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===Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===
===Indo-Pakistani War of 1965===
⚫
Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam emerged from 1965 War as Pakistan's top scoring fighter ace. The picture shows him in his favourite F-86 F-35-NA with the victory tally marked on the aircraft (Nine kills and two probable). Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam, Commander of No 11 Squadron in 1965, was already a notable leader and highly experienced pilot. He also excelled in gunnery competition as a skill that without a doubt contributed greatly to his becoming the first and the only jet ace in one mission.<ref name=PAF/>
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
⚫
Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam emerged from 1965 War as Pakistan's top scoring fighter ace. The picture shows him in his favourite F-86 F-35-NA with the victory tally marked on the aircraft (Nine kills and two probable). Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam, Commander of No 11 Squadron in 1965, was already a notable leader and highly experienced pilot. He also excelled in gunnery competition as a skill that without a doubt contributed greatly to his becoming the first and the only jet ace in one mission.<ref name=PAF/>
Alam was listed on the top of the hall of fame list at the PAF Museum in Karachi. Alam is considered a national hero for Pakistan, most significantly for his service in the war of 1965 when he was posted at [[Sargodha]]. During this war he was involved in various [[dogfight]]s while flying his [[F-86 Sabre]] fighter. He downed nine Indian [[Hawker Hunter]] fighters in [[Dogfight|air-to-air combat]], and damaged two others .<ref name=PAF/>
Alam was listed on the top of the hall of fame list at the PAF Museum in Karachi. Alam is considered a national hero for Pakistan, most significantly for his service in the war of 1965 when he was posted at [[Sargodha]]. During this war he was involved in various [[dogfight]]s while flying his [[F-86 Sabre]] fighter. He downed nine Indian [[Hawker Hunter]] fighters in [[Dogfight|air-to-air combat]], and damaged two others .<ref name=PAF/>
In one mission on 7 September 1965, Alam downed five [[Indian Air Force|Indian aircraft]] in less than a minute, the last four within 30 seconds, establishing a world record, with total of nine aircraft downed in the war.<ref name=PAF/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm |title=Alam's Speed-shooting Classic |publisher=Defencejournal.com |last=[[Air Cdre M Kaiser Tufail]] |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fricker|first=John|title=Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ |pages=15–17 |quote=before we had completed more than of about 270-degree of the turn, at around 12-degree per second, all four hunters had been shot down ... My fifth victim of this sortie started spewing smoke and then rolled on to his back at about 1000 feet.}}</ref><ref name=Polmar>{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|title=One hundred years of world military aircraft|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlHDyi87AQYC|year=2003|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-59114-686-5|page=354|first2=Dana |last2=Bell|quote=Mohammed Mahmood Alam claimed five victories against Indian Air Force Hawker Hunters, four of them in less than one minute! Alam, who ended the conflict with 11 kills, became history's only jet "ace-in-a-day."}}</ref><ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict">{{cite book|last=O' Nordeen|first=Lon|title=Air Warfare in the Missile Age|year=1985|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-87474-680-8|pages=84–87}}</ref> Alam's confirmed kills are as follows:
In one mission on 7 September 1965, Alam downed five [[Indian Air Force|Indian aircraft]] in less than a minute, the last four within 30 seconds, establishing a world record, with total of nine aircraft downed in the war.<ref name=PAF/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/september/alam.htm |title=Alam's Speed-shooting Classic |publisher=Defencejournal.com |last=[[Air Cdre M Kaiser Tufail]] |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fricker|first=John|title=Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ |pages=15–17 |quote=before we had completed more than of about 270-degree of the turn, at around 12-degree per second, all four hunters had been shot down ... My fifth victim of this sortie started spewing smoke and then rolled on to his back at about 1000 feet.}}</ref><ref name=Polmar>{{cite book|last1=Polmar|first1=Norman|title=One hundred years of world military aircraft|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlHDyi87AQYC|year=2003|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-1-59114-686-5|page=354|first2=Dana |last2=Bell|quote=Mohammed Mahmood Alam claimed five victories against Indian Air Force Hawker Hunters, four of them in less than one minute! Alam, who ended the conflict with 11 kills, became history's only jet "ace-in-a-day."}}</ref><ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict">{{cite book|last=O' Nordeen|first=Lon|title=Air Warfare in the Missile Age|year=1985|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-87474-680-8|pages=84–87}}</ref> Alam's confirmed kills are as follows:
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** Flying Officer Farokh Dara Bunsha, No. 7 Sqn, KIA, near [[Amritsar]].
** Flying Officer Farokh Dara Bunsha, No. 7 Sqn, KIA, near [[Amritsar]].


