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Frank W. Buckles
Sepia-color photo of a young man in military uniform
Picture: Buckles in 1917 (age 16)
File: Buckles signature in 2000
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Army
Years of serviceAugust 1917 – November 1919[1]
Rank Corporal
Service number15577[2]
Unit1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment[3]
Battles/warsWorld War I (soldier)
World War II (civilian POW)
Raid at Los Baños (WWII)
AwardsWorld War I Victory Medal
Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
French Legion of Honor

Frank Woodruff Buckles (born Wood Buckles; February 1, 1901– February 27, 2011) was one of the last three surviving World War I veterans, and the last American veteran of that conflict. Buckles enlisted in the United States Army in August 1917 and went through basic training at Fort Riley in Kansas. Serving in the Army's 1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment, he drove ambulances and motorcycles near the front lines.

Honorably discharged in 1919, Buckles continued to serve with the New York National Guard from 1922 to 1923. During World War II, he spent the majority of the conflict as a civilian prisoner of war after being captured by the Japanese while working in the shipping business. Following the Second World War, Buckles married in San Francisco in 1946 and moved to Gap View Farm in Charles Town, West Virginia. His wife, Audrey, gave birth to their daughter in 1955. A widower at age 98, he worked on his farm until age 105.

In his last years, he was Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation, campaigning to have the District of Columbia War Memorial renamed the National World War I Memorial, including meeting with President George W. Bush and testifying to Congress. He was awarded the World War I Victory Medal and the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal at the conclusion of the First World War, as well as the French Legion of Honor in his later years.

At the time of his death, Buckles was the oldest verified World War I veteran in the world and the last field veteran of the war. He was buried on March 15, 2011 at Arlington National Cemetery, with full military honors and President Barack Obama in attendance.

Early life and education

Buckles was born to James C. Buckles, a farmer,[4] and Theresa J. Buckles,[5][6] in Bethany, Missouri on February 1, 1901.[7] William McKinley, a veteran of the Civil War, was President.[7]

Buckles had two brothers, Ashman and Roy, and two sisters, Grace and Gladys.[8][9] Several family-members lived very long lives; he remembered speaking with his grandmother who was born in 1817, and his father lived to be 97.[10]

In 1702, the first ancestor named Buckles arrived at Philadelphia from England, and in 1732 the family settled near Charles Town, West Virginia, which was part of Virginia until the Civil War (and which was his home town later in life).[10] Buckles was descended from a Revolutionary War soldier, as well as a Civil War soldier.[11]

In 1903, Frank—known as Wood—and his brother Ashman contracted scarlet fever.[7] Frank survived, while Ashman died from the disease, at the age of four.[7] Between 1911 and 1916, Frank attended school in Nevada, Missouri,[12] after which the family moved to the town of Oakwood in Dewey County, Oklahoma.[13][14]

World War I and interwar years

A belt buckle like one given to Buckles by a German prisoner in 1918, inscribed "Gott mit uns", meaning "God with us"

When America entered World War I, Buckles sought to enlist in the armed forces. He was turned down by the Marine Corps because of his slight weight and for being under 21, and by the Navy,[15] who incorrectly diagnosed him with flat feet.[1] He was successful in enlisting in the United States Army in August 1917, at 16 years of age.[16] He did not look any older than 16, but the Army was persuaded to accept that he was older.[17]

Buckles enlisted on August 14, 1917 and went through basic training at Fort Riley in Kansas.[18] Later that year, he embarked for Europe aboard the RMS Carpathia, which was being used as a troop ship.[18] While on board Carpathia, Buckles spoke with crew members who had taken part in the rescue of RMS Titanic survivors five years previously.[18] During the war, Buckles served in England and France, driving ambulances and motorcycles for the Army's 1st Fort Riley Casual Detachment.[15] Buckles later recalled his service as a doughboy:

There was never a shortage of blown-up bodies that needed to be rushed to the nearest medical care. The British and French troops were in bad shape – even guys about my age looked old and tired. After three years of living and dying inside a dirt trench, you know the Brits and French were happy to see us "doughboys." Every last one of us Yanks believed we’d wrap this thing up in a month or two and head back home before harvest. In other words, we were the typical, cocky Americans no one wants around, until they need help winning a war.[7][17]

