Jump to content

Sun Myung Moon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Borovv (talk | contribs) at 03:12, 3 June 2013 (→‎Illness and death: pic). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Template:Korean name

Sun Myung Moon
Moon giving a public speech in Las Vegas, Nevada, April 4, 2010
Born
Mun Yong-myeong

(1920-02-25)25 February 1920
Jeong-ju, North P'yŏng'an, Japanese Korea
(now North Pyongan, North Korea)
Died3 September 2012(2012-09-03) (aged 92)
Gapyeong, South Korea
Alma materWaseda Technical High School affiliated with the University
Occupation(s)Religious leader, author, activist, media mogul
Known forFounder of Unification Church
Notable workExplanation of the Divine Principle
Criminal chargeWillfully filing false Federal income tax returns 26 U.S.C. § 7206, and conspiracy—under 18 U.S.C. § 371
Criminal penalty18-month sentence and a $15,000 fine
Spouse(s)Choi Sun-kil (1944–1953)
Hak Ja Han (1960–2012)
Children16
Korean name
Hangul
문선명
Hanja
Revised RomanizationMun Seon-myeong
McCune–ReischauerMun Sŏnmyŏng
Birth name
Hangul
문용명
Hanja
文龍明
Revised RomanizationMun Yong-myeong
McCune–ReischauerMun Yongmyŏng

Sun Myung Moon (Korean 문선명; born Mun Yong-myeong; 25 February 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader best known as the founder of the Unification Church and for his claim that he was a messiah.[1] He was also known as a media mogul and an anti-communist activist.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Moon and his wife Hak Ja Han often received media attention for presiding over the Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church, a mass wedding or marriage rededication ceremony which sometimes features thousands of participants.[8][9][10][11] By the time of Moon's death in 2012 the Unification Church and its affiliated organizations had expanded to most nations of the world.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Biography

Early life

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § Early life

Sun Myung Moon was born Mun Yong-myeong on 25 February 1920, in modern-day Sangsa-ri (上思里), Deogun-myon, Jeongju-gun, North P'yŏng'an Province, at a time when Korea was under Japanese rule (today it lies in North Korea). Moon's birthday was recorded as 6 January by the traditional lunar calendar (25 February 1920, according to the Gregorian Calendar).[19][20]

Moon's family followed traditional Confucianist beliefs. His family was bankrupted because the brother of his grandfather devoted all of his family's asset in the movement of independence from Japanese rule.[21] When he was around 10 years old, they converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian Church, where he taught Sunday school.[22] Moon studied at Waseda Technical High School affiliated with the University in Tokyo from April 1941 to September 1943,[23] when he graduated with a degree in electrical engineering.[24]

In November 1943, Moon married Sun Kil Choi. Their son, Sung Jin Moon, was born in 1946.[7]

After World War II and the Japanese occupation ended in 1945, Moon began preaching his message.[22] The beginnings of the church's official teachings, the Divine Principle, first saw written form in 1946. The book lays out the core of Unification theology and is held to have the status of scripture by believers,[25] estimated by the church to number from five to seven million people worldwide.[8][10][26][27]

Moon was arrested in 1946 by North Korean officials on allegations of spying for South Korea.[28][29] In 1948, he was given a five-year sentence to the Hŭngnam labor camp, where prisoners were routinely worked to death on short rations. After serving 34 months of his sentence, Moon escaped in 1950, during the Korean War, when United Nations troops advanced on the camp and the guards fled.[28]

Moon and Sun Kil Choi divorced in 1953. Today, Sun Kil Choi and her son are members of the Unification Church and have received the Blessing.[7] Moon fathered another child with another woman in 1954.[30][31][32]

Establishment of church and second marriage

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1950s and 1960s

Moon built his first church as a refugee in Busan before formally founding "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity" in Seoul on 1 May 1954. He published the foundation book of the Unification Church, Wolli Hesol, or Explanation of the Divine Principle, in 1957.[28]

Moon with his wife Hak Ja Han

Moon married his second wife, Hak Ja Han, on 11 April 1960, soon after she turned 17 years old, in a ceremony called the Holy Marriage. Han, called Mother or True Mother by followers, and her husband together are referred to as the True Parents by members of the Unification Church. Han gave birth to 14 children; her second daughter died in infancy. The family is known in the church as the True Family and the children as the True Children.[33]

In 1961 Moon established the Unification Church wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, known as the "Blessing." It is given to married (or engaged) couples. The first Blessing ceremony was held for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea. All the couples were members of the church. Rev. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[34][35]

