Bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River

The bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River provide important means of transportation across China's longest and largest river. They form a vital part of the country's road and rail network. With the "Long River" bisecting China proper from west to east, virtually every major north-south bound highway or railway must cross the Yangtze. Until the completion of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in 1957, there were no crossings across the main stretch of the Yangtze from Yibin to the river mouth in Shanghai, a distance of 2,884 kilometres (1,792 mi). Since then, there have been 60 bridges and three tunnels built, the overwhelming majority constructed since 1990. They reflect a broad array of bridge designs and, in many cases, represent significant achievements in modern bridge engineering. Several rank among the world's suspension, cable-stayed and arch bridges as well as the world's highest and tallest bridges.

History

The Yangtze River forms a major geographic barrier dividing northern and southern China. For millennia, travelers crossed the Yangtze by ferry. In the first half of the 20th century, rail passengers from Beijing to Guangzhou and Shanghai had to disembark, respectively, at Hanyang and Pukou, and cross the river by steam ferry before resuming journeys by train. After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, a dual-use road-rail bridge, was built with Soviet assistance from 1955 to 1957. The second bridge across the river was a single-track railway bridge built upstream in Chongqing in 1959. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, also a road-rail bridge, was the first bridge to cross the lower reaches of the Yangtze, in Nanjing. It was built after the Sino-Soviet split, from 1960 to 1968, and did not receive foreign assistance. The Zhicheng Road-Rail Bridge followed in 1971 and then the Chongqing Road Bridge in 1980. Bridge-building slowed in the 1980s before resuming in the 1990s and accelerating in the first decade of the 21st century. The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge was built in 1992 as part of the Beijing–Jiujiang Railway. A second bridge in Wuhan was completed in 1995. By 2005, there were a total of 56 bridges and one tunnel across the Yangtze River between Yibin and Shanghai. These include some of the longest suspension and cable-stayed bridges in the world on the Yangtze Delta: Jiangyin Suspension Bridge (1385m, opened in 1999), Runyang Bridge (1490m, opened 2005), Sutong Bridge (1088m, opened 2008). The rapid pace of bridge construction has continued. The city of Wuhan now has six bridges and one tunnel across the Yangtze. About a dozen other bridges are now under construction.

In the upper reaches of the Yangtze above Yibin, the Jinsha (Gold Sands), Tongtian, and Tuotuo sections of the river are narrower and bridges are more numerous.

List of existing bridges and tunnels on the Yangtze (between Yibin and Shanghai)