The Pakistan Air Force figures have been disputed by Indian sources which claim that Alam made four kills, attributing one of the losses of [[Sqn Ldr]] Onkar Nath Kacker's aircraft to technical failure or some other cause, including the possibility of ground fire.<ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh |first=Pushpindar |title=Fiza ya, Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force |publisher=Himalayan Books |year=1991 |isbn=81-7002-038-7|page=30}}</ref> They also claim that gun camera footage of Alam's kills is yet to be made public and therefore some of the kills cannot be confirmed.<ref name=Rakshak>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1965War/Chapter5.html 30 Seconds Over Sargodha – The Making of a Myth: 1965 Indo-Pak Air War, Chapter 5] {{wayback|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1965War/Chapter5.html |date=20100207194926 |df=y }}, [[Bharat Rakshak]]</ref>
The Pakistan Air Force figures have been disputed by Indian sources which claim that Alam made four kills, attributing one of the losses of [[Sqn Ldr]] Onkar Nath Kacker's aircraft to technical failure or some other cause, including the possibility of ground fire.<ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Singh |first=Pushpindar |title=Fiza ya, Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force |publisher=Himalayan Books |year=1991 |isbn=81-7002-038-7|page=30}}</ref> They also claim that gun camera footage of Alam's kills is yet to be made public and therefore his kills cannot be confirmed.<ref name=Rakshak>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1965War/Chapter5.html 30 Seconds Over Sargodha – The Making of a Myth: 1965 Indo-Pak Air War, Chapter 5] {{wayback|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1965War/Chapter5.html |date=20100207194926 |df=y }}, [[Bharat Rakshak]]</ref> In his book, ''Flight of the Falcon: Demolishing Myths of the 1965 War'' PAF Air Commodore S. Sajad Haider demolished Alam’s claims referring to Alam as a ''very unprofessional pilot'', Haider says; ''It is tactically and mathematically very difficult to resurrect the incident in which all five Hunters in a hard turn were claimed to have been shot down in a 270-degree turn in 23 seconds''.<ref>[http://in.rbth.com/blogs/stranger_than_fiction/2015/09/14/war-of-attrition-how-the-outgunned-iaf-beat-the-paf_396591 War of attrition]</ref>


In 1967, Alam was transferred as the Squadron Commander of the first squadron of [[Dassault Mirage III]] fighters procured by the [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]]. He was removed from staff college based on a false pretext in May 1969. In 1972, he commanded No. 26 Squadron for two months.<ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref>
In 1967, Alam was transferred as the Squadron Commander of the first squadron of [[Dassault Mirage III]] fighters procured by the [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]]. He was removed from staff college based on a false pretext in May 1969. In 1972, he commanded No. 26 Squadron for two months.<ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref>

Revision as of 07:41, 25 March 2016

Muhammad Mahmood Alam
محمد محمود عالم
Muhammad Mahmood Alam in 2010
Nickname(s)Little Dragon
Born(1935-07-06)6 July 1935
Calcutta, British India
Died18 March 2013(2013-03-18) (aged 77)
Karachi, Pakistan
Allegiance Pakistan
Service/branch Pakistan Air Force
Years of service1960–1982
Rank Air commodore (Brigadier-General)
UnitNo. 11 Squadron Arrows (1965)[1]
No. 5 Squadron Falcons
Battles/warsIndo-Pakistani War of 1965
Soviet War in Afghanistan
AwardsSitara-e-Jurat and Bar[citation needed]

