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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Antisemitic boycotts]]—Though not all BDS supporters are necessarily anti-Semitic, the historical reality of anti-Semitic boycotts informs the reaction to BDS.
*[[Boycotts of Israel]]
*[[Boycotts of Israel]]—A more general discussion of boycotts of Israel.
*[[Disinvestment from Israel]]
*[[Disinvestment from Israel]]—A more general discussion of disinvestment from Israel.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:33, 22 May 2013

File:Boycott Israel-poster.jpg
"Refuse to finance the occupation – Boycott Israel" – a Swedish poster calls for a boycott of Israel

Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) is a campaign started on 9 July 2005 by 171 Palestinian non-governmental organizations in support of the Palestinian cause for boycott, divestment and international sanctions against Israel.

Background

Main article: Arab League boycott of Israel

The final declaration of the NGO Forum, World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in Durban, South Africa in 2001, called for "mandatory and comprehensive sanctions and embargoes, the full cessation of all links (diplomatic, economic, social, aid, military cooperation and training) between all states and Israel". BDS had already been used against South Africa itself to promote ending apartheid. Mary Robinson, UN Human Rights chief said that there was "horrible anti-Semitism present" at the NGO Forum.[1]

In 2004, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) voted to divest funds from Israel, saying it would "target businesses that it believes bear particular responsibility for the suffering of Palestinians and will give them a chance to change their behavior before selling their shares".[2] (In 2006, a resolution was adopted, which would lead to "repeal and rescind the actions of the 2004 General Assembly" vote.)[3]

In 2004, The Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel was launched by a group of Palestinian academics and intellectuals. The campaign built on the Palestinian call for a comprehensive economic, cultural and academic boycott of Israel issued in August 2002 and a statement made by Palestinian academics and intellectuals calling for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions in October 2003.[4]

In 2006 and 2007 the Occupied Palestine and Syrian Golan Heights Advocacy Initiative (OPGAI) presented a call for boycott, divestment and sanctions against Israel to the World Social Forum.[5]

Goals

According to the July 2005 call, the BDS campaign urges various form of "non-violent punitive measures" against Israel until it "complies with the precepts of international law" by: "

  1. Ending its occupation and colonization of all Arab lands and dismantling the Wall;
  2. Recognizing the fundamental rights of the Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel to full equality; and
  3. Respecting, protecting and promoting the rights of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes and properties as stipulated in UN Resolution 194."[6]

Achievements

A list of 2012 academic and cultural boycott successes has been compiled by the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel.

Supporters

In August 2011, the American National Middle Eastern Presbyterian Caucus (NMEPC) endorsed the BDS campaign against Israel.[7]

United Nations Special Rapporteur on "the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967", Richard A. Falk[8], in his 2012 report to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) recommended that "businesses highlighted in the report – as well as the many other businesses that are profiting from the Israeli settlement enterprise – should be boycotted until they bring their operations into line with international human rights and humanitarian law and standards." He specifically named the United States' Caterpillar Inc., Hewlett Packard and Motorola; Israel's Ahava, Elbit Systems and Mehadrin; Sweden's Volvo Group and Assa Abloy ; France's Veolia Environment; United Kingdom's G4S, Belgium's Dexia Group, Netherlands' Riwal Holding Group and Mexico's Cemex.[9] At a news conference Falk said: "The focus on business activities is partly an expression of frustration about the inability to obtain compliance with these fundamental legal obligations of Israel and the ineffectiveness of the U.N. efforts to condemn settlement expansion." He also stated "The whole issue of Palestinian self-determination is at risk here."[10]

British physicist Stephen Hawking announced that he will boycott the Israeli Presidential Conference, a prestigious conference sponsored by Israel's president, Shimon Peres. Hawking had accepted the invitation to attend the conference, then declined after receiving a large number of emails from Palestinian academics asking him to respect the academic boycott against Israel. [11] It was later found that among the 20 academics who lobbied Hawking to boycott were Professor Noam Chomsky and Professor Malcolm Levitt who advocated boycott as the proper method for scientist to respond to the "explicit policy" of "systemic discrimination" against the non-Jewish and Palestinian population. [12]