After the Armistice in 1918, Buckles escorted prisoners of war back to Germany.[19] One German prisoner gave him a belt buckle inscribed, "Gott mit uns" (meaning God with us), which he kept as a souvenir for the rest of his life.[7]

Buckles was promoted to Corporal on September 22, 1919.[19] Following his honorable discharge in November 1919,[1] he attended the dedication of the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, in honor of the Americans who died in World War I, and met General of the Armies John Pershing, who commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during the war.[20] During the interwar period, Buckles attended business school in Oklahoma City, and subsequently served with the Seventh Regiment of the New York National Guard from 1922 to 1923, while he lived in New York City and worked there in financial services.[21][22][23]

Next came a career as Chief Purser for steamship lines in South America, Europe, and Asia.[22] In the 1930s, he received an Army bonus of $800, which he gave to his father who was struggling as a farmer in the Oklahoma Dust Bowl.[24] In Berlin, he bumped into Adolf Hitler on the stairs of a hotel, and warned friends and acquaintances in Germany that Hitler would bring down their nation.[25]

World War II and married years

A two-storey white house with a porch and a balcony over it, flanked by two trees. A car from 1930s is parked at the house.
Buckles' future home, Gap View Farm, in the 1930s

By 1942, Buckles had worked for the White Star, American President, and W.R. Grace shipping companies, and shipping business took him to Manila in the Philippines.[22][26][27] He was captured there by the Japanese on December 8, 1941 and spent the next three years and two months in the Los Baños prison camp.[28][17] He became malnourished and battled starvation, receiving only a small meal of mush served in a tin cup, a utensil he still had at the time of his death.[29] With a weight below 100 pounds, Buckles developed beriberi, yet led his fellow prisoners in calisthenics.[4] He was freed by Allied forces on February 23, 1945.[30] During his captivity, Buckles learned some Japanese,[31] and was also fluent in German, Spanish, Portuguese, and French.[31][23]

After World War II, he moved to San Francisco, and married Audrey Mayo in 1946.[11] In January 1954, retired from steamship work, the couple bought the 330-acre (1.3 km2) Gap View Farm in West Virginia where they raised cattle.[14][32] Audrey gave birth to their only child, a daughter named Susannah, in 1955.[32] Audrey Buckles died in 1999, and their daughter moved back to the farm to care for him.[7]

Much of Frank Buckles' military service record was lost in a fire, and the rest has been classified as a high profile record by the Military Personnel Records Center.[33]

Active centenarian

An old man in a wheel chair is talking to a middle-aged man sitting to the right. In the background, above their heads are a plant decoration and a portrait of some historical person.
Buckles at age 107 meeting with President George W. Bush in the Oval Office

After the turn of the century, Buckles continued living near Charles Town, West Virginia and was still driving a tractor on his farm at age 103.[22] He stated in an interview with The Washington Post on Veterans' Day 2007 that he believed the United States should not go to war "unless it's an emergency".[26] When asked about the secret of his long life, Buckles replied: "Hope", adding, "When you start to die... don't". He also said the reason he had lived so long was that he "never got in a hurry".[34] In another interview at age 110, Buckles explained the secret of long life as "Genetics, healthy eating and exercise are vital for a long life", but "the will to survive is what's most important".[35]

Buckles' life was featured on the Memorial Day 2007 episode of NBC Nightly News. With the death of 108-year-old Harry Richard Landis in February 2008, Buckles became the last surviving American World War I veteran.[36] Buckles said of his place in history, "I never thought I'd be the last one."[25] The following month, he met with United States President George W. Bush at the White House.[37][38] The same day, he attended the opening of a Pentagon exhibit featuring photos of nine centenarian World War I veterans arranged by historian and photographer (and later family spokesman) David DeJonge.[39] That summer, the old veteran visited young wounded soldiers at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[22]

