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Adventure Time season 4

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Adventure Time Season 4
Season 4
File:AdventureTimeseason4.jpg
Cover art for digital downloads
No. of episodes26
Release
Original networkCartoon Network
Original releaseApril 2 (2012-04-02) –
October 22, 2012 (October 22, 2012)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 3
Next →
Season 5
List of episodes

The fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time, created by Pendleton Ward, originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States. The series is based on a short produced for Frederator's Nicktoons Network animation incubator series Random! Cartoons. The season debuted on April 2, 2012, and the season finale was aired on October 22, 2012. The season follows the adventures of Finn, a 14-year-old human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo. Along the way, they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, and Marceline the Vampire Queen.

The first episode of the season, "Hot to the Touch" was watched by 2.655 million viewers; this marked a slight decrease in viewers watching Cartoon Network when compared to the previous season's debut. The season ended with the cliffhanger "The Lich", which was viewed by 2.589 million viewers; the story was resolved at the start of season five. The season was met with largely positive critical reception. In addition, several episodes were nominated for awards; The episodes "Princess Cookie", "The Hard Easy", "Lady & Peebles", and "Goliad" were all nominated for Annie Awards. The episode "Card Wars", however, won a Golden Reel Awards.

Several compilation DVDs that contained episodes from the season were released after the season finished airing. The season was storyboarded and written by Cole Sanchez, Rebecca Sugar, Tom Herpich, Skyler Page, Ako Castuera, Jesse Moynihan, Bert Youn, and Somvilay Xayaphone while being produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. The series is rated TV-PG.

Development

Concept

The season follows the adventures of Finn the Human, a 14-year-old boy,[nb 1] and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo. Along the way, they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, and Marceline the Vampire Queen.[1][2] Common storylines revolve around: Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, battling the Ice King, and battling monsters in order to help others. Various other episodes deal with Finn attempting to woo Flame Princess.[2]

Production

On April 6, 2011, Fred Seibert announced through Frederator's official blog that, although he was unable to "confirm nor deny" whether the series had been renewed for a fourth season, "if there were a fourth season planned […] writing would begin next week."[3] On April 28, 2011, Ward officially announced that, with the storyboards for season three were nearing completion, much of the production staff had shifted its focus onto the show's fourth season.[4] The first episode to enter into production was "Five Short Graybles", based on its production number. However, it was later the second episode aired.[5]

During the writing for the season, Ward and series' head writer Ken Osborne noted that it was increasingly difficult to produce new episode concepts because the writers had "already used a lot of cool ideas".[2] Osborne called this slump the "season four blues".[2] Ward went on to clarify that, "everything's still coming out super weird and interesting—but it just gets a little harder. You have to dig deeper."[2] To combat these issues, the writer staff tried different story writing methods, such as a technique called exquisite corpse, in which one writer starts a story on a sheet of paper, and the paper is folded and another writer tries to finish it. Ward, however, noted that "the ideas are usually terrible".[6] They also decided to experiment with different types of storytelling and introduce more new characters to the show.[2] For instance, the eighteenth episode, "King Worm", takes place in a dream world. Ward latter revealed on his Twitter that many scenes were inspired by popular YouTube Poops, which are idiosyncratic and often nonsensical mashups which have been uploaded on the video site YouTube; Ward explained that he enjoyed the concept of Poops and wanted to put them in the episode.[7]

The season's fifteenth episode, "Sons of Mars"—which has been described as a "big mythology episode" for the series—features the return appearance of Abraham Lincoln as the king of Mars.[8] Lincoln had originally appeared in the series' pilot episode in 2007.[8] The episode was storyboarded by Jesse Moynihan, and originally was supposed to be connected to the third season episode "Ghost Princess"; in Moynihan's original story, the premise involved both Ghost Princess and Magic Man. In the end, after "extensive meetings" with the show's writing staff, Moynihan decided to rewrite the episode so that it would serve as a sequel to Magic Man's story.[9] The episode marks the first appearance of the oft-mentioned deity Grob Gob Glob Grod; Ward had originally wanted Bill Nye, Bill Cosby, Bill Clinton, and Bill Murray to voice the character, although this did not come to pass.[8][10]

