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|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-26 |title=About |url=https://taubetaxho.wordpress.com/about/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Tau Beta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority INC. |language=en}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-26 |title=About |url=https://taubetaxho.wordpress.com/about/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Tau Beta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority INC. |language=en}}</ref> |
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|[[Indiana University School of Nursing|Indiana University]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2023 |title=M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing Undergraduate Handbook 2023 - 2024 |url=https://www1.villanova.edu/dam/villanova/nursing/documents/ug-documents/Undergraduate-Handbook.pdf |access-date=April 17, 2024 |website=Villanova University |page=60}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 05:01, 17 April 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2023) |
Chi Eta Phi | |
---|---|
ΧΗΦ | |
Founded | October 16, 1932 Freedman's Hospital, Washington, D. C. |
Type | Professional |
Affiliation | Independent |
Emphasis | Nursing |
Scope | International |
Mission statement | To elevate the plane of nursing, and to increase interest in the nursing profession. |
Motto | Service for Humanity |
Colors | Pea green and Lemon Yellow |
Flower | White Chrysanthemum with Ivy |
Mascot | Turtle |
Publication | The Glowing Lamp |
Chapters | 101+ (graduate) and 50 (undergraduate) |
Members | 8,000 lifetime |
Headquarters | 3029 13th Street Washington, D.C. 20009 United States |
Website | Chi Eta Phi homepage |
[1][2][3] |
Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. (ΧΗΦ) is an international, nonprofit, professional service organization for registered professional nurses and student nurses, representing many cultures and diverse ethnic backgrounds.[2][3] The sorority has more than 8,000 members located throughout the United States, the District of Columbia, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Monrovia, Liberia. Sarah Killian, DNP, RN is the current national president.
History
Chi Eta Phi Sorority Nursing Sorority was founded on October 16, 1932, at Freedman's Hospital School of Nursing in Washington D.C., now known as Howard University Hospital.[4][5] The organization's foundation was based on concerns, at that time, which regarded restrictions in the employment of black nurses to segregated facilities and hospitals, and menial positions where there was little to no chance of advancement in the profession.[5] African Americans were also unable to join most professional organizations.[5] The Chi Eta Phi founders sought to encourage African Americans to pursue a career in nursing and to enhance the status of Black nurses.[4]
The charter chapter, Alpha, was founded and organized by Ailene Carrington Ewell, RN, with the assistance of eleven other black registered nurses, collectively known as the "Jewels".[4][5][6] The founders were:[7][8]
- Clara E. Beverly
- Lillian Mosely Boswell
- Gladys Louise Catchings
- Bessie Foster Cephas
- Henrietta Smith Chisholm
- Susan Elizabeth Freeman
- Ruth Turner Garrett
- Olivia Larkins Howard
- Mildred Wood Lucas
- Clara Belle Royster
- Katherine Chandler Turner
Its first executive secretary was Mabel Keaton Staupers.[9]
Originally, the sorority's membership was limited to female Black nurses.[5] Members offered local health screenings, provided health education, raised funds to provide scholarships for nursing students, and provided those in need within their communities with clothing, food, and money.[10] The sorority also raised funds to start and operated a health clinic in Monrovia, Liberia.[10]