Reaction

Australia

In 2011, a series of protests were staged at Max Brenner outlets, a franchise of the Israeli Strauss Group which supplies the Israeli Defence Forces.[13] At one protest in Melbourne, 19 protesters were arrested;[14] four were charged and most were released without charge.[15] The Australian Jewish News reported the protesters were not peaceful and that no member of the public was injured.[16] Two of the activists arrested were found guilty of assaulting police and were fined $500 each. Two other protesters were fined $100 for resisting and hindering police, but did not receive convictions.[17]

In New South Wales in 2011, Walt Secord of the Labor Party's NSW Legislative Council, called on the NSW Minister for Police, Michael Gallacher, to "provide assurances for the protection of businesses with Israeli links" after two BDS protesters were arrested outside a Max Brenner store.[18] Also in New South Wales, on 19 April 2011, the town council of Marrickville held a fiery meeting over whether to support the global BDS campaign. Though they struck down the motion, one councilor went on record hoping that Israelis and Palestinians could "live in peace in the future without Marrickville Council trying to interfere".[19]

The NSW Greens State Conference prior to the 2011 NSW State Election adopted a resolution in support of BDS.[20] In support of the statement, Senator Lee Rhiannon said it was "motivated by the universal principles of freedom, justice and equal rights"[20] and also "I see the value of that tactic as a way to promoting Palestinian human rights."[21] Following the election, Federal leader Bob Brown said that he had conveyed his disapproval of this policy emphasis to Rhiannon.[22]

In October 2011, Izzat Abdulhadi, head of the General Delegation of Palestine to Australia said that he is against the "full-scale" BDS campaign, and in particular expressed his anger over the occasionally violent protests at the Max Brenner stores in Australia, saying, "BDS is a non-violent process and I don't think it's the right of anybody to use BDS as a violent action or to prevent people from buying from any place."[23]

In December 2011, the NSW Greens reviewed their support the BDS campaign against Israel, bringing the branch more closely in line with the federal Greens Party position. However, they did vote to support BDS as a "legitimate political tactic". Rhiannon said that this was not a defeat, but rather, "The resolution recognizes the legitimacy of the BDS as a political tactic."[24][25]

In June 2012, the Jewish learning festival, Limmud Oz announced that the following pro-BDS groups would not be allowed to participate: "Vivienne Porzsolt, a spokeswoman for Jews Against the Occupation, who was detained in Israel last year en route to the flotilla to Gaza; Avigail Abarbanel, the editor of Beyond Tribal Loyalties, who renounced her Israeli citizenship in 2001; and Peter Slezak, a co-founder of the far-left advocacy group Independent Australian Jewish Voices." In addition, they are allowing "the president of the Australian Palestinian Advocacy Network, a representative of the Islamic Council of Victoria and a Palestinian academic".[26]

In August 2012, Liberal MP David Southwick said in parliament that Labor MP Martin Foley had links to the Boycotts, Divestment and Sanction (BDS) group, through union membership. Foley responded by saying "I seek his withdrawal of these comments where he has sought to associate [me] with this racist, anti-Semitic and anti-Israel boycott movement."[27]

In April 2013, The Australian newspaper ran an article claiming that a BDS campaigner in Sydney, Patrick Harrison, had been caught admitting no connection between Israel and Max Brenner at a rally calling for a boycott of Max Brenner in Parramatta.[28] In response, Sydney's Palestine Action Group issued a statement highlighting that "Max Brenner is a brand of food and beverage Strauss group" and that "the protests outside Max Brenner are largely a consciousness-raising exercise" rather than an attempt to damage Israel financially.[29] The 2012 Annual Report of the Strauss Group noted that the company was an "approved supplier to the [Israeli] Ministry of Defense" and that Strauss has operations in the USA, Australia and Singapore where they operate chocolate bars.[30]

Following the incident, Prime Minister Julia Gillard said that the "campaign does not serve the cause of peace and diplomacy for agreement on a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine," and added that Australia has always had firm opposition to the BDS movement.[31] Others, including former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, also condemned the protests in a follow-up article by the Australian discussing protests at the University of New South Wales.[32]

Canada

Main article: Israeli Apartheid Week

The most visible face of organizing in support of BDS in Canada is Israeli Apartheid Week, originally started in Toronto in 2005. Other organizations such as the Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East (CJPME) promote strategic boycotting of Canadian and Multinational corporations operating in Canada as a legitimate means of protest and pressure that is neither "anti-Israel" nor "anti-Semitic". The United Church of Canada voted to boycott products from Israeli settlements.[33]

