Ross Ulbricht: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 954733497 by 2600:8807:5104:2300:9CA9:A4AC:FE00:713D (talk)
WHS Dad (talk | contribs)
20 edits
Wikipedia's policy is Npov, not GPOV. This encyclopedia is not here to serve up the Government Point Of View. Notice that the Edward Snowden article does not start by saying he "is a criminal". And the Benedict Arnold article does not start by saying he "was a traitor". Ulbricht is notable for the business he created and ran, and the proper way to present this info is to communicate facts, but NOT to do so as though it was written by the US govt. How ironic that he was born in 1984.
Line 37: Line 37:
}}
}}


'''Ross William Ulbricht''' (born March 27, 1984) is an American convict best known for creating and operating the [[darknet market]] website [[Silk Road (marketplace)|Silk Road]] from 2011 until his arrest in 2013.<ref name="ulbricht conviction">{{cite news|last1=Raymond|first1=Nate|title=Accused Silk Road operator convicted on U.S. drug charges|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/05/us-usa-bitcoin-trial-idUSKBN0L82H920150205|accessdate=June 22, 2015|work=Reuters|date=February 4, 2015}}</ref> The site was designed to use [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] for anonymity and [[bitcoin]] as a currency.<ref name="ars sunk" /><ref name="USA Today shutdown info" /> Ulbricht's online [[pseudonym]] was "[[Dread Pirate Roberts]]" after the fictional character in the novel ''[[The Princess Bride (novel)|The Princess Bride]]'' and its [[The Princess Bride (film)|film adaptation]].
'''Ross William Ulbricht''' (born March 27, 1984) is an American entrepreneur best known for creating and operating the [[darknet market]] website [[Silk Road (marketplace)|Silk Road]] from 2011 until his arrest in 2013, and subsequent conviction in 2015.<ref name="ulbricht conviction">{{cite news|last1=Raymond|first1=Nate|title=Accused Silk Road operator convicted on U.S. drug charges|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/05/us-usa-bitcoin-trial-idUSKBN0L82H920150205|accessdate=June 22, 2015|work=Reuters|date=February 4, 2015}}</ref> The site was designed to use [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] for anonymity and [[bitcoin]] as a currency.<ref name="ars sunk" /><ref name="USA Today shutdown info" /> Ulbricht's online [[pseudonym]] was "[[Dread Pirate Roberts]]" after the fictional character in the novel ''[[The Princess Bride (novel)|The Princess Bride]]'' and its [[The Princess Bride (film)|film adaptation]].


In February 2015, Ulbricht was convicted of [[money laundering]], [[Hacker (computer security)|computer hacking]], conspiracy to traffic fraudulent identity documents, and conspiracy to traffic narcotics by means of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jury Verdict|url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Southern_District_Court/1--14-cr-00068/USA_v._Ulbricht/183/|publisher=Docket Alarm|accessdate=September 27, 2016}}</ref> In May 2015, he was sentenced to a double [[life imprisonment|life sentence]] plus forty years without the possibility of parole. Ulbricht's appeals to the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] in 2017 and the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S Supreme Court]] in 2018 were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Road founder loses his appeal, will serve a life sentence for online crimes|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/31/ross-ulbricht-silk-road-appeal-denied/|publisher=Techcrunch.com|accessdate=June 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Certiorari Denied |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/062818zr_k425.pdf |publisher=[[Supreme Court of the United States]] |page=5 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180629151235/https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/062818zr_k425.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2018 |access-date=June 29, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Judgment in a Criminal Case (Sentencing)|url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Southern_District_Court/1--14-cr-00068/USA_v._Ulbricht/269/|publisher=Docket Alarm|accessdate=September 27, 2016}}</ref> The prosecution dismissed a five-year old unprosecuted indictment in July 2018.<ref name="Doherty">{{cite web |url=https://reason.com/2018/07/25/ross-ulbrichts-murder-for-hire-charges-d/ |title=Ross Ulbricht's Murder-for-Hire Charges Dropped by U.S. Attorney |first=Brian |last=Doherty |date= |website=Reason.com |access-date=|quote=}}</ref> He is currently incarcerated at the [[United States Penitentiary, Tucson|United States Penitentiary in Tucson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Federal Bureau of Prisons |publisher=United States Department of Justice |access-date=14 January 2018 |quote=Register Number: 18870-111}}</ref>
In February 2015, Ulbricht was convicted of [[money laundering]], [[Hacker (computer security)|computer hacking]], conspiracy to traffic fraudulent identity documents, and conspiracy to traffic narcotics by means of the Internet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jury Verdict|url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Southern_District_Court/1--14-cr-00068/USA_v._Ulbricht/183/|publisher=Docket Alarm|accessdate=September 27, 2016}}</ref> In May 2015, he was sentenced to a double [[life imprisonment|life sentence]] plus forty years without the possibility of parole. Ulbricht's appeals to the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] in 2017 and the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S Supreme Court]] in 2018 were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silk Road founder loses his appeal, will serve a life sentence for online crimes|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/31/ross-ulbricht-silk-road-appeal-denied/|publisher=Techcrunch.com|accessdate=June 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Certiorari Denied |url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/062818zr_k425.pdf |publisher=[[Supreme Court of the United States]] |page=5 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180629151235/https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/062818zr_k425.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2018 |access-date=June 29, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Judgment in a Criminal Case (Sentencing)|url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Southern_District_Court/1--14-cr-00068/USA_v._Ulbricht/269/|publisher=Docket Alarm|accessdate=September 27, 2016}}</ref> The prosecution dismissed a five-year old unprosecuted indictment in July 2018.<ref name="Doherty">{{cite web |url=https://reason.com/2018/07/25/ross-ulbrichts-murder-for-hire-charges-d/ |title=Ross Ulbricht's Murder-for-Hire Charges Dropped by U.S. Attorney |first=Brian |last=Doherty |date= |website=Reason.com |access-date=|quote=}}</ref> He is currently incarcerated at the [[United States Penitentiary, Tucson|United States Penitentiary in Tucson]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Federal Bureau of Prisons |publisher=United States Department of Justice |access-date=14 January 2018 |quote=Register Number: 18870-111}}</ref>

