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Blue Whale Challenge

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The Blue Whale Game ([Синий кит, Siniy kit] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is an Internet urban legend[1] first mentioned in Russia in 2013. It is allegedly an existing game which consists of a series of tasks assigned to players by administrators during a 50-day period, with the final challenge requiring the player to commit suicide.[2] It was first run by teenagers as a joke, linked by them with real suicide cases, but became popular among teenagers in 2016 after a journalist with a loose understanding of Internet culture published an article which caused moral panic in Russian society and listed (questionably) real victims.[3] If not suicides, where the so-called "game" was reported as real in suggestive TV reports and newspaper articles, the news caused at least emulations and false alarms - as in Italy. Where the hoax has been debunked with timely explanations, there has been no harm - as in Bulgaria.

The term "Blue Whale" comes from the phenomenon of beached whales, which is likened to suicide. While the phenomenon has received significant media attention, very little reliable evidence is available for either the game's existence or its role in any of several well published child and teenage suicides or acts of self-harm.[4] There have been photos of self-cutting wounds shared on social media alongside the game's hashtags.[5]

Overview

The game is based in the relationship between the challengers (also called players or participants) and the administrators.[6][7] It involves a series of duties given by the administrators that players must complete, usually one per day, some of which involve self-mutilation.[8][9] Some tasks can be given in advance, while others can be passed on by the administrators on the day, the last task being suicide.[10][11]

The list of tasks to be completed in 50 days, ranged from waking up at 4:20am to climbing a crane, listening to music and watching videos sent to them by the administrator. One music video, originally for Norwegian singer Emilie Nicolas' upbeat song "Pstereo" (filmed in Scotland), has been dubbed by the administrator and set to BENY's hauntingly somber remix of Australian singer Sarah Blasko's country-folkish song "All I Want" (video filmed in Victoria, Australia). As a result of this manipulation by the administrator, countless unknowing teens have been misled and influenced by his manufactured mood of melancholy and depression, distorting reality for the game's impressionable young players.[12]

Philipp Budeikin, a former psychology student who was expelled from his university, claimed that he invented the game. Budeikin stated that his purpose was to "clean" the society by pushing to suicide those he deemed as having no value.[13][14][15][16][17] Blue Whale began in 2013 with "F57", one of the names of the so-called "death group" of the VKontakte social network.[18] It is believed that the first case of suicide related to the game occurred in 2015 in Russia.[8][19]

The phenomenon has provided fodder for conspiracy theorists, some of whom claim it is an organized campaign run by Ukrainian nationalists.[20]

Events

Argentina

In San Juan Province, Argentina, a 14-year-old boy was admitted to intensive care after participating in Blue Whale.[21][22][23][24]

In La Plata, the grandparents of a 12-year-old girl complained to a police station and expressed concern that she had wounded her arm with a sharp object due to Blue Whale.[25][26][27]

Brazil

In Brazil, the game left victims in Mato Grosso,[28][29][30] and in the cities of Uberlândia,[31] Manhuaçu,[32][33][34] Pará de Minas and Belo Horizonte, in Minas Gerais,[35][36][37] as well as in Feira de Santana, Bahia.[38][39][40][41] In Juazeiro, also in Bahia, a girl supposedly disappeared because of the game.[42] In Rio de Janeiro a mother managed to prevent the suicide of her daughter who played Blue Whale.[43] In the state of Paraná, the game made another victim in Florestópolis.[44][45][46][47] In Maceió, Deputy Pastor João Luiz (Christian Social Party) reported in the Legislative Assembly of Alagoas that his niece practiced suicide under the influence of the game.[48][49]

In Paulista (Pernambuco), a girl gave testimony after being threatened in the challenge of the Blue Whale,[50][51][52] and in Recife a 19-year-old girl got to the penultimate stage of the game.[53][54] Also a 15-year-old student living in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho in the Recife metropolitan area was found by a man when she was on the parapet of the Buarque de Macedo Bridge in Recife, to jump from it.[55] With several cuts on her arms, including one in the shape of a whale, she would be trying to complete the last phase of the challenge.[56][57]

In the state of São Paulo, in the capital, the couple of lovers Luis Fernando Hauy Kafrune and Kaena Novaes Maciel, aged 19 and 18 respectively, stayed at Maksoud Plaza, a luxury hotel in the region of the Paulista Avenue, and hours later, Luis killed Kaena with a bullet in the head and committed suicide. Authorities link this crime with Blue Whale.[58][59][60] A 17-year-old boy from Bauru, a town from São Paulo, wrote on Facebook "A culpa é da baleia" ("Blame it on the whale") minutes before attempting to jump an overpass,[58] being saved by firefighters.[61][62][63][64]