After the writers pitch the stories, the ideas are compiled onto a "two-to-three" page outline that contain "the important beats".[11] The episodes are then handed off to storyboard artists.[12] The episodes' design and coloring are done in Burbank, California. Animation is handled in overseas in Korea, according to character designer Andy Ristaino.[13] The season was storyboarded and written by Cole Sanchez, Rebecca Sugar, Tom Herpich, Skyler Page, Ako Castuera, Jesse Moynihan, Bert Youn, and Somvilay Xayaphone.[nb 2] Ward was proud with the writing staff for the season, saying, "Everyone [on the writing staff] is super talented […] And they’re all a bunch of brainiacs, super smart".[14] He explained that "They’re amazing in helping us because they let us write really cool ideas [because] they’re really supportive, is what I am trying to say, of what we’re trying to do."[14] The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios.[15] The series is rated TV-PG.[16]

Cast

The voice actors include voice acting veterans John DiMaggio (who portrays Jake the Dog), Tom Kenny (who plays The Ice King), and Hynden Walch (who voices Princess Bubblegum). In addition, Jeremy Shada portrays the voice of Finn the Human, and Olivia Olson portrays Marceline the Vampire Queen. Ward himself provides the voice for several minor characters, as well as Lumpy Space Princess. Former storyboard artist Niki Yang voices the sentient video game console BMO, as well as Jake's girlfriend, Lady Rainicorn. Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant Tree Trunks.[17][18] Jessica DiCicco voices Flame Princess, who becomes Finn's new romantic interest.[19][20] Season four also features the reappearance The Lich, the series principal antagonist. The Lich is portrayed by Ron Perlman.[21] The Adventure Time cast records their lines together in group recordings as opposed to different recording sessions with each voice actor. This is to record more natural sounding dialogue among the characters. Hynden Walch described these group recordings as like "doing a play reading – a really, really out there play."[22]

Several voices actors and actresses reprise their characters in this season. Andy Milonakis returns as N.E.P.T.R. in "Hot to the Touch" and "BMO Noire". Ron Lynch again voices Pig in "Dream of Love".[21] Martin Olson reprises his role as Hunson Abadeer in the two-parter episode "Return to the Nightosphere"/"Daddy's Little Monster".[23][24] Miguel Ferrer voices Death in "Sons of Mars". In the same episode, Ward voices Abraham Lincoln, a throw-back to the series' pilot episode.[23] Erik Estrada again voices the titular character in "King Worm". George Takei voices the anthropomorphic heart villain Ricardio in "Lady & Peebles".[21] Justin Roiland returns as the Earl of Lemongrab in "You Made Me!"; the episode would also see him voice Lemongrab's genetically created twin. Keith David once again voices the Flame King in "Ignition Point". Lou Ferrigno returns in "The Lich" to voice Billy.[23]

Emo Philips makes his debut as Cuber in the episode "Five Short Graybles"; his character would return in the fifth season.[21] Bobcat Goldthwait and Susie Essman voice the spider couple in "Web Weirdos".[21][23] Writer Graham Linehan's daughter appears as the titular character in "Goliad".[25] Donald Faison lends his voice to the character Baby-Snaps in "Princess Cookie".[21] Tom Gammill, Melissa Villasenor, Kenny, and Ferrer voice the four-headed deity Grob Gob Glob Grod in "Sons of Mars".[23] Matthew Broderick voices the Dream Warrior in "Who Would Win?".[26] Paul F. Tompkins appears as Furnius in "Ignition Point". Both Brian Doyle-Murray and Jonathan Katz lend their voices to the episode "The Hard Easy" as Prince Huge and the Mud Scamp elder, respectively.[23] Katz was originally supposed to voice a character in the previous season, but had to bow out due to a scheduling conflict.[4] Various other characters were voiced by voice acting veterans Dee Bradley Baker and Maria Bamford.[23]

Reception and release

Ratings

The season debuted on April 2, 2012, with the episode "Hot to the Touch". The episode was watched by 2.655 million viewers.[27] This marked a slight decrease from the third season premiere, which had been viewed by 2.686 million viewers.[28] The episode was number one among kids aged 2-11, 6-11, and 9-14, as well as boys aged 2-11, 6-11 and 9-14.[29] The twenty-third episode of the season, "The Hard Easy", was the 100th episode produced of the entire show, although it was the 101st aired.[30] It aired on October 1, 2012.[31] The season finale, "The Lich", aired on October 22, 2012, and was viewed by 2.589.[32] It ranked as the number one television episode in its timeslot among all kids aged 2-11, 6-11, and 9-14, and all boy demographics.[33]