Ord. ^{[note 1]}	Name	Chinese name	City ^{[note 2]}	Prov. Municip. ^{[note 3]}	Const. Began ^{[note 4]}	Began Oper. ^{[note 5]}	Total length (m) ^{[note 6]}	Main Bridge Length (m) ^{[note 7]}	Widest Span (m) ^{[note 8]}	Type ^{[note 9]}	Route ^{[note 10]}	Notes
1	Chongming-Qidong Yangtze River Bridge	崇启长江大桥	Qidong, Chongming	Jiangsu, Shanghai	2008	2011	53000	6840	185	box girder	6-lane	^{[note 11]}
1	Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge	上海长江大桥	Chongming, Changxing	Shanghai	2005	2009	10300	9997	730	cable-stayed	6-lane	^{[note 12]}
1	Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel	上海长江隧道	Changxing, Pudong	Shanghai	2005	2009	8950	8950	-	tunnel	6-lane	^{[note 13]}
2	Sutong Yangtze River Bridge	苏通长江大桥	Nantong, Changshu	Jiangsu	2003	2008	8206	2088	1088	cable-stayed	6-lane
3	Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge	江阴长江大桥	Jingjiang, Jiangyin	Jiangsu	1994	1999	3071	1385	1385	suspens.	6-lane
4	Second Yangzhong Yangtze River Bridge	扬中长江二桥	Yangzhong, Zhenjiang	Jiangsu	2002	2004	6500	1755		beam	hwy S238	^{[note 14]}
5	Yangzhong Yangtze River Bridge	扬中长江大桥	Yangzhong, Zhenjiang	Jiangsu	1992	1994		1172		beam	hwy S238	^{[note 15]}
6	Runyang Yangtze River Bridge - North Bridge	润扬长江大桥北汊	Yangzhou, Shiye Island	Jiangsu	2000	2005	7210	756.8	406	cable-stayed	6-lane
6	Runyang Yangtze River Bridge - South Bridge	润扬长江大桥南汊	Shiye Is. Zhenjiang	Jiangsu	2000	2005	7210	2430	1490	suspens	6-lane
7	Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge - North Bridge	南京长江二桥	Nanjing, Bagua Is.	Jiangsu	1997	2001	21337	2172	495	cable-stayed	6-lane
7	Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge - South Bridge	南京长江二桥	Bagua Is. Nanjing	Jiangsu	1997	2001	21337	2938	628	cable-stayed	6-lane
8	Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge	南京长江大桥	Nanjing	Jiangsu	1960	1968	6772	1577	160	beam	4-lane hwy; 2-track Jinghu R.R.	^{[note 16]}
9	Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel Complex (tunnel)	南京长江隧道-南隧	Nanjing	Jiangsu	2005	2009	6156	3900	-	tunnel	6-lane hwy
9	Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel Complex (south bridge)	南京长江隧道-北桥	Nanjing	Jiangsu	2005	2010	6156	665	248	suspens.	6-lane hwy
10	Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge	南京长江三桥	Nanjing	Jiangsu	2002	2005	15600	4744	648	cable-stayed	6-lane
#	Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge	南京大胜关铁路长江大桥	Nanjing	Jiangsu	2006	2010	9270	1615	336	arch-truss	Jinghu HSR, Huhanrong R.R., Nanjing Metro 6 track rail
11	Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge	芜湖长江大桥	Wuhu	Anhui	1997	2000	6078	2193	312	cable-stayed	4-lane, railway \|\| ^{[note 17]}
12	Tongling Yangtze River Bridge	铜陵长江大桥	Tongling	Anhui	1991	1995	2592	1152	432	cable-stayed	4-lane