Breakthrough into world fame

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1970s to 1990s

In the 1970s, Moon, who had seldom before spoken to the general public, gave a series of public speeches to audiences in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The largest were a rally in 1975 against North Korean aggression in Seoul and a speech at an event organized by the Unification Church in Washington D.C.[36] At the time, Moon was the best known Korean in the world.[37]

In 1971, Moon moved to the United States, which he had first visited in 1965. He remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea and maintained a residence in South Korea.[38] In 1972, Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[39][40] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[41][42] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference),[43] Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[44]

In 1975, Moon sponsored one of the largest peaceful gatherings in history (1.2 million people) in Yoido, South Korea. That same year, he sponsored a rally of 300,000 by the Washington Monument in Washington D.C.[45]

In the 1980s and beyond, Moon and the Unification Church remained a global phenomenon. Moon met with world leaders, endowed charitable foundations, and received plaudits from many quarters.

In 1982 The Washington Times was founded by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with Moon which also owns newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International.[46] Bo Hi Pak, Moon's chief aide, was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board.[47] The political views of The Washington Times are often described as conservative.[48][49][50] The Washington Times was a favorite read for President Ronald Reagan.[51]

In 1982, Moon sponsored the US$50 million movie Inchon about the Korean War.[52]

United States v. Sun Myung Moon

Main article: United States v. Sun Myung Moon

In 1982, Moon was convicted in the United States of filing false federal income tax returns and conspiracy. His conviction was upheld on appeal in a split decision. Moon was given an 18-month sentence and a $15,000 fine. He served 13 months of the sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury before being released on good behavior to a halfway house.[53]

The case was the center of national freedom of religion and free speech debates.[54] Prof. Laurence H. Tribe of the Harvard University Law School argued that the trial by jury had "doomed (Moon) to conviction based on religious prejudice."[55] The American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A, the National Council of Churches, the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference filed briefs in support of Moon.[56] Many notable clergy, including Jerry Falwell and Joseph Lowery, signed petitions protesting the government's case and spoke out in defense of Moon.[57][58]

Consolidation and expansion

Moon's influence spread further in the 2000s.

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 2000s and beyond

In 2000, Moon sponsored a United Nations conference which proposed the formation of "a religious assembly, or council of religious representatives, within the structure of the United Nations."[59] In the same year, he joined with Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan in sponsoring the Million Family March in Washington D.C., a follow-up event to the Million Man March held in 1995.[60]

In 2000, the International Educational Foundation, founded by Moon, opened an office in the Health Ministry of China in Beijing.[61]

On 12 September 2005, at the age of 85, Moon inaugurated the Universal Peace Federation with a 120-city world speaking tour.[62] At each city, Moon delivered his speech titled "God's Ideal Family – the Model for World Peace".

In April 2008, Moon appointed his youngest son Hyung Jin Moon to be the new leader of the Unification Church and the worldwide Unification Movement, saying, "I hope everyone helps him so that he may fulfill his duty as the successor of the True Parents."[63]

On 19 July 2008, Moon, Han, and fourteen others were slightly injured when their Sikorsky S-92 helicopter crashed during an emergency landing and burst into flames in Gapyeong.[64][65] Moon and all 15 others had survived the incident with minor injuries, and were treated at the nearby church-affiliated Cheongshim Hospital.[66]

In 2009, Moon's autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen (Korean: 평화를 사랑하는 세계인으로),[67] was published by Gimm-Young Publishers in South Korea. The book became a best-seller in Korea and Japan.[68][69][70][71]

Illness and death

File:Presenting the memoirs of Moon to Goodluck Jonathan, the President of Nigeria, at his home.jpg
Presenting the memoirs of Moon to Goodluck Jonathan, the President of Nigeria, at his home
File:Sun Myung Moon memoirs given to the President of Marshal Islands.jpg
Moon's memoirs presented to the President of the Marshall Islands Christopher Loeak
File:Sun Myung Moon memoirs given to the Speaker of Parliament of Marshal Islands.jpg
Moon's memoirs presented to the Speaker of the Parliament of the Marshall Islands Donald Capelle

On 14 August 2012, after suffering from pneumonia earlier in the month, Moon was admitted to St. Mary's Hospital at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul.[72] On 15 August 2012, he was reported to be gravely ill and was put on a respirator at the intensive care unit of St. Mary’s Hospital.[73] On 31 August 2012, Moon was transferred to a church-owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong, northeast of Seoul,[1] after suffering multiple organ failure.[74] Moon died on the morning of 3 September 2012 (1:54 am KST) at the age of 92.[75]

