit it out (zombie meat tastes terrible to other zombies). Despite losing her body, Wasp was later discovered to still able to talk and bite. Henry would later lose his hunger and regain his sensibilities before being teleported to an alternate dimension;[80] and reappears for a final confrontation with human survivors of the plague, finally being killed.[81]

In other media

Television

Film

  • Henry Pym appears as Giant-Man in Ultimate Avengers (based on the Ultimates rendition of the character) voiced by Nolan North. Henry Pym was a bit bitter toward Nick Fury after Nick Fury chose Bruce Banner over him. He assists the Avengers in the fight against the Chitauri and Hulk.
  • Nolan North reprises his role of Giant Man in Ultimate Avengers 2. He assisted the Avengers in the fight against the Chitauri in Wakanda. He sacrifices his life to help Iron Man shut down their doomsday machine.
  • In the film Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow, Pym and Janet had a son named after him called Henry Pym, Jr.

Video games

  • Henry Pym appears in his civilian identity in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by Jerry Houser. He provided the heroes with technical support and advice between missions.
  • Henry Pym appears as Yellowjacket in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 voiced by Wally Wingert. He serves as a boss for the Anti-Registration side. During the threat of The Fold, he assists Iron Man, Mister Fantastic, and Goliath into finding a way to stop The Fold.

Toys

  • Pym also appears in his various guises in the HeroClix miniatures game and in the Vs. System card game.
  • In 1999, a toy line was produced for the Avengers: United They Stand cartoon series, with an action figure of Hank as Ant-Man released.
  • Toy Biz released a figure of Hank Pym in his Giant-Man costume in an Original Avengers box set that also included a miniature Ant-Man figure, and then released the same figure in Series 4 of their Marvel Legends toyline as a repaint of Pym in his Goliath outfit. The figure also came included with miniature Ant-Man and Wasp figures.
  • In 2006, an exclusive series of Marvel Legends figures was released to Wal-Mart stores in the United States. This series required the purchasing 10 of the figures in the assortment to complete the "Build-A-Figure" toy of Giant-Man.
  • In 2007, after Hasbro took over Marvel Legends, a Hank Pym in his Yellowjacket persona was released with the second series.[83] A mini Yellowjacket had previously been included with Wonder Man in the ToyBiz Legendary Riders series.[84]