Revision as of 13:58, 5 May 2020

Ross Ulbricht
File:Ross Ulbricht.jpg
Born (1984-03-27) March 27, 1984 (age 40)
Austin, Texas, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Other namesDread Pirate Roberts, Frosty, Altoid
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Texas at Dallas (B.S. 2006)
Pennsylvania State University (M.S. 2009)
OccupationDarknet market operator
Years activeFebruary 2011 – October 2013
Known forCreator of Silk Road
Criminal statusIn prison
Conviction(s)Money laundering
Computer hacking
Conspiracy to traffic narcotics (February 6, 2015)[1]
Criminal penaltyDouble life imprisonment + 40 years without possibility of parole (May 29, 2015)
Date apprehended
October 1, 2013
Imprisoned atUnited States Penitentiary, Tucson[2]
Websitehttps://freeross.org

Ross William Ulbricht (born March 27, 1984) is an American entrepreneur best known for creating and operating the darknet market website Silk Road from 2011 until his arrest in 2013, and subsequent conviction in 2015.[4] The site was designed to use Tor for anonymity and bitcoin as a currency.[5][6] Ulbricht's online pseudonym was "Dread Pirate Roberts" after the fictional character in the novel The Princess Bride and its film adaptation.

In February 2015, Ulbricht was convicted of money laundering, computer hacking, conspiracy to traffic fraudulent identity documents, and conspiracy to traffic narcotics by means of the Internet.[7] In May 2015, he was sentenced to a double life sentence plus forty years without the possibility of parole. Ulbricht's appeals to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 2017 and the U.S Supreme Court in 2018 were unsuccessful.[8][9][10] The prosecution dismissed a five-year old unprosecuted indictment in July 2018.[11] He is currently incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary in Tucson.[12]

Early life and education

Ulbricht grew up in the Austin metropolitan area. He was a Boy Scout,[13] attaining the rank of Eagle Scout.[14] He attended West Ridge Middle School,[15] and Westlake High School, both near Austin. He graduated from high school in 2002.[16]

He attended the University of Texas at Dallas on a full academic scholarship,[14] and graduated in 2006 with a bachelor's degree in physics.[16] He then attended Pennsylvania State University, where he was in a master's degree program in materials science and engineering and studied crystallography. By the time Ulbricht graduated, he had become interested in libertarian economic theory. In particular, Ulbricht adhered to the political philosophy of Ludwig von Mises, supported Ron Paul, and participated in college debates to discuss his economic views.[15][17]

Ulbricht graduated from Penn State in 2009 and returned to Austin. By this time Ulbricht, finding regular employment unsatisfying, wanted to become an entrepreneur, but his first attempts to start his own business failed. He tried day trading and started a video game company. His mother claimed that his LinkedIn profile referred to a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, not a darknet market, when it stated, "I am creating an economic simulation to give people a first-hand experience of what it would be like to live in a world without the systemic use of force."[18]: 7:20  He eventually partnered with his friend Donny Palmertree to help build an online used book seller, Good Wagon Books.