Unification Church

Main article: Unification Church

Moon formally founded the Unification Church in Seoul on 1 May 1954, calling it "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity." The church expanded rapidly in South Korea and by the end of 1955 had 30 church centers throughout the nation. In 1958, Moon sent missionaries to Japan, and in 1959, to America. By 1971, the Unification Church of the United States had about 500 members. By 1973, the church had some presence in all 50 states and a few thousand members.[28] Missionaries were also sent to Europe. The church entered Czechoslovakia in 1968 and remained underground until the 1990s.[76] In 1975, Moon sent out missionaries to 120 countries to spread the Unification Church around the world and also in part, he said, to act as "lightning rods" to receive "persecution." Unification Church activity in South America began in the 1970s with missionary work.[77]

In the next few decades it expanded to most nations of the world and now claims to have five to seven million members.[15][8][10][26] By 2010, Moon had given much of the responsibility for the Unification Church's religious and business activities to their children, who were then in their 30s and 40s.[78]

Blessing ceremonies

Main article: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church

In 1961, Moon established the Unification Church wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, known as the "Blessing" which is given to married (or engaged) couples. The first blessing ceremony was held for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea by the Moons shortly after their own marriage in 1960. All the couples were members of the church. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[79][80] Even larger wedding blessings followed. In 1992, Moon gave the wedding blessing for 30,000 couples at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.[81] Three years later he did it again for 360,000 couples,[82] and in 2009, Moon presided over a Blessing ceremony for 40,000 people on the campus of the Sunmoon University; the ceremony was supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea.[83]

In 1986, the psychiatrist Marc Galanter reported that "Moon`s marriages proved to be happy."[84] Another long-run research by psychologist Robert Epstein concluded that "arranged marriage in the Unification Church works as well as arranged marriages in other cultures and certainly far better on average than mainstream marriages in the United States".[85] According to USA Today, "Moon teaches that romantic love leads to sexual promiscuity, mismatched couples and dysfunctional societies".[86][87]

Politics

Main article: Unification Church political activities

In the 1950s, Moon was a supporter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy, an international anti-communist organization based in Taiwan. According to the author Amber K, Moon had been loved much by Rockefellers and gained support from them.[88] On 1 February 1974, President Richard Nixon publicly thanked a Unification Church-related pro-Nixon campaign and officially received Moon.[89]

In 1980, Moon asked church members to found CAUSA International as an anti-communist educational organization, based in New York.[90] In the 1980s, it was active in 21 countries. In the United States it sponsored educational conferences for Christian leaders[91] as well as seminars and conferences for Senate staffers and other activists.[92] In 1986, it produced the anti-communist documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home.[93]

In Washington, D.C., Moon found common ground with strongly anti-communist leaders of the 1980s, including United States President Ronald Reagan. His international media conglomerate News World Communications founded The Washington Times in 1982. By 1991, Moon said he spent about $1 billion on the paper[94] (by 2002 roughly $1.7 billion),[95] which he called "the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world".[96]

In August 1985, seven years before the fall of Soviet Union, the Professors World Peace Academy, an organization founded by Moon, sponsored a conference in Geneva to debate the theme "The situation in the world after the fall of the communist empire."[97] In April 1990, Moon visited the Soviet Union and met with President Mikhail Gorbachev. Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations under way in the Soviet Union. At the same time the Unification Church was expanding into formerly communist nations.[98] In 1991, he met with Kim Il Sung, the North Korean President, to discuss ways to achieve peace on the Korean peninsula, as well as on international relations, tourism, etc.[99]

In 1994, Moon was officially invited to the funeral of Kim Il Sung, in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between North Korea and South Korea.[100] Later on, in 2011, after the death of Kim Jong-il his youngest son laid a wreath to Kim in Pyongyang.[101]

Since 2000, Moon has promoted the creation of an interreligious council at the United Nations as a check and balance to its political-only structure.[102][103] Since then King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and King Juan Carlos of Spain hosted officially a program to promote the proposal.[104] Moon's Universal Peace Federation is in special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council[105][106] and a member of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development,[107][108] a member of the United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights,[109][110] a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council,[111][112][113] a member of the UNHRC,[114][115] a member of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.[116] Three of Moon's NGOs—Universal Peace Federation, Women's Federation for World Peace and Service for Peace—are in consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[105][106]

Moon founded the Family Party for Universal Peace and Unity in different countries.[117] Thus, Ek Nath Dhakal, a Member of Parliament (MP) from the party is a member of the Unification Movement and leader of the Nepalese chapter of the Universal Peace Federation.[118] Official events have periodically been held in honor of Sun Myung Moon in the municipalities of Korea.[119] Moon's projects have been lobbied in the National Congress of Brazil by Brazilian MPs.[120][121][122] Formerly, U.S. Presidents Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon were "honorary" presidents or directors of Moon's Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation,[123] and former United States Secretary of the Treasury Robert B. Anderson was Moon's consultant.[124] Moon have been held the dialogues between the members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives.[125]

