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|[[Dzongkha language|Dzongkha]] |
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|[[Dzongkha language|Dzongkha]] |
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|([[Dzongkha Development Commission]]) |
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|([[Dzongkha Development Commission]]) |
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⚫ |
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|[[English language|English]] |
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|[[English Academy of Southern Africa]] (unofficial) |
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|[[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
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|[[Estonian language|Estonian]] |
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|[[Kielitoimisto]] (Language Planning Department of the [[Research Institute for the Languages of Finland]]) |
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|[[Kielitoimisto]] (Language Planning Department of the [[Research Institute for the Languages of Finland]]) |
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|[[Standard French|French]] |
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|[[French language|French]] |
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|[[Académie française]] (French Academy), [[Office québécois de la langue française]] (Quebec Office of the French Language) |
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|France: [[Académie française]] (French Academy), Quebec: [[Office québécois de la langue française]] (Quebec Office of the French Language) |
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|[[Friulian]] |
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|[[Friulian]] |
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|[[Rada Języka Polskiego]] (Polish Language Council) |
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|[[Rada Języka Polskiego]] (Polish Language Council) |
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|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese (Brazil)]] |
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|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
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|[[Academia Brasileira de Letras]] (Brazilian Literary Academy) |
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|Brazil: [[Academia Brasileira de Letras]] (Brazilian Literary Academy); Portugal: [[Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras]] |
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|[[Romanian language|Romanian]] |
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| Romania: Institutul de Lingvisticǎ al [[Romanian Academy|Academiei Române]] (Institute for Linguistics of the [[Romanian Academy]]) ; Moldova: [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova|Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei]] |
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|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese (Portugal)]] |
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|[[Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras]] |
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| ⚫ |
|[[Romanian language|Romanian (Romania)]] |
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| ⚫ |
|Institutul de Lingvisticǎ al [[Romanian Academy|Academiei Române]] (Institute for Linguistics of the [[Romanian Academy]]) |
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|[[Romanian language|Romanian (Moldova)]] |
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|[[Academy of Sciences of Moldova|Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei]] |
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|[[Russian language|Russian]] |
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|[[Russian language|Russian]] |
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|[[Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa]] |
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|[[Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa]] |
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|[[Standard Swedish|Swedish]] |
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|[[Swedish language|Swedish]] |
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|[[Swedish Language Council]] (semi-official) |
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|Sweden: [[Swedish Language Council]] (semi-official), Finland: [[Svenska språkbyrån]] (Swedish Language Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland) |
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|- |
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|[[Finland-Swedish|Swedish (Finland)]] |
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|[[Svenska språkbyrån]] (Swedish Language Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland) |
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|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] |
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|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] |
This is a list of bodies that regulate standard languages.
Natural languages
| Languages
|
Regulators
|
| Afrikaans
|
Die Taalkommissie, South Africa
|
| Albanian
|
Academy of Sciences of Albania, Tirana, Albania
|
| Arabic
|
Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية) Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Iraq, Tunisia, Sudan, Israel
|
| Aragonese
|
Academia de l'Aragonés [1], Aragon, Spain
|
| Armenian
|
Armenian Academy of Sciences
|
| Asturian
|
Academia de la Llingua Asturiana
|
| Bangla / Bengali
|
Bangla Academy, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
or Paschimbanga Bangla Academy, Kolkata, West Bengal
|
| Basque
|
Euskaltzaindia-Royal Academy of the Basque language
|
| Belarusian
|
Iнстытут мовы i лiтаратуры iмя Я. Коласа і Я. Купалы Нацыянальнай Акадэміі навук Беларусі — J. Kolas and J. Kupala Institute of Language and Literature at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
|
| Berber or Tamazight
|
IRCAM (Morocco) [2], HCA (Algeria) [3]
|
| Bulgarian
|
Institute for Bulgarian Language [4] at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
|
| Burmese
|
Myanmar Language Commission
|
| Catalan
|
Institut d'Estudis Catalans and Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (for the valencian standard)
|
| Cebuano
|
Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters, Philippines
|
| Mandarin Chinese
|
State Language and Letters Committee of the PRC (国家语言文字工作委员会); Standard Mandarin is also regulated by the Mandarin Promotion Council (國語推行委員會) of the Republic of China
|
| Cornish
|
Cornish Language Partnership (Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek)
|