Reviews and accolades

Mike LeChevallier of Slate magazine award the fourth season of the show four stars out of five[34] In the review, LeChevallier positively complimented the show for "growing up" with its characters, and that "the show's dialogue is among the best of any current animated series."[34] He concluded that the series possesses "strikingly few faults".[34] Season four was the first season that was reviewed by The A.V. Club; reviewer Oliver Sava wrote that in its fourth year, the show "transformed into a different beast" and that it was the show's "strongest season yet".[35][36] Each episode was graded by The A.V. Club with a different letter grade; the season received three "C" grade entries, eight "B" grade installments, and thirteen "A" grade episodes.[36]

Four of the season's episodes were nominated for Annie Awards. "Princess Cookie" was nominated Best Animated Television Production For Children, "The Hard Easy" was nominated for Design in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production, and "Lady & Peebles" and "Goliad" were both nominated Storyboarding in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production.[37][38][39] None of the episode managed to win, however.[40] The episode "Card Wars" won a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR Animation in Television.[41]

Home media

Warner Home Video released several DVDs, consisting of region 1 and region 2 formats; Jake vs. Me-Mow and Fionna and Cake were created for region 1 markets containing some episodes from the fourth season.[42][43] All DVD releases can be purchased on the Cartoon Network Shop, as well as on the iTunes Store and Amazon.com.[44][45][46]

Episodes

Season 4 began on April 2, 2012, and ended on October 22, 2012. It contains 26 episodes, 11-minute episodes.

No. in
series
No. in
season
Title Directed by Storyboarded by Original airdate Production
code[5]
Viewers
(in millions)
791"Hot to the Touch" (Part 2)Larry LeichliterCole Sanchez & Rebecca SugarApril 2, 2012 (2012-04-02)1008-0822.655[27]
802"Five Short Graybles"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler Page & Cole SanchezApril 9, 2012 (2012-04-09)1008-079
N/A
813"Web Weirdos"Larry LeichliterAko Castuera & Jesse MoynihanApril 16, 2012 (2012-04-16)1008-081
N/A
824"Dream of Love"Larry LeichliterBert Youn & Somvilay XayaphoneApril 23, 2012 (2012-04-23)1008-080
N/A
835"Return to the Nightosphere" (Part 1)Larry LeichliterAko Castuera & Jesse MoynihanApril 30, 2012 (2012-04-30)1008-085
N/A
846"Daddy's Little Monster" (Part 2)Larry LeichliterCole Sanchez & Rebecca SugarApril 30, 2012 (2012-04-30)1008-086
N/A
857"In Your Footsteps"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageMay 7, 2012 (2012-05-07)1008-083
N/A
868"Hug Wolf"Larry LeichliterBert Youn & Somvilay XayaphoneMay 14, 2012 (2012-05-14)1008-084
N/A
879"Princess Monster Wife"Larry LeichliterBert Youn & Somvilay XayaphoneMay 28, 2012 (2012-05-28)1008-088
N/A
8810"Goliad"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageJune 4, 2012 (2012-06-04)1008-087
N/A
8911"Beyond This Earthly Realm"Larry LeichliterJesse Moynihan & Ako CastueraJune 11, 2012 (2012-06-11)1008-089
N/A
9012"Gotcha!"Larry LeichliterRebecca Sugar & Cole SanchezJune 18, 2012 (2012-06-18)1008-0902.392[47]
9113"Princess Cookie"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageJune 25, 2012 (2012-06-25)1008-091
N/A
9214"Card Wars"Larry LeichliterSomvilay Xayaphone & Bert YounJuly 16, 2012 (2012-07-16)1008-092
N/A
9315"Sons of Mars"Larry LeichliterJesse Moynihan & Ako CastueraJuly 23, 2012 (2012-07-23)1010-093
N/A
9416"Burning Low"Larry LeichliterCole Sanchez & Rebecca SugarJuly 30, 2012 (2012-07-30)1011-0943.504[48]
9517"BMO Noire"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageAugust 6, 2012 (2012-08-06)1012-095
N/A
9618"King Worm"Larry LeichliterBert Youn & Somvilay Xayaphone & Steve WolfhardAugust 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)1013-096
N/A
9719"Lady & Peebles"Larry LeichliterCole Sanchez & Rebecca SugarAugust 20, 2012 (2012-08-20)1014-0982.754[49]
9820"You Made Me!"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Jesse MoynihanAugust 27, 2012 (2012-08-27)1015-099
N/A
9921"Who Would Win?"Larry LeichliterJesse Moynihan & Ako CastueraSeptember 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)1015-097
N/A
10022"Ignition Point"Larry LeichliterSomvilay Xayaphone & Bert YounSeptember 17, 2012 (2012-09-17)1008-1012.256[50]
10123"The Hard Easy"Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageOctober 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)1008-1002.643[31]
10224"Reign of Gunters"Larry LeichliterJesse Moynihan & Ako CastueraOctober 8, 2012 (2012-10-08)1008-102
N/A
10325"I Remember You"Larry LeichliterCole Sanchez & Rebecca SugarOctober 15, 2012 (2012-10-15)1009-1032.535[51]
10426"The Lich" (Part 1)Larry LeichliterTom Herpich & Skyler PageOctober 22, 2012 (October 22, 2012)1008-1042.589[32]