13	Anqing Bridge	安庆长江大桥	Anqing	Anhui	2001	2005	5985	1040	510	cable-stayed	4-lane
14	Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge	九江长江大桥	Huangmei, Jiujiang	Hubei, Jiangxi	1973	1992	7675	1806	576	truss- arch	Jingjiu R.R.	^{[note 18]}
15	Huangshi Yangtze River Bridge	黄石长江大桥	Huangshi	Hubei	1991	1995	2580	1060	245	beam
16	E’dong Yangtze River Bridge	鄂东长江大桥	Huanggang	Hubei	2008	2010	6300	1486	926	cable-stayed
17	E’huang Yangtze River Bridge	鄂黄长江大桥	Huanggang, Ezhou	Hubei	1999	2002	3245	1290	480	cable-stayed
18	Wuhan Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge	武汉阳逻长江大桥	Wuhan	Hubei	2003	2007	10000	2735	1280	suspens.	6-lane
19	Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge	武汉天兴洲长江大桥	Wuhan	Hubei	2004	2009	8043	4657	504	cable-stayed	6-lane Wuhan Mid-Ring Rd.; 4-track rail (Wuguang HSR, Huhanrong R.R.)	^{[note 19]}
#	Wuhan Two Seven Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan No. 7 Bridge)	武汉二七长江	Wuhan	Hubei	2008	2011	2922	616		cable-stayed	road
20	Second Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge	武汉长江二桥	Wuhan	Hubei	1991	1995	3227	1080	400	cable-stayed	Wuhan Inner Ring Rd.
21	Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel	武汉长江隧道	Wuhan	Hubei	2004	2008	3630	3630	-	tunnel	4-lane hwy
22	Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge	武汉长江大桥	Wuhan	Hubei	1955	1957	1670	1156	128	truss	4-lane hwy; 2-track Jingguang R.R.
23	Wuhan Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan Bridge No.3)	武汉白沙洲长江大桥 (武汉长江三桥)	Wuhan	Hubei	1997	2000	3589		618	cable-stayed	Wuhan Middle Ring Rd.
24	Wuhan Junshan Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan Bridge No. 4)	武汉军山长江大桥 (武汉长江四桥)	Wuhan	Hubei	1998	2001	4881	2847	964	cable-stayed
#	Jingyue Yangtze River Bridge	荆岳长江大桥	Jianli, Yueyang	Hubei, Hunan	2006	2010	5400	816	816	cable-stayed	S201 6-lane hwy
25	Jingzhou Yangtze River Bridge	荆州长江大桥	Jingzhou	Hubei	1998	2002	4177	900 1100 557	700 (north bridge)	cable-stayed	4-lane	.^{[note 20]}
26	Zhicheng Yangtze River Bridge	枝城长江大桥	Zhicheng	Hubei	1965	1971	1742	1280	160	truss	1-lane rd. Jiaoliu R.R. 2-track
27	Yichang Yangtze Highway Bridge	宜昌长江公路大桥	Yichang	Hubei	1997	2001	1187	960		suspens.
28	Yichang-Wanzhou Railway Yichang Yangtze River Bridge	宜万铁路宜昌长江大桥	Yichang	Hubei	2004	2008	2446		275	truss- arch	2-track Yiwan R.R.
29	Gezhouba Sanjiang Bridge (Phoenix Bridge)	葛洲坝三江大桥 (凤凰桥)	Yichang	Hubei		1981	763			beam	road	^{[note 21]}
30	Yiling Yangtze River Bridge	夷陵长江大桥	Yichang	Hubei	1998	2001	3246	936	348	cable-stayed	4-lane hwy
31	Xiling Yangtze River Bridge	西陵长江大桥	Yichang	Hubei	1993	1996	1119	900	900	suspens.	4-lane hwy
32	Badong Yangtze River Bridge	巴东长江大桥	Badong	Hubei	2001	2004	908	728	388	cable-stayed	File:Kokudou 209 (China).svg 4-lane