Chi Eta Phi became affiliated with the National Council of Negro Women.[11] In August 1973, the sorority and the American Nurses Association added a monument to the grave of Mary Eliza Mahoney, considered the first Black professional nurse in the United States.[11]
The sorority welcomed its first male member in 1977.[12] Today, Chi Eta Phi is a professional organization, rather than a sorority, and its membership is no longer restricted by race or gender.[5][13] It belongs to the American Nurses Association's Nursing Organizational Liason Forum.[13]
In 2010, it had initiated 8,000 members and had formed 90 graduate chapters and 50 undergraduate chapters.[5] Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C.[6]
Symbols
The name Chi Eta Phi was chosen for its Greek letters which stand for Character, Education, and Friendship.[4]
The sorority's colors are pea green and lemon yellow. Its flower is the white chrysanthemum with ivy. Its mascot is the turtle, chosen because it is determined, persevering, a risk taker, sure-footed, and purposefully directed.[14] Its motto is "Service for Humanity".[4][6]
Activities
The sorority's programs focus on health promotion/disease prevention, leadership development, mentoring, recruitment, retention, and scholarship. These programs include national, regional, and local conferences, seminars, and workshops; consumer health education programs throughout different communities; leadership development programs/summits that focus on continuing education; recruitment and retention of nursing students; and award recognition of outstanding nurses in the profession.[4][6]
The organization has relationships with many civic, professional, and educational groups including the American Nurses' Association, the National Council of Negro Women, the United Negro College Fund, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the Adolescent Pregnancy Child Watch program.[4][6] Its members also volunteer for Student Nurses Tutorial Project.[4]
Publications
Chi Eta Phi has s, everal publications including:[15]
- Chi Line, semi-annual newsletter
- The Glowing Lamp, Journal of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, annual peer-reviewed
It has also published a few books:
- The History of the Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc.1932–1967 (1968)
- Mary Eliza Mahoney, America's First Black Professional Nurse (1986) ISBN 978-0935087130
- Lillian H. Harvey 1912-1994: A Short Biography (1996) ISBN 0-9625901-0-X
- The History of the Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc.: Vol. II 1968–1997 (1998)
- The Nurse in the Kitchen (2010) ISBN 978-1449065492
Membership
Membership in Chi Eta Phi is open to nursing students and registered professional nurses.[5] Membership is not restricted by race, gender, or ethnicity.[5]
Chapters
The graduate and undergraduate (Beta) chapters are grouped into five regions according to geographic areas. There are over 101 graduate chapters and 41 undergraduate chapters located in 33 states, Washington, D.C., St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, and Monrovia, Liberia. Membership is by invitation and is both active and honorary.
Collegiate chapters
Following is a list of Chi Eta Phi collegiate chapters.[16][17][18] Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters are in italics.
- ^ The chapter went dormant when South Carolina State University ended its nursing program.
Graduate chapters
Following are the graduate chapters of Chi Eta Phi.[28][17][18] Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters are in italics.
Chapter | Charter date and range | Location | Status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alpha | October 16, 1932 | Washington, D.C. | Active | [29][30][31] |
Delta | 1937 | Active | [32] | |
Epsilon | May 3, 1939 | Tuskegee, Alabama | Active | |
Eta | November 19, 1939 | Norfolk, Virginia | Active | [33] |