Notes

  1. ^ At the start of the first season, Finn is said to be 12 years old. However, as the series has progressed, he has aged in real-time. In season four, he is 14.[1]
  2. ^ Information taken from all twenty-six of the episodes' opening credits.

References

  1. ^ a b "Pendleton Ward, Part 2: More From the Adventure Time Creator". Newsarama. TechMediaNetwork, Inc. February 14, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2012. Cite error: The named reference "newsarama.com" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e f Anders, Charlie Jane (March 2, 2012). "Pendleton Ward Explains How He's Keeping Adventure Time Weird". io9. Gawker Media. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  3. ^ "The Beginning Of Wisdom Is To Call Things By Their Right Names". Fredeator. April 6, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  4. ^ a b Webb, Charles (April 28, 2011). "It's 'Adventure Time' With Series Creator Pendleton Ward". MTV Geek. MTV. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Shows A-Z, Adventure Time With FInn and Jake". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  6. ^ Graham, Bill (July 16, 2012). "Comic-Con: Adventure Time Panel Features Live Radio Play With Audio; A Brief Look At New Flame Princess Episode". Collider.com. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  7. ^ Ward, Pendleton (August 13, 2012). "A few scenes in tonight's Adventure Time take inspiration from YouTube poops". Twitter.com. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Sava, Oliver (July 23, 2012). "'Sons of Mars' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  9. ^ Moynihan, Jesse (July 20, 2012). "Adventure Time Update". JesseMoynihan.com. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  10. ^ Ewalt, David (November 15, 2011). "It's Adventure Time! Pendleton Ward Talks About His Hit Cartoon". Forbes. Forbes Inc. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  11. ^ McKendry, David (February 4, 2013). "Q&A: 'Adventure Time' Writer Dick Grunert". Fangoria. The Brooklyn Company, Inc. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
  12. ^ Ulloa, Alexander (2010). "Adventure Time (2010)". Art of the Title. Art of the Title, LLC. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  13. ^ Ristaino, Andy (February 18, 2013). "How exactly is the show animated?". Formspring. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  14. ^ a b Eddy, Max (July 20, 2012). "Inside the Fun Factory: An Elucidating Discussion with Pendleton Ward, the Creator of Adventure Time". Geekosystem. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  15. ^ Seidman, Robert (April 7, 2010). "Cartoon Network's "Adventure Time" Premieres Big; 13 Additional Episodes Ordered". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  16. ^ "TV Parental Control". Cartoon Network. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  17. ^ Livingston, Polly Lou (Actress). 2012. "Tree Trunks" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
  18. ^ Ward, Bettie (Artist). 2012. "Tree Trunks" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
  19. ^ "Flame Princess". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  20. ^ "Character Facts of the Week: Flame Princess from Adventure Time". CartoonNetwork.co.uk. May 26, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Stopera, Dave (2012). "25 Actors You Might Not Have Known Did Voices On 'Adventure Time'". BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  22. ^ "Adventure Time – Season 3 Comic-Con Exclusive: Hynden Walch". YouTube. August 8, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g "Adventure Time". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved January 14, 2013. Note: To reveal who voiced what character, one must click on the various characters under "Guest Stars" to reveal their voice actor or actress.