Chongqing

Name	Location	Opened	Total length	Main Span	Type	Carries	Coordinates
Wushan Yangtze River Bridge	Wushan County	2005	612 m (2,008 ft)	492 m (1,614 ft)	Arch bridge	Road	31°03′47″N 109°54′08″E / 31.063056°N 109.902111°E / 31.063056; 109.902111 (Wushan Yangtze River Bridge)
Fengjie Bridge	Fengjie	2005	893 m (2,930 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	Road S201	31°01′13″N 109°28′51″E / 31.020306°N 109.480944°E / 31.020306; 109.480944 (Fengjie Bridge)
Yunyang Yangtze River Bridge	Yunyang	2005	1,272 m (4,173 ft)	318 m (1,043 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	Road	30°54′56″N 108°42′42″E / 30.9155°N 108.71175°E / 30.9155; 108.71175 (Yunyang Bridge)
Second Wanzhou Bridge	Wanzhou	2004	1,216 m (3,990 ft)	580 m (1,900 ft)	Suspension bridge	4 lane highway	30°49′33″N 108°24′17″E / 30.825889°N 108.404778°E / 30.825889; 108.404778 (Second Wanzhou Bridge)
Wanzhou Railway Bridge	Wanzhou	2005	1,106 m (3,629 ft)	360 m (1,180 ft)	Arch bridge	Yiwan Railway 2 tracks	30°46′11″N 108°25′00″E / 30.769778°N 108.416528°E / 30.769778; 108.416528 (Wanzhou Railway Bridge)
Wanxian Bridge	Wanzhou	1997	8,144 m (26,719 ft)	420 m (1,380 ft)	Arch bridge		30°45′35″N 108°25′09″E / 30.759611°N 108.419278°E / 30.759611; 108.419278 (Wanzhou Bridge)
Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge	Zhong County	2001	1,200 m (3,900 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	Suspension bridge	4-lane S302	30°18′07″N 108°02′57″E / 30.301833°N 108.049111°E / 30.301833; 108.049111 (Zhong County Bridge)
Zhongxian Huyu Expressway Bridge	Zhong County	2009	2,145 m (7,037 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	G50 Huyu Expressway	30°13′55″N 108°00′21″E / 30.231944°N 108.005833°E / 30.231944; 108.005833 (Zhong County Expressway Bridge)
Fengdu Bridge	Fengdu	1997	620 m (2,030 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	Suspension bridge	S103	29°51′20″N 107°40′11″E / 29.855417°N 107.669722°E / 29.855417; 107.669722 (Fengdu Bridge)
Hanjiatuo Bridge	Fuling	2012	1,137 m (3,730 ft)	432 m (1,417 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	Yuli Railway	29°46′04″N 107°25′02″E / 29.767694°N 107.417278°E / 29.767694; 107.417278 (Hanjiatuo Bridge)
Shibangou Bridge	Fuling	2009	975 m (3,199 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	4 lane Fuling Ring Rd	29°43′50″N 107°24′21″E / 29.730694°N 107.405944°E / 29.730694; 107.405944 (Shibangou Bridge)
Fuling Yangtze River Bridge	Fuling	1997	631 m (2,070 ft)	330 m (1,080 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	4 lanes	29°44′11″N 107°20′49″E / 29.7365°N 107.346806°E / 29.7365; 107.346806 (Fuling Yangtze River Bridge)
Lidu Bridge	Fuling	2007	822 m (2,697 ft)	398 m (1,306 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	Road	29°43′37″N 107°17′36″E / 29.727028°N 107.293472°E / 29.727028; 107.293472 (Lidu Bridge)
Changshou Bridge	Changshou District	2009	1,160 m (3,810 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	4 lane highway	29°48′59″N 107°03′25″E / 29.816444°N 107.057028°E / 29.816444; 107.057028 (Changshou Bridge)