Gamma | April 26, 1946 | Baltimore, Maryland | Active | [30][21] |
Zeta | April 29, 1946 | Richmond, Virginia | Active | [30][31] |
Theta | April 1948 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Active | [30] |
Iota | May 22, 1948 | Charlotte, North Carolina | Active | |
Kappa | May 1, 1949 | Pittsbugh, Pennsylvania | Active | [34] |
Lambda | September 5, 1951 | Asheville, North Carolina | Active | [10] |
Mu | Inactive | |||
Nu | December 5, 1952 | Miami, Florida | Active | |
Xi | June 5, 1953 | Birmingham, Alabma | Active | |
Omicron | September 26, 1954 | New York City, New York | Active | [30] |
Pi | April 30, 1955 | Durham, North Carolina | Active | |
Rho | March 30, 1956 | St Louis, Missouri | Active | |
Sigma | October 11, 1958 | Jacksonville, Florida | Actve | |
Tau | March 30, 1957 | Hampton, Virginia | Active | [30] |
Upsilon (see Xi Phi) | 1959 | Dallas, Texas | Reestablished | [35] |
Phi | May 30, 1959 | Tampa, Floria | Inactive | |
Chi | Inactive | |||
Psi | Inactive | |||
Omega | May 13, 1961 | Suffolk, Virginia | Active | [30] |
Alpha Chi | May 27, 1961 | Nashville, Tennessee | Active | |
Gamma Chi | July 21, 1962 | Atlanta, Georgia | Active | |
Delta Chi | October 13, 1962 | Macon, Georgia | Inactive | |
Beta Chi | April 26, 1963 | Memphis, Tennessee | Inactive | |
Epsion Chi | Inactive | |||
Zeta Chi | November 29, 1963 | Houston, Texas | Active | [36] |
Eta Chi | April 24, 1965 | Indianapolis, Indiana | Active | |
Theta Chi | May 22, 1965 | Queens, New York | Active | [30][12] |
Iota Chi | Bronx, New York | Active | [30] | |
Kappa Chi | October 30, 1965 | Columbus, Georgia | Active | |
Lambda Chi | November 13,1965 | Detroit, Michigan | Active | |
Mu Chi | May 7, 1966 | Los Angeles, California | Active | [37] |
Nu Chi | May 28, 1966 | Cleveland, Ohio | Active | |
Xi Chi | Inactive | |||
Omicron Chi | April 19, 1969 | Charleston, South Carolina | Active | |
Pi Chi | Mount Bayou, Mississippi | Inactive | ||
Rho Chi | Inactive | |||
Sigma Chi | November 20, 1971 | Greensboro, North Carolina | Active | [8] |
Tau Chi | May 27, 1972 | Somerset, New Jersey | Active | [30][38] |
Upsilon Chi | September 6, 1975 | Knoxville, Tennessee | Active | |
Rho Kappa | May 29, 1971 | New Orleans, Louisiana | Active | [39] |
Phi Chi | May 21, 1977 | Augusta, Georgia | Active | |
Chi Chi | September 23, 1978 | Winston-Salem, North Carolina | Active | |
Psi Chi | May 12, 1979 | Salisbury, North Carolina | Active | |
Omega Chi | May 26, 1979 | Brooklyn, New York | Active | [30][40] |
Alpha Eta | May 24, 1980 | Chicago, Illinois | Active | |
Gamma Eta | March 13, 1982 | Columbus, Ohio | Active | |
Delta Eta | June 19, 1982 | Columbia, South Carolina | Active | |
Epsilon Eta | Inactive | |||
Zeta Eta | October 8, 1983 | Fort Wayne, Indiana | Active | |
Eta Eta | April 14, 1984 | Petersburg, Virginia | Active | [30][41] |
Theta Eta | December 8, 1984 | San Antonio, Texas | Active | [42] |
Iota Eta | 1985 | Colorado | Active | [32] |
Kappa Eta | September 27, 1986 | Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York | Active | [30] |
Lambda Eta | October 11, 1986 | Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas | Active | [43][27] |
Mu Eta | October 10, 1987 | Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands | Active | |
Nu Eta | March 18, 1989 | West Palm Beach, Florida | Inactive | |
Xi Eta | October 14, 1989 | Orangeburg, South Carolina | Inactive | |
Omicron Eta | Tampa, Florida | Inactive | ||
Pi Eta | Inactive | |||
Rho Eta | December 2, 1989 | Selma, Alabama | Active | |
Sigma Eta | March 24, 1990 | Montgomery, Alabama | Active | |
Tau Eta | September 29, 1990 | Wilmington, Delaware | Active | [30][44] |
Upsilon Eta | January 26, 1991 | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | Active | [45] |
Phi Eta | May 18, 1991 | Ocala, Florida | Active | |
Chi Eta | Inactive | |||
Psi Eta | June 8, 1991 | Long Beach, California | Active | [46] |