  24. ^ Dyess-Nugent, Phil (April 30, 2012). "'They Went to the Nightosphere'/'Daddy's Little Monster' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  25. ^ Handlen, Zack (June 4, 2012). "'Goliad' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  26. ^ Sands, Rich (August 21, 2012). "Exclusive: Matthew Broderick Guest Stars on Cartoon Network's Adventure Time". TV Guide. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  27. ^ a b "Cartoon Network's 'Adventure Time' Season 4 Premiere Tops Monday Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  28. ^ "Monday's Cable Ratings: 'Pawn Stars' Tops Heated Race". The Futon Critic. July 13, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  29. ^ Bibel, Sara (March 4, 2012). "Cartoon Network's 'Adventure Time' Season 4 Premiere Tops Monday Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  30. ^ Sava, Oliver (October 1, 2012). "'The Hard Easy' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  31. ^ a b "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Major Crimes', 'Warehouse 13', 'Switched at Birth', 'Alphas', 'WWE Raw', & More". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  32. ^ a b Kondolojy, Amanda (October 23, 2012). "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Triumphs + Presidential Debate Ratings, 'On The Record', 'Monday Night RAW', 'SportsCenter' & More". Television Without Pity. Zap2it. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  33. ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 23, 2012). "Ratings Notes for TNT, TBS, Adult Swim, Cartoon Network & TruTV: MLB, 'CONAN', 'Adventure Time', 'Regular Show', 'Robot Chicken', 'South Beach Tow' & More". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  34. ^ a b c LeChevallier, Mike (May 13, 2012). "Adventure Time: Season Four". Slate. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  35. ^ Sava, Oliver (October 22, 2012). "'The Lich' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  36. ^ a b "Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
  37. ^ Busis, Hillary (December 3, 2012). "2012 Annie Award Nominees, Honoring the Best in Animation, Announced". Entertainment Weekly. Time, Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  38. ^ "Annie Award Nominations Unveiled". Deadline.com. December 3, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  39. ^ King, Susan (December 3, 2012). "'Brave,' 'Wreck-It Ralph' Among Nominees for the Annie Awards". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  40. ^ "40th Annie Award Nominees and Winners List". The American News. Schurz Communications. February 3, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  41. ^ "2013 Golden Reel Award Winners & Nominees: Television". Motion Picture Sound Editors. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  42. ^ "Adventure Time: Jake Vs Me-Mow (2012)". Amazon.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  43. ^ "Adventure Time: Fionna & Cake 4". Amazon.com. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  44. ^ "Home » Adventure Time » DVDs". CartoonNetworkStore.com. Cartoon Network. Retrieved January 14, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  45. ^ "Adventure Time, Vol. 4". iTunes Store. Apple, Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  46. ^ "Adventure Time Season 4". Amazon.com. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  47. ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 19, 2012). "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Pawn Stars' + 'WWE Raw', 'American Pickers', 'Love and Hip Hop: Atlanta', 'Single Ladies' & 'Hardcore History'". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  48. ^ Bibel, Sara (August 7, 2012). "Cable Top 25: 'The Closer' Tops Cable Viewership For Week Ending August 6, 2012". Television Without Pity. Zap2it. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  49. ^ Bibel, Sara (August 21, 2012). "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Love and Hip Hop Atlanta' & Pre-Season Football Win Night, 'WWE Raw', 'Single Ladies','Major Crimes', 'Warehouse 13', 'Bunheads' & More". Television Without Pity. Zap2It. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  50. ^ "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'WWE Raw', 'Switched at Birth', 'Major Crimes', 'Bad Girls Club', 'Perception' & More". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. September 18, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  51. ^ "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Major Crimes', 'Switched at Birth', 'Alphas', 'T.I. and Tiny' & More". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. October 16, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.