In the Federal District, on May 5, 2017, four hearing impaired adolescents playing Blue Whale were prevented by the Military Police from committing suicide.[65][66][66] In Estrela (Rio Grande do Sul) a mother avoided the suicide of her daughter, who played Blue Whale.[67][68]

In Teófilo Otoni, in the region of Vale do Mucuri, Minas Gerais, a 17-year-old female participant of Blue Whale jumped from the six-meter wall of the property where she lives with her family.[69][70] The young woman was rescued immediately and was hospitalized in the city hospital.[71] The teenager told the police that she had already cut her arms because of the game and that she had been given the challenge of taking her own life.[72][73][74]

In Paraíba, police identified 20 young people involved with the game.[10] In Pernambuco, seven.[75][76][77][78] Altogether, seven Brazilian states had cases of suicide and mutilation under suspicion of connection with the game.[79][80][81][82]

Bulgaria

The first news about Blue Whale appeared in mid-February 2017. The emergency was faced by the Safer Internet Centre, established under the Safer Internet plus Programme of the European Commission when "this sensationalistic story was inflated by a number of our clickbait websites creating a wave of panic among parents", as the Centre Coordinator Georgi Apostolov reported. "We decided not to initiate contact directly with the media since this would attract additional interest and could mislead the public into believing the story to be somehow true. As the hype was magnified by thousands sharing the story on the social networks, we just published a warning on our website and spread the link in comments under all shared in Facebook articles and posts. Then the mainstream media themselves started asking us for interviews and quoting our conclusions that it evidently was a hoax."[1] Two discussion groups about suicides were opened on Facebook, but quickly reported and deleted. The diffusion of the viral new was stopped within two weeks. Later, when a sensationalistic piece in the Romanian newspaper Gandul caused five more articles in Bulgaria reporting the challenge as real, media again circulated SIC's positions and the hoax was stopped immediately.

Chile

In the Chilean city of Antofagasta, a mother reported to the police that her 12-year-old daughter had 15 cuts on her arm that formed the design of a whale.[83][84][85][85] After being interviewed by police officers, she confessed that she followed game administrators instructions while playing this game.[86][87][88][89]

A 13-year-old girl in Padre Las Casas played the game along with three other friends. The girl reached the tenth stage, making cuts in her arms.[90]

An 11-year-old boy in Temuco accepted an invitation in his Facebook profile to join the game, from an unidentified woman, but declined to participate after being contacted by a profile named "Ballena Azul".[91]

China

In Ningbo City, Zhejiang, a suicide group was found founded by a 10 years old girl who posted several photos of her self-mutilation related to the Blue Whale.[92][93][94] Since then authorities began to monitor mentions of the game on forums and live broadcasts.[95][96][97]

Colombia

The Criminal Investigation Directorate (Dijin) of the National Police of Colombia began an investigation into three adolescent deaths that could be related to the game.[98]

Georgia

On 27 May 2017 Rustavi 2 TV reported that a 12-year old girl tried to commit suicide, allegedly as part of the game. The girl jumped from the fifth floor but survived and is undergoing medical treatment at hospital with multiple injuries and traumas. Police have launched an investigation into the case, but no official statements have been made.[99]

Italy

In Italy, the first press coverings of Blue Whale appear on the 3rd of June, 2016, on La stampa. The challenge is defined "a bad joke".[100] The new appears again around March 3rd, 2017, on national newspapers like Il Giornale[101] and Il Messaggero[102]. This time the challenge is described as a real Russian "game", with 50 strict rules and powerful tutors. A few days later, the suicide of a teenager in Leghorn is hinted by some newspapers to be caused by the Blue Whale challenge, but an official declaration from the Leghorn police denies that: "It is a private tragedy, totally due to familiar reasons".[103]

The debunking site BUTAC reports the total lack of evidence supporting the existence of the game and there are no further consequences nor alarms. More than two months later, on the 14th of May 2017, a TV report by Le Iene about the Blue Whale on the national channel Italia 1[104] links again Blue Whale to the suicide in Leghorn, without quoting the police declarations. The report shows several suicide scenes, mostly from videos on LiveLeaks depicting adults unrelated to Blue Whale, even if described as of childrens playing the "game". The report interviews a schoolmate of the Leghorn teenager, two mothers of suicide Russian girls who supposedly took part in the game - one of them draw whales on paper - and the founder of the Russian Center for the safety of children from internet crimes. From that day, the Italian press started speaking about the "game", mostly describing it as true. Some reported the full list of 50 rules. The public is striken by curiosity (the search for Blue Whale on Google in Italy has a sharp peak) and even panic.