Business interests

Main article: Unification Church business activities

The Unification Church's business holdings include the UPI, The Washington Times,[126] and the Tongil Group, one of the largest South Korean business groups or chaebol with business interests world-wide. The church is the largest owner of U.S. sushi restaurants and in the Kodiak region of Alaska, it is the area's largest employer.[127][128] The church owns the only automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea, Pyeonghwa Motors, and is the second largest exporter of Korean goods.[129][130][131][132]

In 1989, Moon became the largest foreign investor in China[133][134] In 1989, Moon founded Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma,[135] the most successful soccer club in Korean football, having won a record 7 league titles, 2 FA Cups, 3 League Cups, and 2 AFC Champions League titles.

In the 1990s, Moon's ownership of major business enterprises, including The Washington Times, the United Press International, and Pyeonghwa Motors was noted in the media. A small sampling of Moon's possessions included computers and religious icons in Japan, seafood in Alaska and ginseng in Korea, huge tracts of land in South America, a recording studio and travel agency in Manhattan, a horse farm in Texas, and a golf course in California.[136]

In 2004, Moon held an opening ceremony of the largest helicopter manufacturer in Asia, with 500 VIPs participating, namely Washington Times Aviation; the company produces Sikorsky helicopters on sub-contract basis.[137] Moon traveled worldwide in his private jet which cost $50 million,[138][139] The same year, Moon launched $ 1.5-billion construction project of 70-story twin skyscrapers in Seoul;[140] a year later he bought an area of 46,000 m² in Seoul for the construction of skyscrapers.[141] Currently the project is under construction and scheduled to be completed by 2013.[142]

In 2011, construction of $18 million Yeosu Expo Hotel was completed; the hotel located at Moon-owned The Ocean Resort in Yeosu, the venue of the Expo 2012.[143] The opening ceremony was attended by the governor of the relevant province.[143][144] Another one, The Ocean Hotel, was completed in February 2012.[145] Moon-owned Yeongpyeong Resort, The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort are scheduled to host the Expo 2012,[146][147] 2018 Winter Olympics[148][149] and Formula 1.[150] Moon also managed the FIFA-accredited Peace Cup.[151] FIFA itself has funded more than $2m for Peace Cup since 2003.[152]

Honorary degrees and other recognition

Moon held honorary degrees from more than ten universities and colleges worldwide;[153][154][155] at least one of which, the University of Bridgeport, received significant funding from his organizations.[156] He was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[157] In 1985, Moon and his wife received Doctor of Divinity degrees from Shaw University.[158]

In 2004, at a ceremony on 23 March in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, in Washington, D.C., Moon crowned himself with what he called the "Crown of Peace", in the presence of numerous U.S. representatives. Some lawmakers who attended subsequently said they had been misled as to the nature of the event.[159][160]

Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's National Reunification Prize in 2012[161] and a meritorious award by K-League.[162][163] In 2013, Zimbabwean Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai stated: "I remain greatly inspired by people like Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon, whose work and life across continents continue to impact positively on the lives of millions of others in the world."[164]

Other activities

Science

Main article: Unification Church and science

Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[7][40] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[165][166] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference)[40] and Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[44] Some of his scientific views were unconventional; for instance, he held that race was determined environmentally: "If you black leaders went to live in the North Pole, you would become white after a few generations."[167]

Dance

In 1962, Moon and other church members founded the Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea, a children's dance troop which presents traditional Korean folk dances. He said that this was to project a positive image of South Korea to the world.[168] In 1990, Moon founded the $8-million Universal Ballet project, with Soviet-born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Julia Moon as its prima ballerina. It was described by The New York Times as the top Asian ballet company.[169]