Silk Road, arrest and trial

Main article: Silk Road (marketplace) § Arrest and trial of Ross Ulbricht

Ulbricht envisioned Silk Road as a free market experiment with an emphasis on user anonymity. He believed people should have the right to buy and sell whatever they want as long as they did not hurt anyone.[19] Silk Road was designed to use Tor and bitcoin. Tor is a network which implements protocols that encrypt data and routes Internet traffic through intermediary servers that anonymize IP addresses before reaching a final destination. By hosting his market as a Tor site, Ulbricht could conceal its IP address.[5][6] Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency; while all bitcoin transactions are recorded in a log, the blockchain, users who avoid linking their identities to their online "wallets" can conduct transactions with considerable anonymity.[20][21]

Ulbricht used the Dread Pirate Roberts username for Silk Road. However, whether he was the only one to use that account is disputed.[18][22][23] Dread Pirate Roberts attributed his inspiration for creating the Silk Road marketplace as "Alongside Night and the works of Samuel Edward Konkin III."[24]

Ulbricht began to work on developing his online marketplace in 2010 as a side project to Good Wagon Books. He also sporadically kept a diary during the operating history of Silk Road; in his first entry he outlined his situation prior to launch, and predicted he would make 2011 "a year of prosperity" through his ventures.[15][25] Ulbricht may also have included a reference to Silk Road on his LinkedIn page, where he discussed his wish to "use economic theory as a means to abolish the use of coercion and aggression amongst mankind" and claimed "I am creating an economic simulation to give people a first-hand experience of what it would be like to live in a world without the systemic use of force."[17] Ulbricht moved to San Francisco prior to his arrest.[17]

Image placed on original Silk Road after seizure of property by the FBI

Ulbricht was first connected to "Dread Pirate Roberts" by Gary Alford, an IRS investigator working with the DEA on the Silk Road case, in mid-2013.[26][27] The connection was made by linking the username "altoid", used during Silk Road's early days to announce the website, and a forum post in which Ulbricht, posting under the nickname "altoid", asked for programming help and gave his email address, which contained his full name.[26] In October 2013, Ulbricht was arrested by the FBI while at the Glen Park branch of the San Francisco Public Library, and accused of being the "mastermind" behind the site.[28][29][30]

To prevent Ulbricht from encrypting or deleting files on the laptop he was using to run the site as he was arrested, two agents pretended to be quarreling lovers. When they had sufficiently distracted him,[31] according to Joshuah Bearman of Wired, a third agent grabbed the laptop while Ulbricht was distracted by the apparent lovers' fight and handed it to agent Thomas Kiernan.[32] Kiernan then inserted a flash drive in one of the laptop's USB ports, with software that copied key files.[31]

Oral argument in United States v. Ulbricht in the 2nd Circuit

On August 21, 2014, Ulbricht was charged with money laundering, computer hacking, and conspiracy to traffic narcotics.[33]

On February 4, 2015, Ulbricht was convicted on all counts after a jury trial that took place in January 2015.[34] On May 29, 2015, he was sentenced to double life imprisonment plus forty years, without the possibility of parole.[35][36][37]

On the last day of trial, Serrin Turner, the lead prosecutor, addressed the jury and stated that none of the six contracted murders-for-hire occurred.[30] One charge of procuring murder was originally filed in October 2013 in a separate pending indictment in Maryland (which was later dismissed with prejudice in its entirety in July 2018);[citation needed] the other five allegations were never filed.[38]

After the conviction

Ulbricht's lawyers submitted an appeal on January 12, 2016, centered on claims that the prosecution illegally withheld evidence of DEA agents' malfeasance in the investigation of Silk Road, for which two agents were convicted.[39] Ulbricht also argued his sentence was too harsh.[40][41] Oral argument for the appeal was held on October 6, 2016.[42] On May 31, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied Ulbricht's appeal and affirmed the judgment of conviction and life sentence in an opinion written by United States Circuit Judge Gerard E. Lynch.[43]

On December 22, 2017, Ulbricht filed his petition for writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court.[44] His appeal argued two key issues: (1) "Whether the warrantless seizure of an individual’s Internet traffic information without probable cause violates the Fourth Amendment"; and, (2) "Whether the Sixth Amendment permits judges to find the facts necessary to support an otherwise unreasonable sentence."[45]

