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2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest

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2020 unrest in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Part of the 2020 United States racial unrest
Black Lives Matter movement, and
George Floyd protests
Protesters march in downtown Minneapolis on May 28, 2020, three days after the killing of George Floyd.
DateMay 26, 2020 – present (4 years, 4 months and 2 weeks)
Location
Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
Caused by
Goals
MethodsProtests, demonstrations, civil disobedience, civil resistance, riots
StatusOngoing

The Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in U.S. state of Minnesota experienced prolonged unrest in 2020 largely as a cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice.[3] A number of events occurred beginning soon after the killing of George Floyd, an unarmed American American man, by a white Minneapolis police officer on May 25.[4] The vast majority of protests over Floyd’s death were characterized as peaceful events, however, Minneapolis–Saint Paul experienced widespread rioting, looting, and property destruction over a three-night period in late May that resulted in $500 million in property damage—the second most destructive period of unrest in United States history, after the 1992 Los Angeles riots.[5][6] Local protests sparked a global protest movement about police brutality and racial justice. Unrest over Floyd's death continued throughout the year as protesters sought justice for Floyd and made broader calls to address structural racism in Minnesota and residents reacted to other incidents, with many protest events part of the larger Black Lives Matter movement.[7] Some demonstrations were violent and generated controversy.[8][9] Events had an effect on state and local policies, local economic conditions, and the well-being of residents.

Background

Main article: Killing of George Floyd

Events

Arrangement is chronological by the beginning of each event series; timelines for some topics overlap.

George Floyd protests

Protesters marching in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, the day after Floyd's death. A protester's sign reads, "Justice for George Floyd" and "#I CANT BREATHE".
The destroyed third precinct station in Minneapolis, May 30, 2020.
Main article: George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul

Protests began in Minneapolis on May 26, the day after the killing of George Floyd and when a video of the incident had circulated widely in the media. By midday, people had gathered by the thousands at the location of Floyd's death and set up a makeshift memorial.[10][11] Organizers of the rally emphasized keeping the protest peaceful.[12] Protesters and Floyd's family demanded that all four officers at the scene of his arrest and death be charged with murder and that judicial consequences were swift.[13][14] That evening, the protest rally turned into a march to the Minneapolis Police Department's third precinct station where the officers were believed to work. After the main protest group disbanded, a small skirmish the night of May 26 resulted in minor property damage at the station and the police firing tear gas at demonstrators.[11][12][7][5]

Protests were held at several locations throughout the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in subsequent days. The situation escalated the nights of May 27 to 29 where widespread arson, rioting, and looting took place, which were noted as a contrast to daytime protests that were characterized as mostly peaceful events.[5] Some initial acts of property destruction on May 27 by a 32-year-old man with ties to white supremacist organizations, who local police investigators said was deliberately inciting racial tension, led to a chain reaction of fires and looting.[15] The unrest, including demonstrators overtaking the Minneapolis third precinct police station and setting it on fire the night of May 28, garnered significant national and international media attention.[7] After state officials mobilized Minnesota National Guard troops in its largest deployment since World War II,[16][17] the violent unrest subsided and mostly peaceful protests resumed.[7] However, the violence had resulted in two deaths,[18][19] 617 arrests,[20][21] and upwards of $500 million in property damage to 1,500 locations, making it the second-most destructive period of local unrest in United States history, after the 1992 Los Angeles riots.[6][22][23][21]

Hennepin County prosecutor protests

Protesters outside the Hennepin County Government in downtown Minneapolis, June 11, 2020

Several protests sought the resignation of Michael O. Freeman, the attorney for Hennepin County and initial prosecutor of the four Minneapolis police officers involved in the killing of George Floyd. On May 31, more than 100 people gathered outside his home to call for a special prosecutor to handle the case against the Minneapolis officers at the scene of Floyd's death. Activists criticized the four-day delay that it took Freeman's office to bring charges against Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin and the lack of charges by that date against the other three officers involved in Floyd's death—J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane, and Tou Thao.[24] At a rally outside the governor's mansion on June 1, which Walz attended but did not speak at, activists called for an out-of-state, special prosecutor to take over, not trusting Freeman or Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison who was recently added to the case.[25] Officials charged J. Alexander Kueng, Thomas Lane, and Tou Thao, and elevated charges for Chauvin, with murder on June 3.[26][27] A protest group gathered at the Hennepin County Government Center on June 12 to demand Freeman's resignation over his handling of previous officer-involved shootings in Minneapolis, such as the case involving the shooting of Jamar Clark and prosecution of former police officer Mohamed Noor in the shooting of Justine Damond.[28] A group also launched a petition drive to have Freeman recalled.[29]

“Dismantle” the police movement

A "defund police" sign and stage before a rally at Powderhorn Park in Minneapolis, June 7, 2020
Further information: George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul § "Defund the police" movement

