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Citizenship Amendment Act protests

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Citizenship Amendment Act protests
Jamia Milia Islamia students protesting
DateDecember 2019 - ongoing
Location
India
Caused by
Goals
MethodsCivil disobedience, demonstrations, gherao, vandalism, hashtag activism
Parties

Protestors

Citizens of Northeast India

All Assam Students’ Union (AASU)
Lead figures
Casualties
Death(s)6[8][9][10][11]
Injuries175[12]
Arrested1000+[13]
Detained~1600[12]

The Citizenship Amendment Act protests also known previously as the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill protests of 2019 in India, or the CAB protests are a series of ongoing protests in India, that began in Assam,[14][15][16] Delhi,[17][18] Meghalaya,[19] Manipur and Tripura[20] and spread to other parts of India.[21] The protests are against The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019, which was cleared by the union cabinet on 4 December 2019, and later passed by both houses of the Parliament turning it into an Act of the Parliament. The protests started in Assam on 4 December 2019, after the bill was passed in parliament. Later, protests erupted in all of Northeast India, and subsequently all major cities of India.

The protests have resulted in hundreds of arrests and four deaths.

Background

A child taking part in an anti-CAB NRC protest with Jamia Millia Islamia students and locals.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA) is an act of the Indian parliament amending the Citizenship Act of 1955 to give a path to Indian citizenship to illegal migrants who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan, who entered India on or before 31 December 2014. It also seeks to relax the requirement of residence in India for citizenship by naturalisation from 11 years to 5 years for these migrants.

The parliamentary opposition claims that the CAA ringfences Muslim identity by declaring India a welcome refuge to all other religious communities, that it seeks to legally establish Muslims as second-class citizens of India by providing preferential treatment to other groups and therefore violates the Constitution’s Article 14, the fundamental right to equality to all persons.[22]

The passage of the Act caused protests in India.[23] Muslim groups and secular groups have protested alleging religious discrimination. The people of Assam and other northeastern states continue to protest fearing that the non-Muslim illegal immigrants in their regions would be allowed to stay.[24]

The Act directly challenges the clause 5 of 1985 Assam Accord. The Act was criticized by liberal organizations across the country, with the Indian National Congress and other major political parties opposing it. The states of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, West Bengal, Punjab and Kerala have refused to implement it.[25]

Protests

After the bill was cleared on 4 December 2019, violent protests erupted in Assam, especially in Guwahati, and other areas in the state.[26] Reactionary protests were held in well as several metropolitan cities across India, including Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata and Mumbai[27][28][29][30][31]

As a reaction, protests were also held at universities across the country, including IIT Bombay[27], Presidency University[32], Jamia Milia Islamia[33][34][35], Osmania University[36], University of Delhi[37], Panjab University[38], and Aligarh Muslim University.[39]

Assam

In Dispur, several thousands of protesters broke down police barricades to protest in front of the Assam Legislative Assembly building.[40][41] Demonstrations were held in Agartala.[42]

In Dibrugarh, the All Assam Student's Union vandalized the district office of the Asom Gana Parishad which had voted in favor of the act and is a part of the ruling Coalition.[43]

West Bengal

On Saturday, 14 December, violent protests occurred in West Bengal, the protestors attacked railway stations and public buses. Five trains were set on fire by the protestors in Lalgola and Krishnapur railway stations in Murshidabad district and railway tracks were damaged in Suti.[44]

Tens of thousands of people joined a demonstration led by Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and her ruling Trinamool Congress party.[45]

Delhi

On 15 December, in the national capital, three Delhi Transport Corporation buses were attacked.[46]

On 16 December, Priyanka Gandhi led a silent protest at the India Gate along with about three hundred congress workers to show solidarity with the students of Jamia Millia Islamia.[47]

Jamia Millia Islamia University

On the morning of 15 December, more than two thousand students of Jamia Millia Islamia University joined the protests against the act in Delhi.[48]

In the night on the same day, hundreds of police officers forcefully entered the campus of Jamia Millia Islamia University, without the permission of college authority and the students from were detained by the Delhi police.[49] The visuals of students being dragged and assaulted by the police was telecasted in the news. Students from all across Delhi joined the agitation.[50] Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap, actor John Cusack and Rajkummar Rao condemned the Police violence, with Cusack referring it to fascism.[51]