References

  1. ^ a b Brown, Emma (2 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; Washington Times owner led the Unification Church". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  2. ^ "Andrew Kreig, Helen Thomas Denounces DC". Opednews.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  3. ^ Fisher, Marc, and Jeff Leen Stymied in U.S., Moon’s Church Sounds a Retreat, Washington Post, 24 November 1997.
  4. ^ Yuki Noguchi "Washington Times Owner Buys UPI", Washington Post, 16 May 2000.
  5. ^ "길은 몇개인가?(13):사실 그 자체 -매스타임즈". Mest.kr. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  6. ^ May 2003 People & Events. "Sun Myung Moon forms new political party to merge". Au.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c d Introvigne, Massimo, The Unification Church: Studies in Contemporary Religion (excerpt from Chapter 2), (2000, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah) ISBN 1-56085-145-7.
  8. ^ a b c Chicago Tribune http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/sns-rt-us-korea-weddingbre82n06o-20120324,0,3454978.story. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[dead link]
  9. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. 24 March 2012.
  10. ^ a b c Gayle, Damien. "2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony". Daily Mail. London.
  11. ^ "Thousands Join Moon Mass Wedding, news.yahoo.com". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  12. ^ Chicago Tribune http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/sns-rt-us-korea-weddingbre82n06o-20120324,0,3454978.story. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. 24 March 2012.
  14. ^ Gayle, Damien. "2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony". Daily Mail. London.
  15. ^ a b "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea – Yahoo! News Maktoob". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  16. ^ Email Us. "'Moonies' founder dies, aged 92 - The Irish Times - Mon, Sep 03, 2012". The Irish Times. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  17. ^ Hyung-Jin Kim (2 September 2012). "Unification Church founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon dies at 92". USA Today. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  18. ^ "Kbs News". News.kbs.co.kr. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  19. ^ From online New World Encyclopedia article.
  20. ^ Reverend Sun Myung Moon birthplace, Wikimapia
  21. ^ Sun Myung, Moon, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen, (2009, Gimm-Young Publishers, Inc. Seoul, Korea.) ISBN 978-1-930549-45-8
  22. ^ a b Unification Church: Mass Moonie Marriage in the US, BBC News, Saturday, 29 November 1997.
  23. ^ Publishgon-Life/SunMyungMoon-Life-05.htm "Sun Myung Moon - His life in his own words". Tparents.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  24. ^ From online [1].
  25. ^ Korean Moon: Waxing of Waning?, Leo Sandon Jr., Theology Today, Vol 35, No 2, July 1978
  26. ^ a b "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. 24 March 2012.
  27. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea - Yahoo! News Maktoob". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  28. ^ a b c d Introvigne, 2000
  29. ^ Kim, Hyung-Jin (3 September 2012). "Rev. Sun Myung Moon, known for mass weddings, dies". Denver Post.
  30. ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (2 September 2012). "Rev. Sun Myung Moon, 92, Unification Church Founder, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  31. ^ Woo, Elaine (3 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; led controversial Unification Church". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  32. ^ Brown, Emma (4 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; Washington Times owner led the Unification Church". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  33. ^ Cowan, Douglas E. (2007). Cults and New Religions: A Brief History (Blackwell Brief Histories of Religion). Blackwell Pub. pp. 96, 103. ISBN 1405161272. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ Duddy, Neil "Interview: Dr. Mose Durst"
  35. ^ Marriage by the numbers; Moon presides as 6,500 couples wed in S. Korea Peter Maass Washington Post 31 October 1988.
  36. ^ "Moon Festival Draws 50,000 to Monument", Washington Post, 19 September 1976.
  37. ^ "Moon Sun-myung: son of the broken-hearted God". Korea Times. Koreatimes.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  38. ^ "Image of Moon's arrival" (JPG). Retrieved 29 April 2006.
  39. ^ excerpt The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Massimo Introvigne, 2000, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  40. ^ a b c Kety Quits Moon-Linked ICF Conference Harvard Crimson, 10 August 1976. Cite error: The named reference "crimson" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  41. ^ ICUS Statement of Purpose
  42. ^ Church Spends Millions On Its Image Washington Post. 17 September 1984
  43. ^ Kety Quits Moon-linked ICF Conference, Harvard Crimson
  44. ^ a b Eugene Paul Wigner Papers Princeton University Library
  45. ^ Richard Quebedeaux, Lifestyle : Conversations with Members of Unification Church. Books.google.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  46. ^ "Sun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington". New York Times. 18 May 1982.
  47. ^ Pak was founding president of the Washington Times Corporation (1982-1992), and founding chairman of the board. Bo Hi Pak, Appendix B: Brief Chronology of the Life of Dr. Bo Hi Pak, in Messiah: My Testimony to Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Vol I by Bo Hi Pak (2000), Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  48. ^ Hall, Mimi (22 March 2001). "Bush, aides boost access of conservative media". USA Today. Retrieved 25 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ^ Glaberson, William (27 June 1994). "The Media Business; Conservative Daily Tries to Expand National Niche". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 July 2009. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  50. ^ New business models for news are not that new, Nikki Usher, Knight Digital Media Center, 2008-12-17, "And the Washington Times' conservative stance pursues its agenda from the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church."
  51. ^ "As the Rev. Moon goes, so goes the Washington Times?". Washington Post. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ Kempley, Rita (17 September 1982). "Mooning Over MacArthur". Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. p. Weekend At The Movies; Pg. 13.
  53. ^ Moon's Japanese Profits Bolster Efforts in U.S., Washington Post, 16 September 2008.