Buckles was the Honorary Chairman of the World War I Memorial Foundation,[40] which seeks refurbishment of the District of Columbia War Memorial and its establishment as the National World War I Memorial on the National Mall. He was named ABC's World News Tonight's "Person of the Week" on March 22, 2009 in recognition of his efforts to set up the memorial.[39] Those efforts continued, as Buckles appeared before Congress on December 3, 2009, advocating on behalf of such legislation.[41][42][43] He was the oldest person who ever testified before Congress.[25] On Armistice Day (i.e. Veterans Day) of 2010, he made a further appeal:

[W]e still do not have a national memorial in Washington, D.C. to honor the Americans who sacrificed with their lives during World War I. On this eve of Veterans Day, I call upon the American people and the world to help me in asking our elected officials to pass the law for a memorial to World War I in our nation's capital. These are difficult times, and we are not asking for anything elaborate. What is fitting and right is a memorial that can take its place among those commemorating the other great conflicts of the past century. On this 92nd anniversary of the armistice, it is time to move forward with honor, gratitude and resolve.[44][45]

The legislation remained in doubt, because opponents sought relocation of the proposed monument, or alternatively some benefit in return for the District of Columbia's loss of its exclusively local monument.[46][47]

A lifelong Shriner, Buckles was given a plaque in December 2009 for being a "famous Shriner".[48] He was part of the Osiris Shriners of Wheeling, West Virginia, and also a Freemason.[49] Buckles became "the oldest Shriner in Shrinedom".[49] Other interests of his included genealogy; he had been a member of the West Virginia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution since 1935,[35] and was active for many years in the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[50][51]

On February 1, 2010—Buckles' 109th birthday—his official biographer, David DeJonge, announced that he was completing a documentary, entitled "Pershing's Last Patriot", on Buckles' life. The film is a cumulative work of interviews and intimate moments.[52][53][54] DeJonge estimates a 2011 release for the documentary.[54]

In late 2010, Buckles was still giving media interviews[55] and reached supercentenarian status upon his 110th birthday, on February 1, 2011. On February 27, 2011, Buckles died of natural causes at his home.[56] There were then only two surviving World War I veterans in the world, Florence Green and Claude Choules, who both served in the military of Great Britain.[57]

Honors and awards

Above: Speaking with Defense Secretary Robert Gates at a portrait unveiling in 2008
Below: Buckles' US Army ribbons

For his service during World War I, Buckles received, from the United States government, the World War I Victory Medal, and he qualified for four Overseas Service Bars. In 1941, Buckles received the Army of Occupation of Germany Medal for his post-war service in Europe during the year 1919. He did not qualify for the Prisoner of War Medal for his World War II incarceration, because at the time of his imprisonment by the Japanese he was a civilian.[58] In 1999, French president Jacques Chirac awarded France's Legion of Honour.[59]

In 2007, the United States Library of Congress included Buckles in its Veterans History Project, which includes audio, video, and pictorial information on Buckles' experiences in both world wars, including a 148-minute video interview.[60] In April 2008, a section of West Virginia Route 9, which passes by his Gap View Farm home, was named and dedicated in his honor by then-West Virginia Governor Joe Manchin.[13] The following month, on May 25, 2008, Buckles received the Veterans of Foreign Wars’ Gold Medal of Merit at the Liberty Memorial. He sat for a portrait taken by David DeJonge that will hang in the National World War I Museum, as "the last surviving link."[61] The portrait was unveiled at the Pentagon in 2008, with Defense Secretary Robert Gates in attendance.[62]

Buckles received the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry's Knight Commander of the Court of Honour (KCCH) on September 24, 2008. The KCCH is the last honor bestowed by the Southern Jurisdiction prior to the thirty-third degree, the highest honor in Freemasonry. The ceremony was hosted by Ronald Seale, the Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction.[63]

Commemoration and funeral

A coffin covered with the US flag standing on a piedestal in a marble-lined room. A soldier in ceremonial uniform is standing on guard next to it.
Buckles lying in honor at Arlington National Cemetery's Memorial Amphitheater Chapel on March 15, 2011 guarded by a soldier from the 3rd Infantry Regiment
A coffin covered with the US flag in backgroud as man bows to greet woman while other people look on
President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden pay respects to Buckles' daughter Susannah Flanagan

[T]he hallowed ritual at grave No. 34-581 was not a farewell to one man alone. A reverent crowd of the powerful and the ordinary — President Obama and Vice President Biden, laborers and store clerks, heads bowed — came to salute Buckles’s deceased generation, the vanished millions of soldiers and sailors he came to symbolize in the end.

