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Anklam

Coordinates: 53°51′N 13°41′E / 53.850°N 13.683°E / 53.850; 13.683
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Anklam
Town
Market square
Market square
Coat of arms of Anklam
Coat of arms
Location of Anklam within Vorpommern-Greifswald district
Anklam is located in Germany
Anklam
Anklam
Anklam is located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Anklam
Anklam
Coordinates: 53°51′N 13°41′E / 53.850°N 13.683°E / 53.850; 13.683
CountryGermany
StateMecklenburg-Vorpommern
DistrictVorpommern-Greifswald
Government
 • MayorMichael Galander (Ind.)
Area
 • Total
56.57 km2 (21.84 sq mi)
Elevation
5 m (16 ft)
Population
 (2023-12-31)[1]
 • Total
12,363
 • Density220/km2 (570/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
17389
Dialling codes03971
Vehicle registrationVG, ANK
Websitewww.anklam.de

Anklam ([German pronunciation: [ˈaŋklam] ⓘ], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg,[2]) is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the Kleines Haff, the western part of the Szczecin Lagoon. Anklam has a population of 12,177 (2021) and was the capital of the former Ostvorpommern district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald.

History

Brick Gothic Steintor
Garrison church of Anklam, evidence of Prussian tradition of the town

In the early Middle Ages, there was an important Scandinavian and Wendish settlement in the area near the present town now known as Altes Lager Menzlin. Anklam proper began as an associated Wendish fortress.[3]

In the Middle Ages the town was a part of the Duchy of Pomerania. During the German expansion eastwards, the abandoned fortress was developed into a settlement named Tanglim[2] after its new founder. The site possesses importance as the head of navigation on the Peene.[2] It was elevated to town status in 1244 and became a member of the Hanseatic League the same year[3] or in 1483.[citation needed] The town remained small and non-influential, but achieved a measure of wealth and prosperity with its membership.

St. Mary in Anklam
St. Nicholas, being reconstructed, 2012

As a town of considerable military importance, it suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War[2] when Swedish and Imperial troops battled over it across a twenty-year span. Amid this and subsequent wars, it also endured repeated outbreaks of fire and plague.[2] It was occupied by imperial forces from 1627 to 1630,[4] and thereafter by Swedish forces.[5] After the war, Anklam became part of Swedish Pomerania in 1648. In 1676, it was captured by Frederick William of Brandenburg.[3]

In 1713, Anklam was looted by soldiers of the Russian Empire.[3] That it was not burned to the ground, as ordered by Peter the Great, was in large part due to the resistance of Christian Thomesen Carl ("Carlson"), after whom a street is named in remembrance. The southern parts of the town were ceded to Prussia by the 1720 Treaty of Stockholm,[3] while a smaller section north of the Peene remained Swedish. It was damaged again during the Seven Years' War in the 1750s and 1760s, with its fortifications being effectively dismantled in 1762.[2] Sweden yielded its remaining part of the town in 1815, when all of Western Pomerania became part of the Prussian province of Pomerania.

In the 19th century, Anklam was connected with Berlin and Stettin (Szczecin) by rail and developed its manufacture of linen and woolen goods, leather, beer, and soap.[2] Its 1871 population was 10,739,[2] which had risen to 14,602 by the turn of the century.[3] By the time of the First World War, it possessed a military school and developed iron foundries and sugar factories.[3] In 1939 the Wehrmacht took over the military school and constructed a military prison on the grounds. In September 1942, the FStGA 8 field penal battalion for Allied prisoners-of-war was established and afterwards relocated to the eastern front.[6]

Anklam was nearly completely destroyed by several bombing raids of the U.S. Air Force in 1943 and 1944 and in the last days of World War II, when the advancing Soviets burned and leveled most of the town. During the final stages of the war, in February 1945, the German-perpetrated death march of Allied POWs from the Stalag XX-B POW camp passed through the town.[7] After the war, Anklam became part of the East German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and after the dissolution of the province it was part of Bezirk Neubrandenburg from 1952 to 1990. The town was rebuilt in the rather uniform socialist style.

After the 1990 reunification of Germany, Anklam became part of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, re-created at that time.

Population development

Year 1350 1600 1740 1765 1770 1790 1800 1875 1910 1939 1950 1981 1988 2003 2010 2016 2017 2021
Inhabitants 3.000 6.000 2.961 3.036 3.278 3.224 4.470 11.781 15.279 19.682 20.160 20.496 19.685 15.826 13.433 12.635 12.521 12.177

Sights

Memorial in front of the Otto-Lilienthal-Museum

Anklam was a prosperous medieval city but suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War, the Seven Years' War, and the Second World War, as well as from periodic fires. Nonetheless, Anklam has some significant buildings remaining. The 12th-century church of St Mary was rebuilt in the 15th century,[8] had a modern spire added in the 19th,[3] and was repaired in 1947.[8]

Museums

Transport

Anklam is connected with the Autobahn 20 coastal highway.

People of Anklam

Otto Lilienthal
Ulrich von Hassell in 1944 before the Volksgerichtshof
Günter Schabowski 1982
early times
19th C
20th C

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Anklam is twinned with:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Bevölkerungsstand der Kreise, Ämter und Gemeinden 2023" (XLS) (in German). Statistisches Amt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h EB (1878).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h EB (1911).
  4. ^ Langer, Herbert (2003), "Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern", in Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. (eds.), Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit (in German), Berlin: LIT Verlag, p. 403, ISBN 3-8258-7150-9
  5. ^ Langer, Herbert (2003), "Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern", in Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. (eds.), Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit (in German), Berlin: LIT Verlag, p. 397, ISBN 3-8258-7150-9
  6. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 611. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  7. ^ Kaszuba, Sylwia. "Marsz 1945". In Grudziecka, Beata (ed.). Stalag XX B: historia nieopowiedziana (in Polish). Malbork: Muzeum Miasta Malborka. p. 108. ISBN 978-83-950992-2-9.
  8. ^ a b Brick Gothic Heritage Archived August 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

References

Further reading

  • Gottfried Heinrich Gengler: Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter, Erlangen 1863, p. 47, see also pp. 962-966.
  • Gustav Kratz: Die Städte der Provinz Pommern: Abriß ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden. Sändig Reprint Verlag, Vaduz 1996 (unchanged reprint of the edition of 1865), ISBN 3-253-02734-1, pp. 1-17.
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