  54. ^ "Clerics Urge Pardon For Rev. Moon". Chicago Tribune. 21 August 1985.
  55. ^ "THE CITY; Arguments Heard In Moon's Appeal". The New York Times. 24 March 1983.
  56. ^ Raspberry, William, "Did Unpopular Moonie Get a Fair Trial?", Washington Post, 19 April 1984
  57. ^ "The Unification Church Aims a Major Public Relations Effort at Christian Leaders", Christianity Today, 19 April 1985.
  58. ^ Moon's financial rise and fall, Harvard Crimson, 11 October 1984.
  59. ^ International religious summit at U.N. receives criticism, Baptist Press, 28 August 2000.
  60. ^ Million Family March reaches out to all[dead link]
  61. ^ By ELISABETH ROSENTHALPublished: 12 September 2000 (12 September 2000). "Group Founded by Sun Myung Moon Preaches Sexual Abstinence in China — New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  62. ^ "Family Federation for World Peace and Unification of U.S.A". Retrieved 29 April 2006.
  63. ^ Son of Moonies founder takes over as church leader The Guardian, 28 April 2008
  64. ^ Schwarz, Alan (22 February 2009). "iht.com/articles, Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon released from hospital after helicopter crash". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  65. ^ "Account of crash by the Moons' youngest son". Tworiversvip.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  66. ^ Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon, 15 others injured in helicopter crash Herald Tribune, 19 July 2008
  67. ^ "네이버 책 :: 네이버는 책을 사랑합니다". naver.com. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  68. ^ "문선명 자서전, 전국 목회자에 발송". Newspower.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  69. ^ "문선명 총재 자서전 100만부 돌파". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  70. ^ "신경숙 소설 3위로 상승". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  71. ^ "덕혜옹주 4주 연속 1위". 4000news.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  72. ^ Yoon, Sangwon (15 August 2012). "Unification Church Says Leader Moon Is 'Gravely Ill'". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  73. ^ 5:33PM BST 3 September 2012 (3 September 2012). "The Rev Sun Myung Moon". Telegraph. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  74. ^ "Sun Myung Moon illness 'irreversible': Unification Church". The Raw Story. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  75. ^ "The Rev. Sun Myung Moon, founder of The Times, dies at 92", Washington Times, 09/02/2012.
  76. ^ Czechs, Now 'Naively' Seeking Direction, See Dangers in Cults, New York Times, 14 February 1996
  77. ^ Unification Church Gains Respect in Latin America, New York Times, 24 November 1996
  78. ^ Sons Rise in a Moon Shadow, Forbes, 12 April 2010
  79. ^ "Duddy, Neil Interview: Dr. Mose Durst". Dci.dk. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  80. ^ Marriage by the numbers; Moon presides as 6,500 couples wed in S. Korea Peter Maass Washington Post 31 October 1988
  81. ^ Bak Byeong Ryong "Unification Church believers around the world three manyeossang joint wedding", MBCNews, 25 August 1992.
  82. ^ "'통일교 신자 납치·감금'...배후는? SBS News" (in Template:Ko icon). News.sbs.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  83. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (South Korea)". Gbr.mofat.go.kr. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  84. ^ Van, Jon (26 October 1986). "Moon's Marriages Prove To Be Happy". Chicago Tribune.
  85. ^ By KARRIS GOLDEN For the Courier (20 April 2012). "Unification Church Arranged Marriages Surprisingly Strong". Wcfcourier.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  86. ^ Does love last longer in arranged marriages? Daniel Burke, USA Today
  87. ^ "Unificationists tout arranged marriage". Mysanantonio.com. 25 May 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  88. ^ Covens, Circles, & Groves by Amber K
  89. ^ Nixon Archives Governmental Library
  90. ^ "Moon's 'Cause' Takes Aim At Communism in Americas", Washington Post, 28 August 1983.
  91. ^ Sun Myung Moon's Followers Recruit Christians to Assist in Battle Against Communism Christianity Today 15 June 1985
  92. ^ Church Spends Millions On Its Image, Washington Post, 1984-09-17. "Another church political arm, Causa International, which preaches a philosophy it calls "God-ism," has been spending millions of dollars on expense-paid seminars and conferences for Senate staffers, Hispanic Americans and conservative activists. It also has contributed $500,000 to finance an anticommunist lobbying campaign headed by John T. (Terry) Dolan, chairman of the National Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC)."
  93. ^ Public TV Tilts Toward Conservatives, Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting "While conservatives dismiss Bill Moyers' world-class documentaries on our constitutional checks and balances as "propaganda," they never mention PBS's airing of unabashed right-wing agitprop films such as Nicaragua Was Our Home (the pro-contra film produced by Rev. Sun Myung Moon's CAUSA, which funded the contras after Congress' ban)...."
  94. ^ "Literally nine hundred million to one billion dollars has been spent to activate and run the Washington Times" -Sun Myung Moon, "True Family and True Universe centering on True Love", Founder's Address, 15th Anniversary of The Washington Times, 16 June 1997, Washington, DC.
  95. ^ Ahrens, Frank, "Moon Speech Raises Old Ghosts as the Times Turns 20", Washington Post, 23 May 2002. "As of this year, Moon and his businesses have plowed about $1.7 billion into subsidizing the Times, say current and former employees."
  96. ^ Chinni, Dante (2002). "The Other Paper: The Washington Times's role". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 19 April 2006. Retrieved 29 April 2006.
  97. ^ Projections about a post-Soviet world-twenty-five years later. // Goliath Business News
  98. ^ EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; New Flock for Moon Church: The Changing Soviet Student from The New York Times
  99. ^ At Time of Change for Rev. Moon Church, a Return to Tradition // The New York Times, 14 October 2009
  100. ^ "mk 뉴스 — 金장례식에 日여자마술사 초청한 까닭". News.mk.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  101. ^ "N. Korean heir called 'supreme leader' —". Usatoday.com. 24 December 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  102. ^ "Universal Peace Federation". Biztechreport.com. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  103. ^ "Quotes//Spirituality//Moon". Crossroad.to. 21 September 2001. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  104. ^ "Inter Press Service". Ipsnews.net. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  105. ^ a b "Etpu" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  106. ^ a b James, Barry (15 August 2002). "The expanding reach of nongovernment aid". The New York Times.