Washington Post[24]

Buckles did not meet the criteria for burial at Arlington National Cemetery as he had never been in combat, but special permission was secured on March 19, 2008.[64] That was accomplished with the help of Ross Perot, who had met Buckles at a history seminar in 2001, and who intervened in 2008 with the White House regarding a final resting place.[65]

Upon Buckles' death three years later on February 27, 2011, President Barack Obama ordered that the American flag be flown at half-staff on all government buildings, embassies, and at the White House on March 15, 2011 when Buckles would be buried at Arlington.[66] In the days leading up to Buckles' funeral, the governors of 16 states likewise called for the lowering of their states' flags to half-staff on March 15.[nb 1]

The United States Senate passed a resolution honoring Buckles as "the last veteran to represent the extraordinary legacy of the World War I veterans" on March 3, 2011.[83] A number of statements were made by representatives and senators paying tribute to Buckles and the World War I veterans and concurrent resolutions were proposed in both the Senate and the House of Representatives to allow Buckles to lie in honor in the United States Capitol rotunda. The resolution, however, was reported as being blocked by the Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, who sought permission instead for a ceremony to be held in the Amphitheater of Arlington National Cemetery.[84] Various people had supported a Rotunda ceremony, including Buckles' daughter,[85] a great-grandson of Sir Winston Churchill,[86] and former Republican Party presidential nominee Bob Dole.[87]

Northeast Vernon County High School in Nevada, Missouri, where Buckles went to school, held a service honoring his life and service, on March 8, 2011.[12][88] Buckles' home church, Zion Episcopal Church in Charles Town, West Virginia held a memorial service on March 16, 2011 featuring the Episcopal bishop of West Virginia, the local pastor, Buckles' son-in-law, his nephew, and others.[31]

On March 12, 2011, a ceremony was held at the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, to honor Buckles and the "passing of the generation that fought World War I".[89] The keynote speaker was retired United States Air Force general and former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers.[90] The ceremony included a reading of poems, one of which was In Flanders Fields.[90] On March 13 and 14, 2011, a visitation was held at a Northwest Washington, D.C. funeral home.[91]

A special ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery's Memorial Amphitheater Chapel and interment was held on March 15, where Buckles was buried with full military honors in plot 34, near Buckles' former commander, General of the Armies John J. Pershing.[91][92] During the ceremony prior to burial, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden paid their respects and met with Buckles' family.[93] Buckles' flag-draped coffin was borne to the burial plot on a caisson drawn by seven horses, and the folded flag was handed to his daughter by United States Army Vice Chief of Staff General Peter W. Chiarelli.[94] Part of the honor guard for Buckles' funeral were five members of the Blackfeet Warrior Society of Browning, Montana.[31] The crowd included not just VIPs, but also laborers, store clerks, and other ordinary people who came to salute not only Buckles but also the other 4.7 million American troops of World War I whom he had come to symbolize.[24][23]

In Martinsburg, West Virginia, on March 26, 2011, a candlelight vigil was held in memory of Buckles.[95] Donations were taken at the time of the vigil to pay for a planned statue of Buckles holding the reins of General Pershing's horse.[95][96] The statue will be placed in Buckles' hometown of Charles Town, West Virginia when finished.[95]

When Buckles died, he was the oldest verified World War I veteran in the world, as well as the last field veteran of the war.[97]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The state governors issuing proclamations were West Virginia acting-Governor Earl Ray Tomblin,[67] Missouri Governor Jay Nixon,[68] Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett,[69] North Carolina Governor Bev Perdue,[70] Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman,[71] North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple,[72] Maine Governor Paul LePage,[73] Iowa Governor Terry Branstad,[74] Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie,[75] Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley,[76] Connecticut Governor Dan Malloy,[77] Kansas Governor Sam Brownback,[78] Alaska Governor Sean Parnell,[79] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[80] South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard,[81] and Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval.[82]