Israel

On 11 July 2011, the Knesset passed a law making it a civil offence to publicly call for a boycott against the State of Israel, defined as "deliberately avoiding economic, cultural or academic ties with another person or another factor only because of his ties with the State of Israel, one of its institutions or an area under its control, in such a way that may cause economic, cultural or academic damage". According to the law, anyone calling for a boycott can be sued, and forced to pay compensation regardless of actual damages. At the discretion of a government minister, they may also be prevented from bidding in government tenders.[34]

The new law drew a lot of criticism, including a petition by 32 Israeli law professors arguing that the law is unconstitutional and does grievous harm to the freedom of political expression and freedom of protest.[35] Other pro-Israel advocates who are fully opposed to BDS, including Gerald Steinberg from NGO Monitor and Morton Klein from the Zionist Organization of America, have criticized the law by saying that there are many better avenues with which to counter BDS.[36] On the 10th of December 2012 the Israeli Supreme Court froze the law and issued an interim order to the state of Israel to explain why the law should not be struck down. The court order gave the state until March 14, 2013 to respond. The final hearing on the issue will be before a nine-justice panel of the court presided over by Asher Grunis President of Supreme Court of Israel.Yehuda Weinstein Attorney General of Israel is reported to have called the law “borderline” defensible and admitted in defending the law in the hearing that it had serious problems.[37]

A group of Israeli businessmen have started a sales website called "Shop-a-Fada" in order to promote Israeli products. Tal Brody is the honorary chairman of the initiative, and said the purpose is to "fight back against those who think that they'll be able to destroy Israel by waging economic warfare".[38]

Some Jewish factory managers who employ Palestinian labor have condemned the boycott, claiming a boycott of Israeli products will result in the loss of Palestinian jobs.[39]

Jordan

Jordan's Prince el Hassan al bin Talal attended the 2012 Herliya Conference in Israel, and spoke to the conference saying "these conversations aren't going to lead us anywhere unless we find the will to progress together,"[40] as did Saeb Erakat, Palestinian Authority negotiator.

South Africa

In 2011 the University of Johannesburg decided to suspend ties with Israeli Ben-Gurion University, while still allowing "individual faculty" to continue cooperating with the Israeli University on a water purification project, citing the University's support for the Israeli military. The decision was seen to affect projects in biotechnology and water purification.[41] However, two days later, Ihron Rensburg, vice chancellor and principal of the university issued a statement saying that "UJ is not part of an academic boycott of Israel.... It has never been UJ's intention to sever all ties with BGU, although it may have been the intention of some UJ staff members."[42]

On 31 August 2012 the Wits University Students' Representative Council (Wits SRC) adopted a declaration of academic and cultural boycott of Israel.[43] In a statement released several days later, the Executive Committee of Wits Convocation, representing the alumni and academic staff of the university, distanced itself from the declaration, stating that:

"The Executive Committee of Convocation of the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg would like to distance itself from the views and opinions expressed by the Students' Representative Council with regards to a boycott of Israel.... We, as a convocation, value the diverse views of all our members (i.e. academic staff and alumni) regardless of their race, religion, gender, culture, language, ideology or otherwise, provided that they do not exceed the limitations explicated in our Constitution. In our view, the diversity of people, programs and ideas is one of the greatest strengths that makes studying at Wits an enriching experience." The South African Union of Jewish Students, sharply criticized the resolution, calling it "a vicious and one-sided resolution aimed at shutting down all debate and discussion surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict".[44]

United Kingdom

Main article: Academic boycotts of Israel

On 22 April 2005, the Association of University Teachers (AUT) Council voted to boycott two Israeli universities: University of Haifa and Bar-Ilan University. The motions[45] to AUT Council were prompted by the call for a boycott from Palestinian academics and others.[46] The AUT Council voted to boycott Bar-Ilan because it runs courses at colleges in the occupied West Bank (in Ariel College) and "is thus directly involved with the occupation of Palestinian territories contrary to United Nations resolutions". It boycotted Haifa because it was alleged that the university had wrongly disciplined a lecturer. The action against the lecturer was supposedly for supporting a student who wrote about attacks on Palestinians during the founding of the state of Israel (he withdrew the claims when sued for libel and the University denied having disciplined the lecturer[47]). The boycott, which was not compulsory, was set to last until Haifa "ceases its victimisation of academic staff and students who seek to research and discuss the history of the founding of the state of Israel".