On February 5, 2018, twenty-one amici filed five amicus curiae briefs in support of Ulbricht, including the National Lawyers Guild, American Black Cross, Reason Foundation, Drug Policy Alliance, and Downsize DC Foundation.[46]

On March 7, 2018, the U.S. government filed a response to Ulbricht's petition.[46] The government argued that a decision on the first issue of his appeal should be postponed until a decision is granted in Carpenter v. United States, which involves similar concerns related to the collection of communication data. The government suggested outright dismissal of the second issue, citing a lack of supporting precedent as well as noting that the Sixth Amendment claim was not raised prior to filing the petition.[47]

On June 28, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to consider Ulbricht's appeal.[48] A claim for annulment of Ulbricht's sentence alleging ineffective assistance from defense lawyers was rejected in August 2019.[49]

On July 20, 2018, U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland Robert K. Hur filed a motion to "dismiss with prejudice" the indictment containing the murder-for-hire charges, meaning the charges can never be re-filed.[11] On July 26, 2018, the charges were officially dismissed by U.S. District Judge Catherine C. Blake, who granted the motion to dismiss.[50]

A clemency petition to President Donald Trump reached 55,000 signatures by October 2018.[51]

Incarceration

During his trial, Ulbricht was incarcerated at the Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York.[36] Starting in July 2017, he was held at USP Florence High, under Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) number 18870–111.[18] His mother Lyn moved to Colorado so she could visit him regularly.[52] Ulbricht has since been transferred to USP Tucson.[53]

See also

  • Deep Web (film), documentary film chronicling events surrounding Silk Road, bitcoin and politics of the dark web
  • USBKill, kill switch software created in response to circumstances of Ulbricht's arrest
  • Variety Jones and Smedley, pseudonyms of individuals reported to have been closely involved with the founding of the Silk Road