References

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  2. ^ Smith, Vicki (February 28, 2011). "Last WWI veteran from US dies in W. Va". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ Dictionary.com "casual". Dictionary.com. Retrieved April 7, 2011. a soldier temporarily at a station or other place of duty, and usually en route to another station. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b Rubin, Richard (December 12, 2007). "Over There — and Gone Forever". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  6. ^ "1920 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. 1920. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Duggan, Paul (February 28, 2011). "Last U.S. World War I veteran Frank W. Buckles dies at 110". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011. Wood Buckles – his given name, recorded in the family Bible before birth certificates were required in his home state – was born Feb. 1, 1901....A sergeant insisted that he needed a middle initial, Mr. Buckles recalled. So he adopted an uncle's name, Frank Woodruff Buckles, and never stopped using it.
  8. ^ "1890 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. 1890. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  9. ^ "1900 United States Census". United States Census. Ancestry.com. 1900. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  16. ^ "CNN video of House Representative Ted Poe reading Buckles letter into the Congressional record". C-SPAN. February 3, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  21. ^ "Last American World War I veteran served briefly in National Guard". New York National Guard report. March 18, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. Originally he thought about joining the 69th Infantry, but then his friends said there were too many Irish in that unit and he should join the 7th Regiment instead, because it was one of the better regiments.
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  30. ^ Stone, Andrea (March 27, 2007). "One of the last': WWI vet recalls Great War". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
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  39. ^ a b Martinez, Luis (March 6, 2008). "Last doughboy gets Presidential 'Thank You'". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011. Cite error: The named reference "ABCNews" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  40. ^ "World War I Memorial Foundation - Rededicate the DC WWI Memorial". World War I Memorial Foundation. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  41. ^ Courson, Paul (December 3, 2009). "Last U.S. veteran of World War I testifies for memorial". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  42. ^ Henry, Beth (December 4, 2009). "Buckles seeks dedication of national WWI memorial". Martinsburg Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  43. ^ "Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session" (Document). Government Printing Office. December 3, 2009. p. 8Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  44. ^ Bowen, Jennifer (November 11, 2010). "Oldest vet: It's time for a WWI memorial". WSFA12 News (Montgomery, Alabama). Raycom Media. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
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  49. ^ a b Cotner, Robert (March 4, 2011). "Osiris Noble Frank Buckles, Eldest Shriner, Dies in West Virginia" (PDF). Shrinelines. Beja Shriners of Green Bay, Wisconsin. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  50. ^ "Preston Smith Tells Sons Confederate Veterans of Historical Spots in Area". Spirit Of Jefferson Farmer's Advocate. March 27, 2969. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ "Sons Of Confederate Veterans Meeting Jan. 25". Spirit Of Jefferson Farmer's Advocate. January 20, 2000. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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  53. ^ Ford, Chris (May 16, 2010). "Volunteers gather at neglected WWI monument". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ a b "Pershing's Last Patriot, a film about the life of Frank Buckles (Release date: 2012)". Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  55. ^ Tomaszycki, Scott (September 30, 2009). "Centenarian Soldier: Last known surviving American World War I veteran tells his story". dvidshub.net. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  58. ^ "Prisoner of War Medal Application". Archival Reconstruction Service Record of Frank Buckles, Military Personnel Records Center. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  59. ^ "Last US veteran of WWI dies". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Government of Australia. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  60. ^ "Experiencing War: Stories from the Veterans' History Project: Frank Woodruff Buckles". Veterans History Project of the Library of Congress American Folklife Center. Library of Congress. May 27, 2007. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  63. ^ "Congressional Record—Extensions of Remarks" (PDF). Government Printing Office. September 27, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