The AUT's decision was immediately condemned by certain groups, both Jewish and non-Jewish, and members of the AUT. Critics of the boycott within and outside the AUT noted that at the council at which the boycott motion was passed the leadership had cut short debate citing a lack of time. The Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Union of Jewish Students accused the AUT of purposely holding the vote during Passover, when many Jewish members could not be present.[48] Israel's embassy in London issued a statement criticizing the AUT's vote as a "distorted decision that ignores the British public's opinion", and condemning the resolutions for being "as perverse in their content as in the way they were debated and adopted".[49] Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League issued a statement condemning the "misguided and ill-timed decision to boycott academics from the only country in the Middle East where universities enjoy political independence".[50]

The AUT said that members had voted for the boycott in response to a plea for action by a group of Palestinian academics. It was condemned by the Israeli embassy in London, the British ambassador to Israel, by Jewish human rights groups, by al-Quds University[51] in Jerusalem, by the National Postgraduate Committee of the UK,[52] and by Universities UK.

After both internal and external backlash and condemnation, members of the AUT, headed by Open University lecturer Jon Pike - gathered enough signatures to call a special meeting on the subject. The meeting was held on 26 May 2005, at Friends Meeting House in London. At the meeting the AUT decided to cancel the boycott of both Israeli universities. Reasons cited for the decision were: the damage to academic freedom, the hampering of dialogue and peace effort between Israelis and Palestinian, and that boycotting Israel alone could not be justified.[53]

At the 2006 annual conference of the United Kingdom lecturers' union, the National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education (NATFHE), members were asked to support a motion calling for a boycott of Israeli academics and universities which failed to distance themselves from "apartheid policies".[54] Although the motion was passed it ceased to be official policy just two days later when the union merged with the Association of University Teachers.[54]

Prior to the NATFHE debate the Federation of Unions of Palestinian University Professors and Employees and the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel described the campaign in a letter to the Times Higher Education Supplement as "the only non-violent forms of action available to people of conscience the world over" adding, "We salute those who recognise that, since justice for Palestinians cannot be expected from the international centres of world power, they must organise to further the cause of justice and genuine peace."[55] In contrast, Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg argued:

"it is never a good idea for academics to boycott colleagues in other countries on political grounds. During the Cold War, American and Soviet scientists were careful to keep intellectual communication open; this not only served the cause of science, but promoted personal relationships that led to initiatives in arms control. In a similar spirit, when I ran the Jerusalem Winter School of Theoretical Physics we did what we could to recruit Arab students from Muslim countries whose governments discriminated against Jews. We never dreamt of boycotting them."[55]

At the 2009 UCU annual congress, the union passed a resolution to boycott Israeli academics and academic institutions by a large majority. Delegates stated that Israeli academics were complicit in their government's acts against Palestinians. However, the vote was immediately declared invalid as UCU attorneys repeated previous warnings that such a boycott would likely trigger legal action against the union.[56][57]

In 2013, "a motion calling for blanket sanctions against Israel was rejected by the Oxford University Students’ Union."[58] The motion was defeated by a large margin: 69-10.

United States

As of 2012, "[n]o American university has divested from Israel and prominent campus presidents have said they would oppose such efforts."[59]

University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann said in January 2012 that the university "has clearly stated on numerous occasions that it does not support sanctions or boycotts against Israel". She said that the school was not a sponsor of a BDS conference taking place on campus in February 2012.[60]

The Forward published, in January 2012, an article about Jewish presidents of universities, saying that "many college presidents" see BDS as a "red line" and "presidents who were previously disinclined to speak out against anti-Israel activity on campus in the name of preserving open dialogue found themselves publicly opposing the movement."[61]

On 27 March 2012, the Park Slope Food Coop in Brooklyn, New York, voted against holding a referendum on whether to implement a BDS-oriented boycott of Israel.[62]

At the 2012 Tampa Conference, the United Methodist Church voted to reject the divestment initiative regarding businesses that deal with Israel, including "Caterpillar, Motorola Solutions and Hewlett-Packard".[63] This follows an earlier 2005 decision to support a divestiture campaign.