In June, protests and rallies in Minneapolis sought commitment from public officials for a strategy to dismantle, defend, or abolish the city's police force. A protest march on June 6 to the home of the mayor resulted in a confrontation where Frey was called to come out and asked if he supported abolishing the city's police force. After Frey responded that he did not, the crowd booed him away. In a speech that resonated with the gathered crowd, United States Representative Ilhan Omar denounced the city's police force as "inherently beyond reform".[30][31] On June 7 in Minneapolis, a large crowd gathered for a rally at the city's Powderhorn Park calling for more changes to the city's police force. Nine of the thirteen members on the Minneapolis City Council in attendance vowed on stage to "dismantle" the police department, but concrete details about it were less defined. Activists at the rally wanted to replace the police department with unarmed public safety responders.[32][33]

Sanctuary hotel controversy

The initial unrest over the killing of George Floyd had impact on people experiencing homelessness. Some who were displaced by the unrest sought refuge in a vacant Sheraton hotel in the city's Midtown neighborhood. Volunteers helped turn it into a what was described as functioning hotel and sanctuary for nearly 200 people.[34] The situation in the hotel, however, descended into chaos with extensive vandalism, rampant drug use, and violence. Residents at the hotel were evicted on June 9, and some set up a sprawling camp at the city's Powderhorn Park.[35][36]

Minneapolis police union protests

A protester holds a sign at the Minneapolis police federation on June 12, 2020

The Police Officers Federation of Minneapolis, the union representing Minneapolis Police Department officers, and its elected leader were the subject of several protest events. Protesters gathered at the Police Officers Federation building in Minneapolis on June 12 to demand the resignation of Bob Kroll, head of the city's police union, who had characterized the protests and Black Lives Matter as a "terrorist organization". Thousands of people stretched in every direction from the federation building and listened to speeches by community leaders.[37][28] Protesters returned on June 25. Kroll had earlier said he would not step down from the post. Protesters said they would continue protesting until their demands were met.[38]

A 100-person protest group led by Nekima Levy Armstrong's Racial Justice Network gathered outside Kroll's home in Hugo, Minnesota on August 15 to call for his resignation from the Minneapolis police union. Protesters also criticized Kroll's partner, WCCO television reporter Liz Collins, for having a conflict of interest in stories about police violence. Remarks by John Thompson, a Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidate for the state legislature from St. Paul, drew controversy. Thompson said in his speech, "You think we give a [expletive] about burning Hugo down?" and also "[Expletive] Hugo." Some of Thompson's remarks were said to be directed at children who were present. The event also featured the bashing of piñata effigies of Kroll and Collins. Several local media members condemned the symbolic display of violence against a woman journalist. Inflammatory rhetoric at the event was also condemned by leaders of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor and Republican parties, and led to an apology statement from the Thompson.[39][9][40]

Police reform and racial justice protests

A Breonna Taylor cardboard cutout at a rally at the state capitol building in Saint Paul, June 2020

In June, George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul broadened to issues of historic racism and police brutality, with events occuring nearly each day. Protesters gathered outside the governor's mansion in Saint Paul on June 24 and called on the governor to reconvene the legislature in a special session for the purpose of passing police reform measures. Lawmakers had recently adjourned a special session without agreeing to legislation on the topic.[41] Four years after the shooting of Philando Castile by a police officer in the Twin Cities' suburb of St. Anthony, several Black Lives Matter rallies were held on July 6 that commemorated Castile and connected it to the global protest movement about racism and police brutality sparked by Floyd's death.[42] On July 23, Minnesotans gathered at a federal courthouse and marched through downtown Minneapolis in opposition to the deployment of federal troops to protests in Portland, Oregon.[43]

Christopher Columbus statue toppling

A demonstrator raises a fist next to the empty pedestal, June 10, 2020
Main article: Statue of Christopher Columbus (Saint Paul, Minnesota) § 2020 removal

An American Indian Movement group tore down a statue of Christopher Columbus outside the state capitol building in Saint Paul on June 10 as the global protest movement turned towards removing monuments and memorials with controversial legacies.[44] Members of the American Indian Movement, led by Mike Forcia of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians, announced via social media their intentions to topple the statue earlier in the day. State Patrol troopers and a Department of Public Safety tribal liaison met with organizers prior to the event,[45] encouraging them to follow a legal process for removal[46] and warning them that they could face charges for destruction of public property.[45][46] Forcia countered that they had already waited far too long, having worked through official channels for years without success.[45][46][47]American Indian Movement members and other demonstrators, including Dakota and Ojibwe community members,[45] looped a rope around the statue and pulled it off its granite pedestal. The group drummed, sang songs, and took photos with the fallen statue. No one was arrested at the event. State Patrol troopers watched from a distance and did not intervene.[46] Troopers eventually formed a line to protect the statue before it was transported offsite.[45]

Juneteenth commemoration

Juneteenth march in north Minneapolis, June 19, 2020

On June 19, dozens of Juneteenth commemorations were held in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, including in Minneapolis near the former third precinct station and at the location where Floyd died. Participants at the events connected recent instances of police brutality to the historic legacy of slavery in the United States.[48] The Minnesota Black Lives Matter chapter that rallied at the state capitol building in Saint Paul called on state lawmakers who were meeting in a special legislative session to agree on police reform measures.[49] Governor Walz issued a proclamation declaring it Juneteenth Day in Minnesota and encouraged the state legislature to make it a state holiday.[48]