Changshou Railway Bridge	Changshou District	2005	898.3 m (2,947 ft)	192 m (630 ft)	Truss bridge	2-track Yuhuai Railway	29°46′22″N 106°59′30″E / 29.772796°N 106.991546°E / 29.772796; 106.991546 (Changshou Railway Bridge)
Yuzui Yangtze River Bridge	Nan'an District	2009	1,440 m (4,720 ft)	616 m (2,021 ft)	Suspension bridge	6-lane	29°36′41″N 106°46′21″E / 29.611306°N 106.772556°E / 29.611306; 106.772556 (Yuzui Bridge)
Dafosi Bridge	Nan'an District	2001	1,176 m (3,858 ft)	450 m (1,480 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	6-lane	29°36′24″N 106°34′58″E / 29.606667°N 106.582639°E / 29.606667; 106.582639 (Dafosi Bridge)
Chaotianmen Bridge	Yubei District, Nan'an District	2009	4,880 m (16,010 ft)	552 m (1,811 ft)	Arch bridge	6 lane highway 2 track light rail	29°35′20″N 106°34′38″E / 29.588871°N 106.57721°E / 29.588871; 106.57721 (Chaotianmen Bridge)
Shibanpo Bridge	Yuzhong District, Nan'an District	1977	1,103 m (3,619 ft)	330 m (1,080 ft)	Box girder bridge	8 lane highway	29°32′44″N 106°33′36″E / 29.545556°N 106.559889°E / 29.545556; 106.559889 (Shibanpo Bridge)
Caiyuanba Bridge	Yuzhong District, Nan'an District	2007	1,866 m (6,122 ft)	420 m (1,380 ft)	Arch bridge	6 lane highway 2 track Chongqing Metro Line 3	29°32′36″N 106°32′53″E / 29.543222°N 106.547944°E / 29.543222; 106.547944 (Caiyuanba Bridge)
E'gongyan Bridge	Jiulongpo District, Nan'an District	2000	1,022 m (3,353 ft)	600 m (2,000 ft)	Suspension bridge	6 lane highway	29°31′24″N 106°31′41″E / 29.52325°N 106.528056°E / 29.52325; 106.528056 (E'gongyan Bridge)
Lijiatuo Bridge	Jiulongpo District, Nan'an District	1995	1,288 m (4,226 ft)	444 m (1,457 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	Highway	29°28′46″N 106°31′42″E / 29.479472°N 106.528444°E / 29.479472; 106.528444 (Lijiatuo Bridge)
Masangxi Bridge	Dadukou District, Banan District	2001	1,104 m (3,622 ft)	360 m (1,180 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	6 lane highway	29°27′28″N 106°29′39″E / 29.457667°N 106.494194°E / 29.457667; 106.494194 (Masangxi Bridge)
Yudong Bridge	Dadukou District, Banan District	2008	1,541 m (5,056 ft)	260 m (850 ft)	Beam bridge	6-lane hwy 2-track light rail	29°24′09″N 106°29′48″E / 29.402556°N 106.496611°E / 29.402556; 106.496611 (Yudong Bridge)
Baishatuo Railway Bridge	Dadukou District, Banan District	1960	825 m (2,707 ft)	80 m (260 ft)	Truss bridge	2 track railway ^{[note 22]}	29°21′13″N 106°25′31″E / 29.353714°N 106.425267°E / 29.353714; 106.425267 (Baishatuo Railway Bridge)
Diwei Bridge	Dadukou District, Jiangjin District	2004	734 m (2,408 ft)	345 m (1,132 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	2 lane road	29°20′41″N 106°24′17″E / 29.344667°N 106.404722°E / 29.344667; 106.404722 (Diwei Bridge)
Guanyinyan Bridge	Jiulongpo District, Jiangjin District	2009	1,199 m (3,934 ft)	436 m (1,430 ft)	Cable-stayed bridge	G93 Chengyu Ring Expressway G5001 Chongqing Ring Expressway 6 lanes	29°15′48″N 106°19′16″E / 29.263444°N 106.321222°E / 29.263444; 106.321222 (Guanyinyan Bridge)
Jiangjin Bridge 江津长江大桥	Jiangjin District	1997	1,360 m (4,460 ft)	240 m (790 ft)	Beam bridge	S107	29°15′50″N 106°15′09″E / 29.263806°N 106.252528°E / 29.263806; 106.252528 (Jiangjin Bridge)