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  65. ^ "Arlington Cemetery Makes Historic Exception for World War I Veteran". Salem-News.com. April 8, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  66. ^ "Presidential Proclamation—Death of Army Corporal Frank W. Buckles, the Last Surviving American Veteran of World War I". The White House. White House Office of the Press Secretary. February 28, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  67. ^ "5:15 p.m.: Gov. orders flags lowered for Buckles". Martinsburg Journal. March 2, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  68. ^ "Gov. Nixon orders flags to half-staff in honor of Frank W. Buckles, Missouri native who was last American veteran of World War I". Missouri Governor's Office. March 1, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  69. ^ Rizzi, Jennifer (March 10, 2011). "Gov. Corbett: Fly flags at half-mast for last surviving WWI veteran". WHTM-TV. Allbritton Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  70. ^ "Gov. Orders Flags to Half-Staff After Death of Last American WWI Vet". WCTI-TV. Bonten Media Group, LLC. March 12, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  71. ^ "Governor Heineman asks for tribute to last WWI veteran". KHAS-TV. Hoak Media Corporation. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  72. ^ "ND governor directs that flags be flown at half-staff to honor WWI veteran". The Republic. Home News Enterprises. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  73. ^ "Maine flags half-staff to honor WWI veteran". Portland Press Herald. MaineToday Media, Inc. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  74. ^ "Half-staff flags to honor Cpl. Frank Buckles, World War I vets". Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. Lee Enterprises. March 14, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  75. ^ "Flags half staff Tuesday for last surviving WWI Veteran". Hawaii News Now. Raycom Media. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  76. ^ "Flying Maryland's Flag at Half Staff – Date & Commemoration". Office of the Secretary of State for Maryland. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  77. ^ "Flags to half-staff in remembrance of Corporal Frank Buckles". Norwalk Plus. Canaiden Online Media Network. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  78. ^ "Kansas Honors Life of Last World War I Veteran". Kiowa County Signal. GateHouse Media. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  79. ^ "Flags Lowered for Last World War I Veteran". State of Alaska Governor's Office. 2011-03-15. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  80. ^ Lough, Valerie (March 15, 2011). "Flags at half-mast for late WWI veteran". Springfield News-Sun. Cox Enterprises. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  81. ^ "SD Governor Directs Flags Flown at Half-Staff". KELO-TV. New Young Broadcasting. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  82. ^ "Gov. Sandoval Orders Flags at Half Staff for Last Surviving WWI Veteran". KOLO-TV. Gray Television. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  83. ^ "Senate Resolution 89—Related to the death of Frank W. Buckles, the longest surviving United States Veteran of the First World War" (PDF). Congressional Record. Government Printing Office. March 3, 2011. p. S–1237. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  84. ^ Belisle, Richard (March 10, 2011). "Frank Buckles, last U.S. veteran of World War I, to be buried Tuesday at Arlington". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  85. ^ Stone, Andrea (March 5, 2011). "Buckles' Daughter Not Taking 'No' for an Answer on Rotunda Honor". AOL News. AOL. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  86. ^ "Last WWI vet to be buried in Arlington service". Associated Press. March 10, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  87. ^ Camia, Catalina (March 18, 2011). "Bob Dole: WWI veteran Buckles should get Capitol tribute". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  88. ^ "NEVC HS Honors World War I Veteran Frank W. Buckles". Northeast Vernon County R-1. March 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  89. ^ Burnes, Brian (March 12, 2011). "Last American WWI veteran remembered at Liberty Memorial ceremony". The Kansas City Star. The McClatchy Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  90. ^ a b Burnes, Brian (March 12, 2011). "Last living American from WWI remembered at Liberty Memorial ceremony". The Kansas City Star. The McClatchy Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  91. ^ a b Stone, Andrea (March 12, 2011). "Last WWI Vet Buckles Will Lie in Basement at Arlington, Not Capitol Rotunda". AOL News. AOL. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  92. ^ Quigley, Rachel (March 15, 2011). "Last American World War I veteran receives a hero's burial with full military honours". Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  93. ^ "Obama pays respects to last U.S. World War I vet". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  94. ^ "Final World War I veteran buried". Associated Press. Los Angeles Times. March 16, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  95. ^ a b c "Local vigil planned for Frank Buckles". Martinsburg Journal. March 15, 2011. Retrieved April 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  96. ^ Belisle, Richard F. (March 26, 2011). "Campaign launched to raise money for Buckles statue and documentary". The Herald-Mail. Schurz Communications. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
  97. ^ Praetorius, Dean (February 28, 2011). "Frank Buckles Dead: Oldest World War I Veteran Dies At 110". The Huffington Post. AOL. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
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