Noam Chomsky, the 2011 Sydney Peace Prize recipient and a prominent activist for Palestinian human rights, has stated that he supports the "boycott and divestment of firms that are carrying out operations in the occupied territories" [64][65] but that anything that targets Israel alone can be attacked as antisemitism and "unfortunately this is with justice".[66] According to Chomsky, the current BDS movement's "hypocrisy rises to heaven". He stated that the BDS campaign harms the "whole movement. It harms the Palestinians and it is a gift to the Israeli hardliners and their American supporters", because the BDS's "hypocrisy is so transparent... why not boycott the United States?.. Israeli crimes [are] a fragment of US crimes, which are much worse". He also argued that the Palestinian people don't support boycotting Israel and that the BDS movement is run by "one man NGOs" who falsely claim to represent the Palestinian people.[66][67] In the same interview, he also criticized BDS founder Omar Barghouti for advocating a full boycott of Israel, despite having studied at Tel Aviv University. In May 2013, Chomsky, along with other professors such as Professor Malcolm Levitt, advised Professor Stephen Hawking to boycott an Israeli conference. [68]

Norman Finkelstein, a harsh critic of Israel's illegal occupation of Palestinian territory, has also expressed an ambivalent attitude towards BDS. He has said that BDS has the "right tactics", but that it needs to be "explicit on its goal" and that "the goal has to include recognition of Israel, or it won't reach the public". He is hostile towards the BDS movement in its current form, labeling it a "hypocritical, dishonest cult" led by "dishonest gurus" who want to "selectively enforce the law" and tries to cleverly pose as human rights activists, whereas their real goal is the destruction of Israel.[69] In addition, he said, "I'm getting a little bit exasperated with what I think is a whole lot of nonsense. I'm not going to tolerate silliness, childishness and a lot of leftist posturing. I loathe the disingenuousness. We will never hear the solidarity movement [back a] two-state solution." Furthermore, Finkelstein stated that the BDS movement has had very few successes, and that like a cult, the leaders pretend that they are hugely successful when in reality the general public rejects their extreme views.[70]

Criticism

A number of analysts, journalists, and policy groups have argued that the BDS movement promotes the delegitimization[71][72][73][74] of Israel.

In The Jerusalem Post, Gil Troy argues that the BDS movement does not target Israel's policies, but rather targets Israel's legitimacy.[75] Similarly, The Reut Institute, an influential Israeli think tank, argued that by what they perceive as singling out Israel and applying double standards, the BDS movement delegitimizes Israel.[76] These groups and individuals argue that regardless of whether or not the participants in boycotts seek to threaten Israel's legitimacy, the movement itself and the organizers behind it have the same goal: isolate Israel like South Africa.[citation needed] Furthermore, many supporters of the BDS movement have gone as far as to call for the complete destruction of the Jewish state, including Professor As'ad AbuKhalil, who wrote in Al-Akhbar that he agrees that "the real aim of BDS is to bring down the state of Israel"[77] and that "Israel will have to submit to the will of the Palestinians."[78]

Harvard professor Alan Dershowitz asserted that the BDS movement abets terrorism. "People who advocate boycotts and divestiture will literally have blood on their hands," he said adding, "They encourage terrorism and discourage the laying down of arms."[79]

Martin Raffel, who oversees the Israel Action Network, argued in March 2011 that Israel's supporters can respectfully debate artists who choose to boycott the West Bank town of Ariel, but that "not recognizing Israel as a Jewish democratic state is a completely different story".[80]

The Economist contends that the boycott is "flimsy" and ineffective, that "blaming Israel alone for the impasse in the occupied territories will continue to strike many outsiders as unfair," and points out that the Palestinian leadership does not support the boycott.[81]

The director of communications for the New Israel Fund wrote in March 2012 that the BDS movement "has accomplished very little" and that it should be relegated "to the trash-heap of failed strategies, where it belongs".[82] Naftali Balanson, writing a response, says "Even if BDS messaging were improved and there was no backlash among 'besieged' Israelis, BDS would still be immoral and inherently wrong."[83]

In 2013, the Simon Wiesenthal Center released their newest report on the BDS movement, labeling it as "antisemitic" and a "thinly-disguised effort to coordinate and complement the violent strategy of Palestinian, Arab, and Muslim “rejectionists” who have refused to make peace with Israel for over six decades."[84][85]