Sichuan

Ord.	Name	Chinese name	City	Prov. Municip.	Const. Began	Began Oper.	Total length (m)	Main Bridge Length (m)	Widest Span (m)	Type	Route
60	Luzhou Yangtze River Bridge	泸州长江大桥	Luzhou	Sichuan	1977	1982	4676	1252		beam
61	Second Luzhou Bridge	泸州长江二桥	Luzhou	Sichuan	2003	2000	1408			beam	4-lane
62	Luzhou Yangtze River Railway Bridge	泸州铁路长江大桥	Luzhou	Sichuan	2000	2002	1445	602	144	beam	1-track Longchang-Huangtong R.R.
63	Luzhou Taian Yangtze River Bridge	泸州泰安长江大桥	Luzhou	Sichuan	2003	2008	1573		270	cable-stayed	road
64	Jiang'an Yangtze River Bridge	江安长江大桥	Jiangan County	Sichuan	2003	2008	1090	540	253	beam	road
65	Yibin Yangtze River Bridge	宜宾长江大桥	Yibin	Sichuan	2003	2008	923.73			cable-stayed	4-lane hwy

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Notes

^ Order of Crossing (Ord.) - The order in which the bridge or tunnel is located on the river, ascending from the river mouth in Shanghai. Multiple bridges or tunnels that form a single river crossing are counted as a single crossing. (e.g. The Shanghai Yangtze River and Tunnel which connect the south bank with two islands near the river mouth, will eventually form one bridge-tunnel complex across the river.) Parallel bridges at the same location are counted as separate crossings. (e.g. The Chongqing Shibanpo Bridge, originally built in 1980, is counted separately from a return bridge built next to it in 2006).
^ City - The city, county or urban district connected by the bridge.
^ Province / Municipality (Prov. Municp.) - The province or municipality in which the bridge or tunnel is located.
^ Construction Began (Const. Began) - The year in which construction of the bridge or tunnel began.
^ Began Operation (Began Oper.) - The year in which the bridge or tunnel entered into operation.
^ Total Length - The full length of the bridge or tunnel complex, including the main span and entry ramps.
^ Main Bridge Length - The length of the bridge over the river. This excludes the length of ramps leading up to the bridge, which on some bridges can be several kilometer in length.
^ Widest Span - This refers to the longest distance between two piers on the bridge. This length is longer on suspension and cable-stayed bridges than on beam bridges.
^ Type - The type of crossing: arch, beam, cable-stayed, suspension, truss or tunnel.
^ Route - The road, highway, or railway that cross the river with the bridge or tunnel.
^ The Chongming-Qidong Bridge only connects Chongming Island and Qidong on the north bank of the river. This bridge, together with the Shanghai Yangtze Bridge and Tunnel to the south, forms one crossing near the river's mouth.
^ The Shanghai Yangtze Bridge connects only the Changxing and Chongming Islands. This bridge, together with the Chongming-Qidong Bridge to the north and the Shanghai Yangtze Tunnel to the south, forms one crossing near the river's mouth.
^ The Shanghai Yangtze Tunnel only connects Pudong on the south bank of the river with Changxing Island. This tunnel, together with the Chongming-Qidong and Shanghai Yangtze Bridges to the nouth, forms one crossing near the river's mouth.
^ The Second Yangzhong Bridge connects only Yangzhong Island and the river's south bank. It will not become a true river crossing until the completion of the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge which spans the north channel of the river.
^ The Yangzhong Bridge connects only Yangzhong Island and the river's south bank. It will not become a true river crossing until the completion of the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge which spans the north channel of the river.
^ The rail deck is 6772 km in length; the road deck is 4588 km
^ The total length of the road deck is 6078 km. The rail portion of the bridge is longer.
^ The rail deck opened in 1995. The total length of rail deck is 7675; the road deck is 4460 km.
^ The road deck length 8043; The rail portion of the bridge is longer.
^ The Jingzhou Bridge consists of three bridges -- the North Bridge (900m), Sanbazhou Bridge (1100m), and the South Bridge (557m).
^ The Sanjiang Bridge spans a side channel of the Yangtze with the Gezhou Dam. Together with the dam, the bridge forms a river crossing.
^ The bridge's second track was added in 1978.

Bridges and tunnels under construction

A partial list of bridges currently under construction.

Name	Chinese name	Prov. Municip.	City	Const.	Expect. Completion	Total length	Main bridge length	Widest Span (m)	Type	Route
Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge (main stream)	泰州长江大桥	Taizhou, Yangzhong	Jiangsu	2007	2011	9726	2300	1080	suspension	hwy
Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge (branch stream)	泰州长江大桥	Yangzhong, Zhenjiang	Jiangsu	2007	2011	9726		100	suspension	hwy
Wuhan Yingwuzhou Yangtze River Bridge (Wuhan No. 8 Bridge)	武汉鹦鹉洲长江大桥	Wuhan	Hubei	2010	2014	2300	850		cable-stayed	road
Chongqing Yongchuan Yangtze River Bridge	重庆永川长江大桥	Yongchuan	Chongqing	2009		1598				hwy (3rd Ring Rd.)
Jiangjin Yingbing Yangtze River Bridge	江津迎宾长江大桥	Jiangjin	Chongqing	2008	2013	2037			cable-stayed	6-lane hwy
Luzhou Guojiao Yangtze River Bridge	泸州国窖长江大桥	Jiangjin	Chongqing	2008	2013	1190	248		cable-stayed	6-lane hwy