Impact

Flights and trains were suspended as a result of the protest.[52] The government imposed an internet shutdown in the states of Assam, Tripura[2] and 5 Bengal districts.[53] No play was possible on the fourth day of the cricket match between Assam and Services in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy because of the protests.[54] The India-Japan summit in Guwahati, which was supposed to be attended by Shinzo Abe was also cancelled.[55][56] France, Israel, the U.S. and the U.K. have issued travel advisories for nationals travelling to India.[57][58]

  • Anti-CAB protestors stopping traffic in New Delhi
    Anti-CAB protestors stopping traffic in New Delhi
  • Locals in New Delhi protest against CAA and NCR
    Locals in New Delhi protest against CAA and NCR

See also

References

  1. ^ Singh, Bikash (12 December 2019). "Assam burns over CAB, curfew in Guwahati, Army deployed" – via The Economic Times.
  2. ^ a b "Anti-Citizenship Bill protests: Army deployed in Assam, Tripura; Internet suspended". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 11 December 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 December 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ "8 columns of the Army, Assam Rifles deployed in Assam". Deccan Herald. 13 December 2019.
  4. ^ DelhiDecember 11, Asian News International New; December 11, 2019UPDATED:; Ist, 2019 15:13. "Centre starts withdrawing paramilitary forces from J&K, troops moved to Assam: Report". India Today. {{cite web}}: |first3= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b "Citizenship Bill: 5,000 paramilitary personnel being sent to Northeast in wake of protests, say officials". 11 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
  6. ^ "Delhi Police enters Jamia Millia campus, students allege excessive force". DNA India. 15 December 2019.
  7. ^ Gaur, Vatsala (15 December 2019). "After Jamia, Police uses brute force to quell protests at AMU" – via The Economic Times.
  8. ^ Desk, The Hindu Net (12 December 2019). "Anti-Citizenship (Amendment) Bill protests | Two die of bullet injuries in Guwahati as police open fire on protesters". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  9. ^ Rahman, Shaikh Azizur. "Two shot dead in Indian protests over citizenship bill".
  10. ^ "Assam: Death toll rises to 5 in protests against citizenship act". 15 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  11. ^ "India protests: six dead as demonstrators vow to continue to fight citizenship changes". The Guardian.
  12. ^ a b Ch, Munish; P, ra; GuwahatiDecember 16, ey; December 16, 2019UPDATED:; Ist, 2019 10:05. "Assam CAA protest: 4 dead in police firing, 175 arrested, more than 1400 detained". Retrieved 16 December 2019. {{cite news}}: |first5= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Nath, Hemanta Kumar (12 November 2019). "1,000 detained as anti-Citizenship Amendment Bill protests intensify in Assam".
  14. ^ DelhiDecember 12, Kaushik Deka New; December 12, 2019UPDATED:; Ist, 2019 04:01. "Citizenship Amendment Bill protests: Here's why Assam is burning". India Today. Retrieved 12 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |first3= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Singh, Bikash (12 December 2019). "Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019: Why is Assam protesting?". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  16. ^ "'Anti-Muslim' citizenship law challenged in India court". 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  17. ^ "CAB protest live news: Southeast Delhi schools to remain closed tomorrow". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  18. ^ Dec 16, TIMESOFINDIA COM | Updated:; 2019; Ist, 0:55. "Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019: Anti-citizenship law protests: Latest developments and reactions | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ "Violence Grips Assam, Meghalaya, Bengal & Delhi as Protests Escalate Across India; Oppn Plans Mega Rally". News18. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  20. ^ "Protests and strikes hit Assam, Manipur, Tripura against CAB". 9 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  21. ^ "India PM plea for calm as citizenship unrest rages". 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  22. ^ "Citizenship (Amendment) Bill: What does it do, why is it seen as a problem". The Economic Times. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  23. ^ Sigal Samuel, "India just redefined its citizenship criteria to exclude Muslims, "Vox.
  24. ^ Saha, Abhishek (20 January 2019). "Explained: Why Assam, Northeast are angry". Hindustan Times.