References

  1. ^ William Keck (2008-06-22). "Here come Marvel's 'Avengers,' and Stan Lee, Joe Simon weigh in". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  2. ^ The issue was alternately numbered #500 (of the first volume) in an anniversary return to the original series numbering.
  3. ^ Tales to Astonish #27 (Jan. 1962)
  4. ^ Tales to Astonish #35 (Sept. 1962)
  5. ^ Tales To Astonish #44 (June 1963)
  6. ^ Avengers #1 (Sept. 1963)
  7. ^ Tales to Astonish #49 (Nov. 1963)
  8. ^ Tales to Astonish #49 (Nov. 1963)
  9. ^ Tales to Astonish #50 - 51 (Dec. 1963 - Jan. 1964)
  10. ^ Tales to Astonish #53 (March 1964)
  11. ^ Avengers (July 1965)
  12. ^ Tales To Astonish #63 (Jan. 1965)
  13. ^ Avengers #1 (Sep. 1963)
  14. ^ Avengers Forever #1-12 (Dec. 1998 - Feb. 2000)
  15. ^ Avengers #15 ()
  16. ^ Avengers #28 (May 1966)
  17. ^ Avengers #28 - 35 (May-Dec. 1966)
  18. ^ First appearance Avengers #54 (July 1968); origin Avengers (Nov. 1968)
  19. ^ Avengers #59 - 60 (Dec. - Jan. 1968)
  20. ^ Avengers #66-68 (July-Aug. 1968)
  21. ^ Avengers #74 (March 1970)
  22. ^ Avengers #90 (July 1971)
  23. ^ Avengers #93 (Nov. 1971)
  24. ^ Marvel Feature #4-10 (July 1972 - July 1973)
  25. ^ Defenders #23-25 (May-July 1975)
  26. ^ Giant-Size Avengers #4 (May 1975)
  27. ^ Avengers #137 (July 1975)
  28. ^ Avengers #161 - 162 (July-Aug. 1977)
  29. ^ Avengers #170-171 (April-May 1978)
  30. ^ The Avengers #181 (March 1979)
  31. ^ Avengers #195 (May 1980)
  32. ^ Avengers #212 - 213 (Oct. - Nov. 1981)
  33. ^ Avengers #214 (Dec. 1981)
  34. ^ Avengers #217 (March 1982)
  35. ^ Avengers #224 (Oct. 1982)
  36. ^ Avengers #228-230 (Feb. - April 1983)
  37. ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #1 (Oct. 1985)
  38. ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #21 (June 1987)
  39. ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #16 (Jan. 1987)
  40. ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #17 (Feb. 1987)
  41. ^ West Coast Avengers vol. 2, #42 (March 1989)
  42. ^ Avengers #368 (Nov. 1993)
  43. ^ Avengers vol. 2, #1 - 13 (Nov. 1996 - Nov. 1997)
  44. ^ Avengers vol. 3, #1 (Feb. 1998)
  45. ^ Avengers/Squadron Supreme Annual 98 (Sept. 1998)
  46. ^ Avengers vol. 3, #19 - 22 (Aug. - Oct. 1999)
  47. ^ Avengers Forever #2
  48. ^ Avengers Forever #8
  49. ^ Avengers Forever #10
  50. ^ Avengers Forever #11
  51. ^ Avengers Annual 2001 (Sep. 2001)
  52. ^ Avengers vol. 3, #41 - 55 (June 2001 - Aug. 2002)
  53. ^ Avengers vol. 3, #85 (Sept. 2004)
  54. ^ Avengers Finale #1 (Nov. 2004)
  55. ^ Mighty Avengers #15 (Aug. 2008); Secret Invasion #1 - 8 (June 2008 - Jan. 2009)
  56. ^ Beyond! #1-6 (Sept. 2006 - Feb. 2007)
  57. ^ Civil War #1-7 (June 2006 - Jan. 2007)
  58. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #14 (Aug. 2008)
  59. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #19 (Jan. 2009)
  60. ^ Secret Invasion #8 (Dec. 2008)
  61. ^ Secret Invasion: Requiem (Jan. 2009)
  62. ^ Mighty Avengers #21 (Feb. 2009)
  63. ^ Mighty Avengers #23 (May 2009)
  64. ^ Mighty Avengers #30 (Dec. 2009)
  65. ^ Mighty Avengers #34
  66. ^ Avengers Academy #1
  67. ^ http://www.digitalspy.com/comics/news/a272645/gage-explains-the-return-of-giant-man.html
  68. ^ Tales to Astonish #44 (June 1963)
  69. ^ Goliath from Avengers #63 - 97 (April 1969 - March 1972); Avengers #345 (March 1992) to Captain America #401 (June 1992)
  70. ^ Power Man #24 (Apr. 1975)
  71. ^ Marvel Premiere #47 (Apr. 1979)
  72. ^ Goliath from Iron Man Annual #7 (Oct. 1984)
  73. ^ Avengers #264 (Feb. 1986)
  74. ^ Stature from Young Avengers #6 (Sept. 2005)
  75. ^ The Irredeemable Ant-Man #1 (Sept. 2006)
  76. ^ Goliath from Black Panther vol. 3, #23 (Feb. 2007)
  77. ^ Ultimates #1-7 (March-Sept. 2002); #8 (Nov. 2002); #9 (April 2003); #10 (July 2003); #11 (Sep. 2003); #12 (Nov. 2003); #13 (Apr. 2004); Ultimates 2 #1 - 6 (Feb. - July 2005); #7 (Sep. 2005); #8 (Nov. 2005); #9 (Jan. 2006); #10 (March 2006); #11 - 12 (July - Aug. 2006); #13 (Feb. 2007) and Ultimates 3 #1 - 4 (Feb. - May 2008); #5 (Nov. 2008)
  78. ^ Avengers Next #1-5 (Jan.-March 2007; biweekly)
  79. ^ Marvel Zombies #1-5 (Feb.-June 2006)
  80. ^ Marvel Zombies 2 #1-5 (Dec. 2007 - April 2008)
  81. ^ Marvel Zombies Return: Avengers #5 (Nov. 2009)
  82. ^ Jenna Busch (2010-02-08). "AVENGERS Animated Assembling w/ Phil Lamarr". Newsarama. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
  83. ^ Oafe.net: Yellowjacket: Marvel Legends (fan site)
  84. ^ Wonder Man: Marvel Legends (fan site)
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