References

  1. ^ https://freeross.org/the-charges/
  2. ^ "Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator". Federal Bureau of Prisons. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved January 14, 2018. BOP Register Number: 18870-111
  3. ^ "FBI Says It's Seized $28.5 Million In Bitcoins From Ross Ulbricht, Alleged Owner Of Silk Road". Forbes.com. October 25, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  4. ^ Raymond, Nate (February 4, 2015). "Accused Silk Road operator convicted on U.S. drug charges". Reuters. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Mullin, Joe (May 29, 2015). "Sunk: How Ross Ulbricht ended up in prison for life". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
  6. ^ a b Leger, Donna Leinwand (May 15, 2014). "How FBI brought down cyber-underworld site Silk Road". USA Today. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  7. ^ "Jury Verdict". Docket Alarm. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  8. ^ "Silk Road founder loses his appeal, will serve a life sentence for online crimes". Techcrunch.com. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  9. ^ "Certiorari Denied" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  10. ^ "Judgment in a Criminal Case (Sentencing)". Docket Alarm. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  11. ^ a b Doherty, Brian. "Ross Ulbricht's Murder-for-Hire Charges Dropped by U.S. Attorney". Reason.com.
  12. ^ "Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator". Federal Bureau of Prisons. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved January 14, 2018. Register Number: 18870-111
  13. ^ "Silk Road's Ross Ulbricht: Drug 'kingpin' or 'idealistic' Boy Scout?" CNN/Money. May 28, 2015. Retrieved on June 15, 2015.
  14. ^ a b Segal, David. "Eagle Scout. Idealist. Drug Trafficker?" The New York Times. January 18, 2014. Retrieved on June 10, 2015.
  15. ^ a b c "The Untold Story of Silk Road, Part 1". Wired. April 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
  16. ^ a b "Man with Austin ties charged with running vast underground drugs website" (Archive). Austin American-Statesman. October 2, 2013. Retrieved on June 14, 2015.
  17. ^ a b c Dewey, Caitlin. "Everything we know about Ross Ulbricht, the outdoorsy libertarian behind Silk Road". Washington Post. October 3, 2013. Retrieved on June 15, 2015.
  18. ^ a b c "Ross Ulbricht Loses His Appeal. Here's What Happens Next". Corbett Report. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
  19. ^ Ulbricht, Ross (May 22, 2015). "Sentencing Letter Addressed to Judge Forrrest" (PDF). Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  20. ^ Popper, Nathaniel (May 24, 2015). ""We are up to something big": Silk Road discovers Bitcoin". Salon. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  21. ^ Pagliery, Jose (February 5, 2015). "Bitcoin fallacy led to Silk Road founder's conviction". cnn.com. CNN Money. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
  22. ^ Greenburg, Andy (February 9, 2015). "Ross Ulbricht Didn't Create Silk Road's Dread Pirate Roberts. This Guy Did". Wired. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  23. ^ Koebler, Jason (December 1, 2016). "Someone Accessed Silk Road Operator's Account While Ross Ulbricht Was in Jail". Motherboard. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  24. ^ Greenburg, Andy (April 29, 2013). "Collected Quotations Of The Dread Pirate Roberts, Founder Of Underground Drug Site Silk Road And Radical Libertarian". Forbes. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  25. ^ Mullin, Joe (January 21, 2015). ""I have secrets": Ross Ulbricht's private journal shows Silk Road's birth". Ars Technica. Retrieved March 4, 2016.
  26. ^ a b Popper, Nathaniel (December 25, 2015). "The Tax Sleuth Who Took Down a Drug Lord". New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  27. ^ "Silk Road: Google search unmasked Dread Pirate Roberts". BBC News. August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
  28. ^ "Dark net marketplace Silk Road 'back online'". BBC. November 6, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  29. ^ Mac, Ryan (October 2, 2013). "Who Is Ross Ulbricht? Piecing Together The Life Of The Alleged Libertarian Mastermind Behind Silk Road [Page 2]". Forbes. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Silk Road founder Ross William Ulbricht denied bail". The Guardian. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
  31. ^ a b Bertrand, Natasha (May 29, 2015). "The FBI staged a lovers' fight to catch the kingpin of the web's biggest illegal drug marketplace". Business Insider. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  32. ^ "Trial Transcript, Day 2, page 856" (PDF). January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  33. ^ "Ross Ulbricht Indictment" (PDF). U.S District Court Southern District of New York. February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
  34. ^ "Accused Silk Road Operator Ross Ulbricht Convicted on All Counts". NBC News. February 4, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
  35. ^ Thielman, Sam (May 29, 2015). "Silk Road operator Ross Ulbricht sentenced to life in prison". The Guardian. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  36. ^ a b "Inmate Locator". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on June 15, 2015. Enter the BOP number 18870-111 or the name Ross Ulbricht.
  37. ^ Greenberg, Andy. "After Ross Ulbricht's First NY Court Appearance, His Lawyer Says He's Not The FBI's Dread Pirate Roberts". Forbes. November 7, 2013. Retrieved on June 15, 2015. "Dratel said Ulbricht is now being held at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn[...]"
  38. ^ Patrick Howell O'Neill (October 22, 2014). "The mystery of the disappearing Silk Road murder charges". The Daily Dot.
  39. ^ Greenberg, Andy (January 12, 2016). "In Silk Road Appeal, Ross Ulbricht's Defense Focuses on Corrupt Feds". Wired. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  40. ^ Stempel, Jonathan (May 31, 2017). "Silk Road website founder loses appeal of conviction, life sentence". Reuters. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  41. ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-silkroad-idUSKBN18R23A
  42. ^ Greenberg, Andy (October 6, 2016). "Judges Question Ross Ulbricht's Life Sentence in Silk Road Appeal". Wired. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
  43. ^ United States v. Ulbricht (Docket No. 15-1815) (2d Cir. May 31, 2017).
  44. ^ "The Supreme Court is Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht's last hope". VICE News. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  45. ^ Ulbricht, Ross (December 22, 2017). "Ulbricht v. U.S." (PDF). SupremeCourt.Gov. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  46. ^ a b "Ulbricht v. United States - SCOTUSblog". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  47. ^ Francisco, Noel (March 7, 2018). "Ulbricht v. U.S." (PDF). SupremeCourt.Gov. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  48. ^ "U.S. Supreme Court turns away Silk Road website founder's appeal". Reuters. June 28, 2018.
  49. ^ Silk Road mastermind Ross Ulbricht attempts to vacate life sentence
  50. ^ United States District Court for the District of Maryland. "Motion to Dismiss Indictment and Superseding Indictment".
  51. ^ "The founder of Silk Road is dictating tweets from the prison where he's serving life — and he's convinced 55,000 people to sign his petition for clemency". BusinessInsider.com. August 8, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
  52. ^ Mangu-Ward, Katherine (July 2018). "Ross Ulbricht Is Serving a Double Life Sentence". Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  53. ^ O'Connell, Justin (January 17, 2019). "Silk Road's Ross Ulbricht moved to another high security prison". Retrieved February 24, 2020.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ross_Ulbricht&oldid=955014032"