Omega Eta | December 14, 1991 | Port Charlotte, Florida | Inactive | |
Alpha Phi | 1992 | Stockton, California | Active | [32] |
Gamma Phi | 1992 | Lawnside, New Jersey | Active | [30] |
Delta Phi | May 13, 1993 | Greenville, South Carolna | Inactive | |
Epsilon Phi | Inactive | |||
Zeta Phi | June 5, 1993 | Lexington, Kentucky | Active | |
Eta Phi | October 9, 1993 | Mobile, Alabama | Active | |
Theta Phi | October 23, 1993 | Auburn, Alabama | Active | |
Iota Phi | Portsmouth, Virginia | Active | [30] | |
Kappa Phi | January 22, 1994 | Florence, Alabama | Active | |
Lambda Phi | March 19, 1994 | Prince George's County, Maryland | Active | [30] |
Mu Phi | February 25, 1995 | Stone Mountain, Georgia | Active | |
Nu Phi | April 15, 1995 | Waukegan, Illinois | Active | |
Xi Phi (see Upsilon) | May 6, 1995 | Dallas, Texas | Active | [35] |
Omicron Phi | Inactive | |||
Pi Phi | Inactive | |||
Rho Phi | March 14, 1998 | Raleigh, North Carolina | Active | |
Sigma Phi | September 12, 1998 | Waco and McLennan County, Texas | Active | [47] |
Tau Phi | Inactive | |||
Upsilon Phi | September 25, 1999 | Florence and Darlington, South Carolina | Active | |
Phi Phi | December 9, 2000 | Sumter, South Carolina | Active | |
Chi Phi | June 30, 2001 | Tallahassee, Florida | Active | |
Psi Phi | August 2, 2002 | Baton Rouge, Louisiana | Active | [48] |
Omega Phi | Inactive | |||
Alpha Chi Chi | November 20, 2004 | Florissant, Missouri | Active | |
Beta Chi Chi | Rochester, New York | Active | [30] | |
Gamma Chi Chi | November 3, 2007 | Nacogdoches, Texas | Active | [49] |
Delta Chi Chi | February 23, 2008 | Jacksonville, Florida | Active | |
Epsilon Chi Chi | Inactive | |||
Zeta Chi Chi | May 28, 2011 | Savannah, Georgia | Active | |
Eta Chi Chi | Inactive | |||
Theta Chi Chi | May 30, 2015 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | Active | |
Iota Chi Chi | June 27, 2015 | Flint, Michigan | Active | |
Kappa Chi Chi | 2015 | Honolulu, Hawaii | Active | [32] |
Lambda Chi Chi | August 22, 2015 | Oakland, California | Active | [29] |
Mu Chi Chi | September 10, 2015 | Pine Bluff, Arkansas | Active | [50] |
Nu Chi Chi | Inactive | |||
Xi Chi Chi | November 14, 2015 | Hattiesburg, Mississippi | Active | |
Omicron Chi Chi | Inactive | |||
Pi Chi Chi | Feburary 20, 2016 | Active | [51] | |
Rho Chi Chi | March 19, 2016 | Columbia, Maryland | Active | [52] |
Sigma Chi Chi | February 2, 2016 | Bryant, Arkansas | Active | [53] |
Tau Chi Chi | May 14, 2016 | Zachary and Clinton, Louisiana | Active | [54] |
Upsilon Chi Chi | Inactive | |||
Phi Chi Chi | June 18, 2016 | Vicksburg, Mississippi | Active | |
Chi Chi Chi | July 16, 2016 | Memphis, Tennessee | Active | |
Psi Chi Chi | August 6, 2016 | Chattanooga, Tennessee | Active | |
Omega Chi Chi | August 27, 2016 | Macon, Georgia | Active | |
Alpha Eta Eta | September 24, 2016 | Ann Arbor, Michigan | Active | |
Beta Eta Eta | November 19, 2016 | Mendenhall, Mississippi | Active | |
Gamma Eta Eta | May 20, 2017 | Clinton, North Carolina | Active | |
Delta Eta Eta | June 3, 2017 | Cincinnati, Ohio | Active | |
Epsilon Eta Eta | September 9, 2017 | Kansas City, Kansas | Active | |
Zeta Eta Eta | September 16, 2017 | Orangeburg, South Carolina | Active | |
Eta Eta Eta | 2019 | Las Vegas, Nevada | Active | [32] |
Theta Eta Eta | Bucks County, Pennsylvania | Active | [30] |
Notable members
- Margaret E. Bailey, United States Army Nurse Corps colonel.
- Gladys L. Catchings (Alpha, 1932), nurse, hospital administrator, and nurse educator[55]
- Mary Starke Harper (1996), nurse who worked in bedside nursing, nurse research and health policy
- Mary Eliza Mahoney (Alpha, 1979, posthumous honorary), first Black professional nurse in the United States[11]
- Estelle Massey Osborne (Omicron, honorary), nurse and educator[56]
- Lula Warlick, nurse, educator, and nursing administrator
References
- ^ "Diamond Jubilee". 30 March 2013.