Pride parade protests

Despite cancellation of official Twin Cities Pride event, protesters on June 28 gathered in downtown Minneapolis and called for justice for Floyd, greater protections for black transgender people, community control of policing, and the freeing of "political prisoners".[50] Restrictions on public gatherings due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented organizers from holding a more celebratory event of LGBTQ+ people as in past years, which had been among the most well-attended Pride parade events in the United States.[51] The 2020 Pride parade in the Twin Cities intersected with the Black Lives Matter movement and returned to the way it began, as a protest movement.[52]

"Black 4th" rallies

Thousands took part in several peaceful demonstrations in Minneapolis and called for racial equity and justice for George Floyd on July 4. Organizers of two marches, dubbed "Black 4th", through predominately white areas of the city sought to continue the momentum for police reform and raise awareness about social justice issues.[53][54]

Encampments in Minneapolis parks

Encampment in Powderhorn Park, July 20, 2020.

A sprawling encampment at Powdern Park generated controversy as it grew to 560 tents by mid July.[55] Numerous sexual assaults, fights, and drug use at the encampment generated alarm for nearby residents. The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board later cleared the park of people living in tents, but voted to create a permitting process to make homeless encampments a permanent fixture at 20 city parks with up to 25 tents each.[56] The city had made a push to connect people experiencing homeless with services, including establishing three new shelters, and shelter beds remained available. But officials adopted a de-escalation for disbanding camps due to the ongoing civil unrest, and when they attempted to remove tents at non-permitted sites, they faced opposition from a sanctuary movement and protest groups.[57]

Police station vandalized

Late at night in Minneapolis on August 15, a group of approximately 50 people marched to the city's fifth police precinct station in what was initially described as a peaceful protest, but it became violent when people threw rocks at windows, threw paint on the building, and shot commercial-grade fireworks at police officers, before fleeing the scene. In statements, Mayor Frey and Minneapolis City Council Vice President Andrew Jenkins said that the destruction was not the solution to issues surrounding policing.[8]

Jacob Blake protests

Main article: Kenosha unrest

On August 23, Jacob Blake, an African-American man, was shot four times in the back during an arrest by police officer Rusten Sheskey.[58][59] The incident occurred in Kenosha, Wisconsin as police officers were attempting to arrest Blake. In reaction to the incident, protests and unrest occurred in Wisconsin and other places in the United States. On August 24 in Minneapolis, a 100-person protest over Blake's shooting took place in the city's downtown area, and after the main protest group disbanded, some protesters broke windows and threatened to breach a jail facility, resulting in 11 arrests.[60] One Minneapolis police officer suffered a broken hand during a confrontation with a demonstrator.[61]

Minneapolis downtown riot

Hennepin County sheriff officers on patrol after looting and vandalism, August 27, 2020
Main article: Minneapolis downtown riot

The Minneapolis downtown riot was an instance of protests, riots, and looting that occurred after false rumors that Eddie Sole Jr., a 38 year old African American man, was shot and killed by Minneapolis police officers on August 26.[62] Surveillance video showed that Sole Jr. had died by suicide, a self-inflicted gunshot to the head, during a manhunt for a homicide suspect in which he was the person of interest.[63] Controversially, the police released the CCTV camera footage of the suicide in attempts to stop the unrest.[64] Overnight destruction from August 26 to 27 reached a total of 72 property locations in Minneapolis and four locations in neighboring Saint Paul. In Minneapolis, four businesses were set on fire, including a downtown restaurant and three other businesses located miles away from the city's downtown area.[65] State and local officials arrested a total of 132 people during the unrest[66] and charged 27 people for crimes such as assault and burglary related to the rioting and looting.[67] Minnesota Governor Tim Walz declared a state of emergency and deployed National Guard troops, and Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey imposed on overnight curfew. [68] Nearly 1,000 members of law enforcement and 400 Minnesota National Guard troops amassed in the metro area to prevent more lawlessness, and calmness prevailed after August 27.[69][70]

Wall of Forgotten Natives

Two years after a large camp was disbanded near Hiawatha and Franklin avenues in Minneapolis, on September 3 a group backed by protesters and American Indian Movement advocates re-occupied a site they referred to as the Wall of Forgotten Natives. The site had been barricaded by the state in 2018 when an encampment closed after experiencing drug overdoses, spread of disease, violence, fires, and deaths. In September 2020, reoccupation of the encampment with 40 tents came after the city closed another encampment on 13th Avenue due to health and safety concerns and after officials sought help from nonprofit organizations. Reestablishment of the Hiawatha encampment also came during time of increasing confrontation between Minneapolis officials and homeless advocates, as the city had hoped to close all encampments by October.[57]

Aftermath

See also

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Floyd protests in Minnesota.

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