Criticism by artists and public figures

In an op-ed published in The Jerusalem Post in November 2010, Gerald Steinberg and Jason Edelstein contend that while "the need to refute their [BDS organizations] allegations is clear, students and community groups must also adopt a proactive strategy to undermine the credibility and influence of these groups. This strategy will marginalize many of the BDS movement's central actors, and expose the lie that BDS is a grassroots protest against Israeli policy. Exposing their abuses and funding sources, and forcing their campaign leaders and participants to respond to us will change the dynamic in this battle."[86] In an effort to combat BDS, in March 2011, NGO Monitor produced "the 'BDS Sewer System', intended to provide detailed information about boycott campaigns against Israel.[87]

After the post-punk group PiL went to Tel Aviv to headline the Heineken Music Conference 2010 Festival in August 2010, British musician John Lydon responded to criticism by saying: "If Elvis-fucking-Costello wants to pull out of a gig in Israel because he's suddenly got this compassion for Palestinians, then good on him. But I have absolutely one rule, right? Until I see an Arab country, a Muslim country, with a democracy, I won't understand how anyone can have a problem with how they're treated."[88]

In October 2010, the Cape Town Opera (CTO) declined an appeal by Desmond Tutu to cancel a tour of Israel.[89] The CTO stated that the company was "reluctant to adopt the essentially political position of disengagement from cultural ties with Israel or with Palestine"[89] and that they had been in negotiations for four years and would respect the contract.[90]

Gene Simmons, lead singer of Kiss, said that artists who avoid Israel - such as Elvis Costello, the Pixies and Roger Waters - would be better served directing their anger at Arab dictators. "The countries they should be boycotting are the same countries that the populations are rebelling," he said.[91]

Other artists who have voiced opposition to the campaign include writers Umberto Eco[92] and film makers Joel and Ethan Coen.[93] Many musicians such as Elton John, Leonard Cohen, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Justin Bieber, Metallica, 50 Cent, Madonna, Paul McCartney, Ziggy Marley, and others have chosen to perform in Israel in recent years.[92][94] Novelist Ian McEwan, upon being awarded the Jerusalem Prize, was urged to turn it down, but said that "If I only went to countries that I approve of, I probably would never get out of bed.... It's not great if everyone stops talking."[92]

The Irish Dance production Riverdance performed in Israel in September 2011, and despite requests that it boycott Israel, Riverdance posted this statement on their website: "Riverdance supports the policy of the Irish Government and indeed the policy of every other EU state that cultural interaction is preferable to isolation".[95]

Reverend Jim Barr, president of the Australia Palestine Advocacy Network, while supporting the boycott, divestment and sanctions campaign against Israel, criticized protesters who prevented shoppers from entering the Israeli-owned Max Brenner chocolate stores in Australia and the subsequent clash between protesters and police, which he said "discredits the whole movement".[96]

In October 2011, Izzat Abdulhadi, head of the General Delegation of Palestine to Australia said that he is against the "full-scale" BDS campaign, and in particular expressed his anger over the occasionally violent protests at the Max Brenner stores in Australia, saying, "BDS is a non-violent process and I don't think it's the right of anybody to use BDS as a violent action or to prevent people from buying from any place."[23]

Creative Community for Peace, founded in late 2011, is an anti-BDS organization made up of music executives and music representatives of bands including Aerosmith, Celine Dion, Lady Gaga, Jennifer Lopez and Justin Timberlake.[97]

Hollywood celebrities Zach Roerig, Paget Brewster, Holt McCallany, Omar Epps, Holly Robinson Peete, Mekhi Phifer, AnnaLynne McCord, Paul Johansson, Dominic Purcell all visited an Israeli Air Force Base as part of a special celebrity mission in May 2012.[98][99]

In May 2012, Madonna performed in Israel, and said that the concert in Tel Aviv was a "peace concert". She offered about 600 tickets to the show to various Israeli and Palestinian groups, but this offer was rejected by Anarchists Against the Wall and the Sheikh Jarrah Solidarity group. One activist said "no one is talking about dismantling the privileged regime or of ending the occupation. They talk of peace as a philosophical thing, without connecting to things happening on the ground and that concert is going in that direction." The offer was accepted by the Palestinian-Israeli Peace NGO Forum.[100]

See also

References

  • Barghouti, Omar (2011). Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions: The Global Struggle for Palestinian Rights. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-114-1.
  • Sonja Karkar (October 2010). "Boycott Divestment Sanctions: A Global Campaign to end Israeli Apartheid" (PDF). Australians for Palestine.