On the 15th and 16th of May newspapers also announced the arrest of Budeikin (without saying that it happened months before), quoting as real his unconfirmed declarations about his supposed victims being "genetical rubbish". Paolo Attivissimo, a very appreciated debunker, describes the game as "a death myth dangerously exaggerated by sensationalist journalism". In any case, police starts receiving many calls from terrified parents and teachers. Mostly false cases or simple use of hashtags to look for tutors, but several of self-mutilation and reported attempted suicides by kids. They come from all over Italy: Ravenna,[105] Brescia[106] and Siracusa.[107] On the 22nd, the Polizia Postale declared having received 40 alarms. On the 24th the alarms were increased to 70. On its site the Polizia Postale gives advice defining Blue Whale "a practice that seems to possibly come from Russia" and the tutor "possible adults", not to confirm their existence.[108] They warn from emulations: several cases caused by the suggestive news on the media are in the meantime reported by newspapers.[109]

Kenya

In Nairobi County, Jamie Njenga, a Form Two student at J. G. Kiereini Secondary School in Kiambu County, had played the Blue Whale challenge. He later committed suicide on May 3.[110][111][112] He hanged himself on the balcony of a hotel owned by his grandfather in the city centre.[113][114][115][116]

Paraguay

Federico Pedro Aguilera, a 22-year-old computer scientist, was found with a sprat, a type of sword, that pierced his chest in Coronel Bogado after playing Blue Whale.[117][118][119][120]

Portugal

Irina Kornutyi, an 18-year-old girl, was admitted to hospital with mutilations in her body in Albufeira after she threw herself from an overpass to the railway line.[121][122] Police, parents and friends said that the girl had been motivated to do that by a person on Internet named as "Blue Whale".[121][123] In an interview with RTP, she said that she felt alone, and lacking affection.[124][125][126][127]

Also, a 15-year-old boy from Sines was admitted to the Setúbal Hospital after having "drawn" a whale on an arm with a sharp object.[128][129][130] There are already at least eight victims of the Blue Whale challenge identified in Portugal.[131]

Russia

In March 2017, authorities in Russia were investigating approximately 130 separate cases of suicide related to the phenomenon.[132] In February, two teenagers, 15-year-old Yulia Konstantinova and 16-year-old Veronika Volkova, threw themselves off the top of a 14-story building in Irkutsk, Siberia, after completing 50 tasks sent to them.[133][134] Before they killed themselves together, Yulia and Veronika left messages on their pages on social networks.[134] Yulia published the photo of a large blue whale and then wrote "End".[135] Veronika used to post things like "Do you feel that you become useless?" and "I am just a ghost". On the day of her death she wrote "Sense is lost... End".[136] Also in February, a girl known as Ekaterina, 15, was in critical condition after throwing herself out of an apartment and falling on snow-covered ground in the town of Krasnoyarsk, also in Siberia.[137]

On 26 May 2017 Russian Duma (parliament) passed a bill introducing criminal responsibility for creating pro-suicide groups on social media, in the wake of 130 teen deaths linked to the Blue Whale suicide challenge.[138] On 7 June 2017 President Putin signs law imposing criminal penalties for inducing minors to suicide.[139] The law envisages a maximum punishment of six years in prison.

On 8 June 2017 one of the Blue Whale suicide game administrators Ilya Sidorov, 26, was arrested in Moscow.[140][141][142]

Saudi Arabia

On the 5th of June 2017 a 13 year-old boy 'Metlaq Affas Albugami' committed suicide in his room, his body was discovered by his mother. The boy used his Play Station wires to commit suicide. This is the first known victim in the country[143].