  107. ^ "un.org" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  108. ^ "un.org". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  109. ^ "un.org" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  110. ^ "un.org". Unispal.un.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  111. ^ "un.org". un.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  112. ^ "un.org". un.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  113. ^ "un.org". un.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  114. ^ "un.org". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  115. ^ "unhcr.org". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  116. ^ "search "IIFWP": this is a former name of Universal Peace Federation un.org". Docs.google.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  117. ^ "Sun Myung Moon forms new political party to merge divided Koreas". Findarticles.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  118. ^ Fresh Blast of Family Party in Nepal, The Segye Times, 3 April 2008.
  119. ^ Governmental news web-page of Tongyeong City, Republic of Korea
  120. ^ "Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  121. ^ "Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  122. ^ "Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  123. ^ "Korean denies influence peddling". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  124. ^ Pace, Eric (16 August 1989). "ROBERT B. ANDERSON, EX-TREASURY CHIEF, DIES AT 79". The New York Times.
  125. ^ Ghouse, Mike (21 February 2012). "Commitment to Israel-Palestine, Part 2". Huffington Post.
  126. ^ Around The Nation; Sun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington from The New York Times
  127. ^ Eng, Monica, Delroy Alexander and David Jackson "Sushi and Rev. Moon: How Americans' growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church", Chicago Tribune, 11 April 2006.
  128. ^ "Tooth and Claw | CAA". Alumni.berkeley.edu. 27 June 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  129. ^ "usaid.gov" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  130. ^ Kirk, Donald, No, Not Yet.Palaver in Pyongyang doesn’t signal a northern manufacturing itch from Korea’s conglomerates., Forbes, 29 October 2007.
  131. ^ Demick, Barbara, "Who gave N. Korea those power tools?", Los Angeles Times, 27 September 2008.
  132. ^ "National News Briefs; Unification Church Head Charged in Fishing Case". The New York Times. 31 August 2000.
  133. ^ "Panda Motor Gets Cash". Chicago Tribune. 3 December 1989.
  134. ^ "China". Los Angeles Times. 15 July 1991.
  135. ^ CNN, Soccer World News//World Roundup
  136. ^ Fisher, Marc, and Jeff Leen, "A Church in Flux Is Flush With Cash", Washington Post, 23 November 1997.
  137. ^ "Governmental web-page of the Republic of Korea". Sil.gjcity.go.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  138. ^ "통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로". Aspire7.net. Retrieved 9 October 2012. Template:Ko icon
  139. ^ "통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로". Happyhindol.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  140. ^ "주간조선 — 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴". Weekly1.chosun.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  141. ^ "'파크원 분쟁' 통일교재단, 前이사장 배임 고소 | 연합뉴스" (in Template:Ko icon). Yonhapnews.co.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  142. ^ "JoongAng Ilbo Tablet edition" (in Template:Ko icon). P.joongang.co.kr. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  143. ^ a b "여수 거문도에 관광호텔 준공". News.jeonnam.go.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  144. ^ "Yeosoo EXPO Hotel". Maiarc.com. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  145. ^ "도정활동25시 > 현장스케치". English.jeonnam.go.kr. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  146. ^ "Governmental webpage of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea". News.jeju.go.kr. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  147. ^ CJ News
  148. ^ "Finance Today". Fntoday.co.kr. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  149. ^ "2018 Winter Olympics". cupress.com. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  150. ^ Governmental web-page of Jeonnam City
  151. ^ Football. "West Ham turn their attention to Baros". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  152. ^ Governmental web-page of Daegu City
  153. ^ Moon Gets Honorary Degree From Argentine at the U.N. / New York Times, 17 November 1984
  154. ^ "학교법인 선문학원, 제7대 한학자 이사장 취임 : 대학뉴스 : 사회 : 뉴스 : 한겨레". Hani.co.kr. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  155. ^ "Мир Религий // Досье // Мун Сон Мён". Religio.ru. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  156. ^ Wakin, Daniel (2 September 2012). "Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Self-Proclaimed Messiah Who Built Religious Movement, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  157. ^ "Ministry of Unification of the Republic of Korea, official webpage". Unikorea.go.kr. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  158. ^ "Around The Nation: Divinity School Awards Moon Honorary Degree". The New York Times. 13 May 1985.
  159. ^ Babington, Charles (2004). "The Rev. Moon Honored at Hill Reception – Lawmakers Say They Were Misled". Washington Post: A01. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  160. ^ "Lawmakers Scurry From the Light". New York Times. 27 June 2004.
  161. ^ "Moon Sun Myung Awarded National Reunification Prize", Korean Central News Agency, 7 September 2012, retrieved 13 September 2012
  162. ^ 데얀, K리그 MVP..감독상은 최용수 '서울 천하'(종합)
  163. ^ '축구로 세계평화를…' 고(故) 문선명 통일교 총재, K리그 공로패
  164. ^ FULL TEXT: Tsvangirai Speech In South Korea. By Staff Reporter. Published: 25 February 2013
  165. ^ "ICUS Statement of Purpose". Icus.org. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  166. ^ "Church Spends Millions On Its Image", Washington Post, 17 September 1984.
  167. ^ Sun Myung Moon Crowned 'King Of America' At U.S. Senate Building | AU.org
  168. ^ Sewell first=Rhonda B. (28 February 2003). "Korean Culture Takes the Stage". The Blade. p. D11. The colors, sounds, and heritage of South Korea will come alive tonight as the Little Angels, an all-girls Korean folk ballet company, performs in the Ritz Theatre in Tiffin.... The company was founded in 1962 by the Rev. Sun Myung Moon and his wife, Hak Ja Han, as a way to project a positive image of the country.... {{cite news}}: Missing pipe in: |last= (help)
  169. ^ Robertson, Allen (29 July 2001). "DANCE; A Small Place Reaches for Ballet's Big Time". The New York Times.