  25. ^ Varma, Anuja and Gyan (14 December 2019). "President gives assent to CAB, 5 states refuse to implement it". livemint.com. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  26. ^ "Anti-CAB stir: People defy curfew, police open fire as Assam". 12 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  27. ^ a b "Students of IIT-Bombay protest passage of CAB". The Indian Express. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ Moin, Ather (11 December 2019). "CAB triggers protests in Hyderabad". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Bengaluru: Citizens protest against Citizenship Amendment Bill". Deccan Chronicle. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  30. ^ DelhiDecember 11, Hemanta Kumar Nath Ashutosh Mishra New; December 11, 2019UPDATED:; Ist, 2019 00:24. "Shutdown in Northeast, furore across nation as Citizenship Amendment Bill set for Rajya Sabha test today". India Today. Retrieved 12 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |first3= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ Ravi, Sidharth (11 December 2019). "Protests against CAB spill on to Delhi streets". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  32. ^ Dec 12, PTI |; 2019; Ist, 19:12. "Presidency University students protest against citizenship bill | Kolkata News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ "Delhi: 50 Jamia students detained after clash with cops during Citizenship Bill protests". The Indian Express. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  34. ^ Ibrar, Mohammad (13 December 2019). "Citizenship Amendment Act protests in Delhi: 50 Jamia Millia Islamia students detained after clash with cops". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  35. ^ "50 Jamia students detained after clash with cops during CAB protest". The Hindu. PTI. 13 December 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 December 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  36. ^ Dec 14, TNN |; 2019; Ist, 7:04. "Hyderabad feels CAB protest heat, cops in full gear stand guard | Hyderabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ India, Press Trust of (12 December 2019). "Citizenship bill: DU students hold protest, call legislation 'communal'". Business Standard India. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  38. ^ "Panjab University students protest, burn copies of citizenship bill". The Times of India. 12 December 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  39. ^ "FIR against Aligarh Muslim University students for protesting against Citizenship (Amendment) Bill". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 11 December 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 December 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  40. ^ "In India's northeast, protesters rally against citizenship bill". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  41. ^ Reuters (9 December 2019). "Protests Erupt as India Pushes for Religion-Based Citizenship Bill". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 December 2019. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  42. ^ Dec 11, Biswendu Bhattacharjee | TNN | Updated:; 2019; Ist, 14:52. "Anti-CAB protests turn violent in Tripura | Agartala News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 December 2019. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ "All Assam Students' Union members ransack AGP office". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  44. ^ "Anti-Citizenship Act protests turn violent in West Bengal, Assam situation eases". The Hindu. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  45. ^ "India PM plea for calm as citizenship unrest rages". 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  46. ^ Dec 2019, Mirror Now | 15; Ist, 07:09 Pm, Delhi: Anti-CAA protest turns violent as 3 buses burnt in Jamia Nagar, retrieved 15 December 2019{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ "Priyanka Gandhi Leads Protest At India Gate Against Crackdown On Students". NDTV.com. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  48. ^ "Protests spread across India over new citizenship law which excludes Muslims". CNN. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  49. ^ "CAA Unrest: Dozens of Jamia Students Held, No Internet in Aligarh". The Quint. 15 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  50. ^ "Protesting Against Jamia Crackdown, JNU Students Call for Overnight Stir; Thousands Gather at Delhi Police HQ". News18. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  51. ^ "Anurag Kashyap, John Cusack and others condemn violence on Jamia students, call government 'fascist'". The Hindu. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  52. ^ "Citizenship Bill protests affect Assam; flights suspended, train services hit". Deccan Chronicle. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  53. ^ India, Press Trust of (15 December 2019). "Citizenship Act: Govt suspends internet in 5 Bengal districts amid protests". Business Standard India. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  54. ^ "Ranji Trophy 2019-20: Day four game in Assam suspended due to curfew over CAB". Sport Star. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  55. ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (13 December 2019). "India-Japan Guwahati summit cancelled in view of protests". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  56. ^ "India protests spread over 'anti-Muslim' law". Saudigazette. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  57. ^ "Travel Alert for U.S. Citizens: Protests in Northeastern States". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in India. 13 December 2019.
  58. ^ "Anti-Citizenship Act protests: U.S., U.K., France, Israel issue travel advisories". 14 December 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
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