Notes

  1. ^ "Palestinians and Palestine". University of Dayton. 27 August – 1 September 2001. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  2. ^ Alan Cooperman (29 September 2004). "Israel Divestiture Spurs Clash". The Washington Post. p. A08. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  3. ^ Toya Richards Hill (21 June 2006). "GA overwhelmingly approves Israel/Palestine recommendation". 217th General Assembly News. Presbyterian Church (U.S.A). Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  4. ^ "History". Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel. 21 December 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  5. ^ Wolfgang (24 June 2009). "Opgai Profile". OPGAI. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Introducing the BDS Movement". Palestinian BDS National Committee. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  7. ^ National Middle Eastern Presbyterian Caucus Supports and Endorses the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions Campaign Against the Israeli Occupation of Palestine[dead link]
  8. ^ "Human Rights Council elects Advisory Committee Members and approves a number of Special Procedures mandate holders". United Nations. 26 March 2008. Archived from the original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  9. ^ Wayne Schoenfeld, Richard Falk Calls for Corporate Israel Boycott; U.N. Official Backs Calls To Shun Occupation-Backing Firms, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, October 25, 2012.
  10. ^ Michelle Nichols, U.N. expert calls for boycott of companies in Jewish settlements Reuters, October 25, 2012.
  11. ^ Harriet Sherwood, Matthew Kalman in Israel and Sam Jones (9 May 2013). "Stephen Hawking: Furore deepens over Israel boycott". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  12. ^ Robert Booth and Harriet Sherwood (10 May 2013). "Noam Chomsky helped lobby Stephen Hawking to stage Israel boycott". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  13. ^ Strauss Group Ltd. Annual Report, December 31 2012
  14. ^ Hyland, Tom (18 September 2011). "Row over Israeli chocolate leaves a bitter taste". The Age. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  15. ^ Butcher, Steve (24 July 2012). "Victory for Max Brenner Protesters". The Age. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  16. ^ Peter Kohn (8 July 2011). "BDS action leaves bitter taste". The Australian Jewish News. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  17. ^ "Two Australian BDS protesters found guilty of assault". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  18. ^ Gareth Narunsky (24 June 2011). "Police called to action on BDS". The Australian Jewish News. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  19. ^ Aikman, Amos; Shanahan, Leo (20 April 2011). "Greens forced to back down on Israel boycott". The Australian.
  20. ^ a b "Israel boycotts now official NSW Greens policy". The Australian Jewish News. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  21. ^ Kerr, Christian (29 August 2011). "Greens senator Lee Rhiannon stands by Israel boycott". The Australian. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  22. ^ Massola, James; Kelly, Joe (1 April 2011). "Greens leader Bob Brown slaps down Lee Rhiannon on Israel boycott policy". The Australian. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  23. ^ a b Imre Salusinszky (26 October 2011). "Palestinian consul rejects BDS violence". The Australian. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  24. ^ "Greens NSW Reviews BDS". Greens NSW. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  25. ^ "Local Australian political party drops Israel boycott". Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA). 6 December 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  26. ^ Dan Goldberg (5 June 2012). "Australian Jewish conference cancels far-left speakers, renewing controversy". Haaretz. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  27. ^ Alison Savage (30 August 2012). "Labor MP demands apology over BDS claims". Yahoo! 7 News. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  28. ^ Christian Kerr (2 May 2013). "Protests lack link to Israel: BDS fan". The Australian. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  29. ^ "Palestine supporters vow to continue campaign for justice". Green Left Weekly. 4 May 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  30. ^ Strauss Group Ltd. Annual Report, December 31 2012
  31. ^ Julia Gillard denounces activists as anti-Israel protest turns anti-Semitic
  32. ^ Ean Higgins and Christian Kerr (3 May 2013). "Jihad Sheila link to anti-Jewish posts". The Australian. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  33. ^ United Church of Canada approves boycott of settlement goods
  34. ^ Jonathan Lis (11 July 2011). "Israel passes law banning calls for boycott". Haaretz.; description "New Version of Boycott Prohibition Bill Approved for Final Reading". Association for Civil Rights in Israel. 27 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help) which includes a link to download the English translation of the current version of the bill.
  35. ^ Tomer Zarchin and Jonathan Lis (14 July 2011). "Dozens of Israeli law professors protest against the boycott law". Haaretz.
  36. ^ Gerald M. Steinberg (23 February 2011). "Transparency for NGOs is not anti-democratic". Haaretz. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
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Supportive of BDS

Critical of BDS

Debates on BDS and Mixed Support

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