Muhammad Mahmood Alam (Urdu: محمد محمود عالم, Bengali: মোহাম্মদ মাহমূদ আলম) (known as M.M. Alam; 6 July 1935 – 18 March 2013) was[2] a Pakistani fighter pilot, an F-86 Sabre flying ace and one-star general who served with the Pakistan Air Force. Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam, Commander of No 11 Squadron, was already a notable leader and highly experienced pilot in 1965, when he was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat ("The star of courage"), a Pakistani military decoration, for his actions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Alam holds the record of having downed five Indian Air Force aircraft in less than a minute.[3]

Early life

Alam was born on 6 July 1935 to a well-educated family of Calcutta, British India. Born and raised in Bengal, Alam was a fluent Bengali speaker, however his paternal line was of Urdu-speaking Bihari origin; having emigrated from Patna and settled in the Bengal province of British India for a long time.[4] The family migrated from Calcutta to eastern Bengal which became East Pakistan following the formation of Pakistan in 1947.[4] It was in East Pakistan, where Alam completed his secondary education, graduating from the Government High School in Dhaka in 1951. He joined the then RPAF (now PAF) in 1952, being commissioned on 2 October 1953.[5] Alam's brothers are M. Shahid Alam, an economist and a professor at Northeastern University,[6][7] and M. Sajjad Alam, a particle physicist at SUNY Albany.[8]

His family moved to West Pakistan in around 1971, after the secession of East Pakistan.[4] Being the eldest of his 11 siblings, Alam did not marry as he had to assume the responsibilities of the upbringing of his family. Some of his younger brothers became distinguished in various academic careers.[5]

Service with the Pakistan Air Force

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam emerged from 1965 War as Pakistan's top scoring fighter ace. The picture shows him in his favourite F-86 F-35-NA with the victory tally marked on the aircraft (Nine kills and two probable). Squadron Leader Muhammad Mahmud Alam, Commander of No 11 Squadron in 1965, was already a notable leader and highly experienced pilot. He also excelled in gunnery competition as a skill that without a doubt contributed greatly to his becoming the first and the only jet ace in one mission.[1] Alam was listed on the top of the hall of fame list at the PAF Museum in Karachi. Alam is considered a national hero for Pakistan, most significantly for his service in the war of 1965 when he was posted at Sargodha. During this war he was involved in various dogfights while flying his F-86 Sabre fighter. He downed nine Indian Hawker Hunter fighters in air-to-air combat, and damaged two others .[1] In one mission on 7 September 1965, Alam downed five Indian aircraft in less than a minute, the last four within 30 seconds, establishing a world record, with total of nine aircraft downed in the war.[1][9][10][11][12] Alam's confirmed kills are as follows:

The Pakistan Air Force figures have been disputed by Indian sources which claim that Alam made four kills, attributing one of the losses of Sqn Ldr Onkar Nath Kacker's aircraft to technical failure or some other cause, including the possibility of ground fire.[14][15] They also claim that gun camera footage of Alam's kills is yet to be made public and therefore his kills cannot be confirmed.[16] In his book, Flight of the Falcon: Demolishing Myths of the 1965 War PAF Air Commodore S. Sajad Haider demolished Alam’s claims referring to Alam as a very unprofessional pilot, Haider says; It is tactically and mathematically very difficult to resurrect the incident in which all five Hunters in a hard turn were claimed to have been shot down in a 270-degree turn in 23 seconds.[17]

In 1967, Alam was transferred as the Squadron Commander of the first squadron of Dassault Mirage III fighters procured by the PAF. He was removed from staff college based on a false pretext in May 1969. In 1972, he commanded No. 26 Squadron for two months.[14]

In 1982, Alam retired as an Air commodore and took up residence in Karachi. Since retiring, Alam had become more deeply interested in religion.[16]