- ^ a b About US Archived June 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b History Archived November 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f g h Starnes, Richard D. (2003-12-16). "Chi Eta Phi". In Mjagkij, Nina (ed.). Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations. Routledge. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-135-58122-0 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Members of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. (2010-04-09). The Nurse in the Kitchen. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. pp. ix–x. ISBN 978-1-4520-5914-3 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e Stokes, Lillian G. (2011-12-19). "Chi Eta Psi Sorority, Incorporated". In Feldman, Harriet R. (ed.). Nursing Leadership: A Concise Encyclopedia (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-0-8261-2177-6 – via Google Books.
- ^ Founders Archived July 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Chi Eta Phi Chapter Marks Founders Day". Greensboro News and Record. 1997-11-22. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Society World". JET. 70 (24): 31. September 1, 1986. ISSN 0021-5996 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c Pollitt, Phoebe Ann (2016-02-19). African American and Cherokee Nurses in Appalachia: A History, 1900-1965. McFarland. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-4766-2216-3 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c Davis, Althea T. (1999). Early Black American Leaders in Nursing: Architects for Integration and Equality. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7637-1009-5 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Theta Chi Chapter | About Us". Theta Chi Chapter Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b Hein, Eleanor C. (2001). Nursing Issues in the 21st Century: Perspectives from the Literature. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-7817-3017-4.
- ^ "Mascot". Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Publications". Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Beta Chapters". Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. 2021-12-10. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "Chapters". Southeast Region Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "Middlewest Region Chapters". Midwest Region Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "About". Tau Beta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority INC. 2016-06-26. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Nursing Organizations | School of Nursing". University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "Gamma Alpha Beta Chapter". Gamma Chapter, Inc. of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing Undergraduate Handbook 2023 - 2024" (PDF). Villanova University. August 2023. p. 60. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
- ^ "About Us". Delta Eta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Student Organizations and Honor Awards". Duquesne University. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Theta Chi Beta Chapter". Theta Chi Chapter Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Student Nursing Organizations". Bowie State. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "About Us". Lambda Eta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Chapters". Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "About". Lambda Chi Chi. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "The Powerful Northeast Region of Chi Eta Phi Sorority Inc.: A Yearbook Compilation 2019-2021" (PDF). 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2024.
- ^ a b "History". Zeta Chapter, Inc. Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. 2020-03-07. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b c d e "Chapters". Southwest Region Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Our History". Chi Eta Phi Norfolk. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "About Us". Kappa Chapter of Chi Eta Phi. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ a b "Xi Phi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Zeta Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Mu Chi Chapter History". Mu Chi Chapter Sorority, Inc. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "The Tau Chi Chapter, Inc. of Chi Eta Phi Incorporated | Nursing Network". The Tau Chi Chapter, Inc. of Chi Eta Phi Incorporated | Nursing Network. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Rho Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "About Us". Omega Chi Chapter Chi Eta Phi Sorority. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Eta Eta Chapter | History". etaetachapterxho. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Theta Eta | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Lambda Eta | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "The Tau Eta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority Inc | Nursing Network". The Tau Eta Chapter of Chi Eta Phi Sorority Inc | Nursing Network. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Upsilon Eta | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Historymakers: Founding of Psi Eta Chapter". Psi Eta Chapter, Chi Eta Phi Sorority Inc. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Sigma Phi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Psi Phi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Gamma Chi Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Mu Chi Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Pi Chi Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Rho Chi Chi History". Rho Chi Chi Chapter Inc. of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. | Nursing Network. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Sigma Chi Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Tau Chi Chi | Middlesouth Region Chi Eta Phi". Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "Outstanding nurses honored at ANA Convention in Hawaii". AORN Journal. 28 (3): 416–417. 1978-09-01. doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(07)61633-0. ISSN 1878-0369.
- ^ Feldman, Harriet R.; Alexander, G. Rumay (2011-12-19). Nursing Leadership: A Concise Encyclopedia, Second Edition. Springer Publishing Company. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-8261-2176-9 – via Google Books.