Further reading

  • Bjornstad, James (1984). Sun Myung & the Unification Church. Rev. ed. Minneapolis, Minn.: Bethany House Publishers. 57 p. N.B.: Rev. ed. of The Moon Is Not the Sun, which had been published in 1976. ISBN 0-87123-301-0
  • Chryssides, George D., The Advent of Sun Myung Moon: The Origins, Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church (1991) London, Macmillan Professional and Academic Ltd.
  • Durst, Mose. 1984. To bigotry, no sanction: Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Chicago: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-609-5
  • Fichter, Joseph Henry. 1985. The holy family of father Moon. Kansas City, Mo: Leaven Press. ISBN 978-0-934134-13-2
  • Gullery, Jonathan. 1986. The Path of a pioneer: the early days of Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. New York: HSA Publications. ISBN 978-0-910621-50-2
  • Hong, Nansook, 1998, In the Shadow of the Moons, Boston, Little, Brown and Company ISBN 0-316-34816-3
  • Introvigne, M., 2000, The Unification Church, Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  • Moon, Sun Myung, 2009, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen. Gimm-Young Publishers ISBN 071660299
  • Peemoeller, Gehard, 2011, Bodyguard for Christ, Independent Publisher Services, ISBN 1450764398
  • Sherwood, Carlton. 1991. Inquisition : The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-532-6
  • Sontag, Frederick. 1977. Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Nashville, Tenn: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-40622-7
  • Tingle, D. and Fordyce, R. 1979, Phases and Faces of the Moon: A Critical Examination of the Unification Church and its Principles, Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press ISBN 0-682-49264-7
  • Ward, Thomas J. 2006. March to Moscow: the role of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon in the collapse of communism. St. Paul, Minn: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-885118-16-5
  • Yamamoto, J. Isamu, 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0-310-70381-6
Wikiquote has quotations related to Sun Myung Moon.

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_Myung_Moon&oldid=558070073"