Death

The Air Force legend was admitted to Pakistan Naval Station Shifa Hospital in Karachi.[18] Alam died in Karachi on 18 March 2013. He was 77. He was being treated for respiratory problems for 18 months. Alam's funeral prayer was performed at the PAF Base Masroor, where he served some of the significant years of his career. Alam was buried at the Shuhuda (Martyrs) Graveyard, located at PAF Masroor Airbase. Air Chief Marshal Tahir Rafique Butt, Sindh Governor Dr Ishratul Ebad, Air Chief Marshal (Ret.) Farooq Feroz Khan, Sindh corps commander Lt. Gen Ijaz Chaudhry, Pakistan Rangers (Sindh) Director-General Maj. Gen. Rizwan Akhter, Base Commander PAF Base Masroor Air Commodore Usaid ur Rehman, many war veterans of the 1965 war and Alam's closest colleagues attended the funeral. One of the younger brothers of the deceased, Zubair Alam, was also present.[5]

Memorials

M. M. Alam Road, a major road in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan is named in honour of the flying ace of Pakistan Air Force, Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam, running from Main Market to Gulberg. The road runs parallel to famous Main Boulevard thus providing an alternate route and is a commercial hub with many restaurants, fashion boutiques, shopping malls, beauty saloons and décor stores. M.M. Alam Road hosts a variety of flamboyant restaurants in modern Lahore.[19] On 20 March 2014, on account of his first death anniversary, the PAF Airbase Mianwali was renamed after him as PAF Base M.M. Alam.[20][21][22][23]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Events – M M Alam's F-86". Pakistan: Pakistan Air Force (official website). Retrieved 5 March 2010.
  2. ^ Dawn Newspaper, [1];
  3. ^ Werrell, Kenneth (2013). Sabres Over MiG Alley: The F-86 and the Battle for Air Superiority in Korea. Naval Institute Press. p. 188. ISBN 9781612513447.
  4. ^ a b c "Knowing MM Alam". The Nation. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  5. ^ a b c Iconic war veteran MM Alam passes away, The News International. Retrieved on 19 March 2013.
  6. ^ Institute for Policy Research & Development, Advisory Board; Dr. M. Shahid Alam
  7. ^ Cihan Aksan, State of Nature, On Islam: An Interview with M. Shahid Alam
  8. ^ Department of Physics – , M. Sajjad Alam
  9. ^ Air Cdre M Kaiser Tufail. "Alam's Speed-shooting Classic". Defencejournal.com. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  10. ^ Fricker, John. Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965. pp. 15–17. before we had completed more than of about 270-degree of the turn, at around 12-degree per second, all four hunters had been shot down ... My fifth victim of this sortie started spewing smoke and then rolled on to his back at about 1000 feet.
  11. ^ Polmar, Norman; Bell, Dana (2003). One hundred years of world military aircraft. Naval Institute Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-59114-686-5. Mohammed Mahmood Alam claimed five victories against Indian Air Force Hawker Hunters, four of them in less than one minute! Alam, who ended the conflict with 11 kills, became history's only jet "ace-in-a-day."
  12. ^ O' Nordeen, Lon (1985). Air Warfare in the Missile Age. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 84–87. ISBN 978-0-87474-680-8.
  13. ^ "Service Record for Sqn Ldr Ajammada Boppaya Devayya". Bharat-Rakshak.com.
  14. ^ a b Pakistan's Sabre Ace by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.
  15. ^ Singh, Pushpindar (1991). Fiza ya, Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force. Himalayan Books. p. 30. ISBN 81-7002-038-7.
  16. ^ a b 30 Seconds Over Sargodha – The Making of a Myth: 1965 Indo-Pak Air War, Chapter 5 Template:Wayback, Bharat Rakshak Cite error: The named reference "Rakshak" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  17. ^ War of attrition
  18. ^ M. M. Alam passes away in Karachi, Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved on 19 March 2013.
  19. ^ Haq, Shahram. "Urban planning: MM Alam Road to be heart of new business district – The Express Tribune". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  20. ^ "Pakistan not sending troops to Bahrain or Saudi: PM". Dawn. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  21. ^ Desk, Web (27 February 2014). "PAF honours ace pilot MM Alam, renames Mianwali air base after him – The Express Tribune". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  22. ^ Imaduddin. "PAF Mianwali Base renamed as M.M. Alam Airbase". Brecorder.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  23. ^ "PM Nawaz Sharif names PAF base Mianwali after MM Alam". The News Tribe. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

Further reading

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