| Croatian
|
Vijeće za normu hrvatskoga standardnog jezika (Council for Standard Croatian Language Norm)
attached to the Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje [5] (Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics)
|
| Czech
|
Czech Language Institute (Ústav pro jazyk český)
|
| Danish
|
Dansk Sprognævn (Danish Language Board)
|
| Dalecarlian
|
Ulum Dalska
|
| Dari
|
Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
|
| Dutch
|
Nederlandse Taalunie (Dutch Language Union)
|
| Dzongkha
|
(Dzongkha Development Commission)
|
| English
|
English Academy of Southern Africa (unofficial)
|
| Estonian
|
Language Board at the Mother Tongue Society [6] (Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond) sets rules and standards, authoritative advice is given by the Institute of the Estonian Language [7]
|
| Faroese
|
Faroese Language Board (Føroyska málnevndin)
|
| Filipino
|
Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino [8]
|
| Finnish
|
Kielitoimisto (Language Planning Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland)
|
| French
|
France: Académie française (French Academy), Quebec: Office québécois de la langue française (Quebec Office of the French Language)
|
| Friulian
|
Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane (Regional Agency for the Friulian Language) [9]
|
| Galician
|
Real Academia Galega (Royal Galician Academy, official)
|
| German
|
Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung [10] (Council for German Orthogaphy)
|
| Hebrew
|
Academy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית)
|
| Hindi
|
Central Hindi Directorate (regulates use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India.[1])
|
| Hungarian
|
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Nyelvtudományi Intézete (Research Institute for Linguistics at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
|
| Icelandic
|
Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
|
| Igbo
|
Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture
|
| Indonesian
|
Pusat Bahasa (Language Center)
|
| Irish
|
Foras na Gaeilge
|
| Italian
|
Accademia della Crusca
|
| Japanese
|
No official centralized regulation, but de facto regulations by Agency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁) at the Ministry of Education of Japan (文部科学省)
|
| Kannada
|
Various academies and Government of Karnataka
|
| Kashubian
|
Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka (Commission of the Kashubian Language) [11]
|
| Korean
|
The National Institute of the Korean Language [12] (국립국어원)
|
| Latin
|
Opus Fundatum Latinitas (Latin in the Roman Catholic Church)
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy: botanical Latin)
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: zoological Latin)
|
| Latvian
|
Latvian State Language Center (Valsts Valodas Centrs)
|
| Lithuanian
|
Commission of the Lithuanian Language (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija)
|
| Lusoga
|
Lusoga Language Authority, (LULA) (Uganda)
|
| Macedonian
|
Macedonian Language Institute "Krste Misirkov",
|
| Malay
|
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (The Institute of Language and Literature)
|
| Maltese
|
Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti (www.kunsilltalmalti.gov.mt)
|
| Manx
|
Coonseil ny Gaelgey
|
| Maori
|
Maori Language Commission
|
| Mixtec
|
Ve'e Tu'un Sávi (Academy of the Mixtec Language)
|
| Mongolian (Mongolia)
|
Council of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government. [13]
|
| Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk)
|
Norwegian Language Council
|
| Occitan
|
Conselh de la Lenga Occitana (Occitan Language Council)
|
| Pashto
|
Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
|
| Persian
|
Academy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی)
|
| Polish
|
Rada Języka Polskiego (Polish Language Council)
|
| Portuguese
|
Brazil: Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Literary Academy); Portugal: Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Letras
|
| Romanian
|
Romania: Institutul de Lingvisticǎ al Academiei Române (Institute for Linguistics of the Romanian Academy); Moldova: Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei
|
| Russian
|
Russian Academy (1783-1841); Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1944)
|
| Scots
|
Scotland: Scots Tung, promotes Lowland Scots.
Ireland: the Ulster-Scots Agency, a cross-border agency, promotes Ulster Scots.
|
| Scottish Gaelic
|
Bòrd na Gàidhlig maintains the national plan for Gaelic, to promote its use and make Gaelic culture accessible
|
| Serbian
|
Matica Srpska, Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
|
| Sindhi
|
Sindhi Language Authority[14]
|
| Slovak
|
Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovenská akadémia vied)
|
| Slovene
|
Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts
|
| Sorbian
|
Serbski institut - website
|
| Spanish
|
Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (constituted by the Real Academia Española plus 21 other separate national academies in the Spanish speaking world)
|
| Swahili
|
Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa
|
| Swedish
|
Sweden: Swedish Language Council (semi-official), Finland: Svenska språkbyrån (Swedish Language Department of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland)
|
| Tamil
|
Thanjavur Tamil University and Official language Commission of Government of Tamil Nadu
|
| Telugu
|
Telugu Academy and Official Language Commission of Government of Andhra Pradesh
|
| Tetum
|
National Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor
|
| Thai
|
The Royal Institute (Thailand) (ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน)
|
| Turkish
|
Turkish Language Association
|
| Ukrainian
|
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
|
| Urdu
|
National Language Authority, Pakistan
|
| Võro
|
Võro Institute
|
| Waray
|
Sanghiran San Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy for Samar-Leyte Visayan) [15] defunct
|
| Welsh
|
Welsh Language Board (Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg) [16]
|
| West Frisian
|
Fryske Akademy (Frisian Academy)
|
| Wolof
|
Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal)
|
| Yiddish
|
YIVO [17]
|
| Yoruba
|
The Yoruba Academy
|
Auxiliary languages
Interlingua
The auxiliary language Interlingua has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary is verified and recorded by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies.
Constructed languages
Languages such as Esperanto and Ido have been constructed (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and developed by communities of users. Bodies such as the Akademio de Esperanto look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.
See also
References