Serbia

The parents of a 13-year-old boy in Velika Plana noticed self-inflicted injuries in his hand, after which they reported the case to the police.[144]

Spain

In Spain, a teenager was admitted to a psychiatric unit of a Barcelona hospital after her family said she started playing Blue Whale.[145][146][147][148][149]

Uruguay

In the city of Rivera, 450 kilometers from Montevideo, a 13-year-old girl was hospitalized at a local hospital after employees of the school she attended reported injuries to her left arm.[150][151][152] In total, adolescents victimized by the Blue Whale game are being investigated in six departments: Montevideo, Canelones, Colonia, Río Negro, Salto and Rivera.[153][154]

Venezuela

In the east of the country, a 15-year-old student from Nazareth College in the city of Puerto Ordaz committed suicide after taking part in Blue Whale on the night of April 27.[155]

The tasks in the game:

Often the first task in the game was to pierce his finger with a sharp , such as a kitchen knife . The next job was to give the oath of a whale . It was needed to scratch a whale on the hand with a razor blade sharpener or knife, and in the same way to scratch the hashtag "I'm a whale" . The next job was to Wake up at 4:20 am and include videos submitted by the curator in private messages. Videos generally contain some creepy scenes ,accompanied by extremely pessimistic music or clip Sarah Blasco overlaid with the songs of whales. Then followed the job to climb on the roof of high-rise buildings , tower cranes or other high structure and look down. Before the last job , which is suicide, the curators of the game threatened their victims that in case of repudiation, the death of not only the victim but her entire family.To give the realistic threat the victim offered to go to the link where calculated its IP address , then the victim reported her residence.The very last task could be different:

1) to Jump off the roof of a multistory building. 2)To hang himself. 3)To eat large number of different tablets , resulting in fatally poisoned . 4)Drowning in the river ,sea or other body of water , it is desirable to make the jump from the bridge or other structure. All such actions are usually filmed. An example from the Russian Federation here.

Interesting facts:

28-year-old curator of the blue whale game from Sevastopol (Russia) , who was detained by local police in may 2017 himself had been forcibly hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital after attempted suicide. The curator claimed that another victim drowned in the Kerch Strait , jumped off the unfinished bridge.But as it turned out his victim was found alive and well in Krasnodar. . As a result, he was prosecuted not only under article 110 of the criminal code ( incitement to suicide) , and article 306 of the criminal code of Russian Federation (obviously false denunciation) .The amount of criminal code articles that curator faces more than 10 years of imprisonment .

Reactions

In March 2017, Romanian Minister of Internal Affairs Carmen Dan expressed her deep concerns about the phenomenon.[156] Mayor of Bucharest Gabriela Firea described the game as "extremely dangerous".[157]

The game has caused significant concern in Western Europe, including France[158] and the United Kingdom.[159]

In Brazil, in response to the game, a designer and a publicity agent from São Paulo created a movement called Baleia Rosa (Pink Whale),[160][161] which became viral and relied on the collaboration of hundreds of volunteers.[162][163][164] The movement is based on positive tasks that value life and combat depression.[165] Also in Brazil, Sandro Sanfelice created the movement Capivara Amarela (Yellow Capybara),[166] which proposes to "combat the Blue Whale game" and guide people seeking some kind of help.[167] Participants are separated between challengers, who are the people who seek help, and the healers, who are kind of godfathers of these people.[168] An Adventist school in southern Paraná, in partnership with other education networks, also sought to reverse the situation by proposing another charity game, the "Jonas Challenge" (referring to the biblical character Jonah, who was vomited up by a large fish three days after being swallowed by it).[169][170] Other games created in Brazil in response to the Blue Whale were the Baleia Verde (Green Whale) and the Preguiça Azul (Blue Sloth).[171][172][173][174]

Author Glória Perez stated on April 21 that she plans to include the Blue Whale game in her new telenovela, A Força do Querer.[175][176][177][178][179] The media also stressed that the phenomenon coincided with the controversy surrounding the web television series 13 Reasons Why, which addresses the issue of teen suicide.[180][181]

In Belo Horizonte and Recife metropolitan area, many schools promoted lectures to talk about the Blue Whale game.[182][183] The Police Specialized in High Technology Crime Repression (Dercat) in Piauí is preparing a digital primer to warn young people about the dangers of the game.[184][185][186]

In May 2017, authorities of the Mexican state of Michoacán issued an alert warning about the possibility of the Blue Whale challenge to invade the country.[187][188]

In May 2017, Tencent, China's largest Internet service portal, closed 12 suspicious Blue Whale-related network groups on its social networking platform QQ, as the number of this kind of groups is on the rise.[189] The search results of related keywords was also blocked in QQ.[190][191]

See also

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