Administrative divisions of Thailand

Thailand is a unitary state, which means the territories are separated into central co-dependencies, with the central government deciding everything for the provinces.^[1] The kingdom is separated into multiple levels including regions, provinces, and many more. Though, formally, Thailand is separated into three levels: provinces, districts, and sub-districts, there are also informal divisions such as parimonthon, and phak.^[2] Furthermore, there are administrative divisions of the same level with different names such as the first-level divisions of the province and the special administrative region.

The governance is separated into two branches, regular and municipal administration.^[3] The regular administration is governed by the central government directly, with the municipal administration being given more autonomy by the central government, though still heavily restricted due to the over centralization of the Thai administrative system. This system arose during Rama V's reign where the governing system of the Kingdom of Siam was changing rapidly due to westernization.^[4]

Provincial administrative divisions

Provinces

Changwat (Template:Lang-th) or provinces is the first level of administration, the highest level, of Thailand. Thailand is separated into 76 provinces, though commonly mistaken as 77 provinces due to Bangkok's former status as a province itself. This is the highest level of administrative division within the kingdom. Each of the provinces are led by governor. The changwat is responsible for implementing state policy and enforcing laws.^[5]

Governance

The provinces are governed by a governor appointed by the central government. Specifically, the Ministry of the Interior is a part of the Bangkok Government. The norm for naming the provinces is using the provincial capital as the name, which is why they are called namesake cities. A notable difference from history was during the post-Franco-Siamese War period when there was a DMZ around the border which falls on the Mekong river. During this time, there was a province called Nong Khai but the capital was in Ban Makkhaeng. A province is administered by a governor (ผู้ว่าราชการจังหวัด) who is appointed by the Minister of Interior. The provinces are named after their namesake cities, a cities which were the "capital" at the time of its founding. Also, in several provinces the administration has been moved into a new building outside the city.

History

Ayutthaya Kingdom

Most provinces date back to the time of subservient city-states, chiefdoms, and even vassal kingdoms. The polity was called muangs, not to be confused with modern muangs which means cities, which had their own satellite muangs. Traditionally ruled by a local ruling family, these muangs had a high level of autonomy. The highest king of these muangs, phaya or khun luang, though the titles changes over history, ruled these muangs through a system of tributes. The king did not have much control over these muangs which lead to uprisings and rebellions. During the war, these muangs often switched sides which leads to the downfall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

The provinces were separated into two classes and four different levels.^[6]

Ayutthaya's Administration Division
Levels	First	Second	Third	Forth
Central	Wiang (เวียง)	Wang (วัง)	Khlang (คลัง)	Na (นา)
Vassal	Muang Luk Luang (เมืองลูกหลวง)	Inner Hua Muang (หัวเมืองชั้นใน)	Outer Hua Muang (หัวเมืองชั้นนอก)	Muang Prathetsarat (เมืองประเทศราช)

Rattanakosin Kingdom

During this era, nothing changed much at the beginning. But when the western colonial powers started to eye the region, The Siamese government took to reform their administrative division into a form that much resembles the modern structure. In 1882, much of the current political geography of Siam had changed drastically. Rama V, who had been ramping up the reformation of Siam, had devised a plan to divide Siam into several levels of administration. During this era, the province wasn't the highest level of division. This falls to the monthon and the vassal kingdoms. At the time, Siam was a minor power, controlling several minor kingdoms on their frontiers with the major colonial powers. By, 1892, much of the divisions had already been formed, though this is far from modern Thailand's divisional structure, and by 1900 most of the territory gained during the rule of Rama III were lost to France and Britain.

In 1908, a new division called boriwen was introduced, though later abolished due to its overlapping duties with other local governments, and the bureaucratic costs to maintain the divisions.

In 1932, there were major reforms all over the kingdom, monthon was abolished, provinces merged, and several other divisions dissolved into higher divisions to cut costs. The former provinces that were lost are merged into other provinces or ceded to western powers.

During the 20th century, a massive reform occurred gradually over the century, which saw the formation of several provinces through partitions. The newest province is Bueng Kan which split from Nong Khai on 23 March 2011.

Former Provinces of Thailand


Provinces	จังหวัด	Fate	Today Part of
Attapue	อัตตะปือ	ceded to France	Attapeu Laos, Kon Tum and Gia Lai Vietnam
Borikhan Nikhom	บริคัณฑ์นิคม	ceded to France	Bolikhamxai Laos
Uthai	อุทัย	ceded to France	Sainyabuli and Luang Prabang Laos
Phon Phisai	โพนพิสัย	merged with Nong Khai	Nong Khai and Bueng Kan Thailand
Tha Uthen	ท่าอุเทน	merged with Nakhon Phanom	Nakhon Phanom Thailand
Chaiburi	ซายบุรี	merged with Nong Khai	Bueng Kan Thailand
Pra Pradaeng	พระประแดง	merged with Samut Prakan, partitioned from Pra Nakhon and Samut Prakan, merged between Samut Prakan and Thonburi	Samut Prakan and Bangkok Thailand
Kabinburi	กะบิ่นบุรี	merged with Prachinburi	Prachinburi and Sa Kaeo Thailand
Thalang	ถลาง	destroyed during the Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812)	Phuket Thailand
Phichai	พิชัย	capital moved to Uttaradit	Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, and Loei Thailand, Sainyaburi and Vientiane Laos
Chiang Khaeng	เชียงแขง	partitioned between France and Britain	Shan State Myanmar, Luang Namtha and Bokeo Laos
Chiang Khouang	เชียงขวาง	ceded to France	Xiangkhouang Laos
Chiang Taeng	เชียงแตง	ceded to France	Kratié, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, and Mondulkiri Cambodia, Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông and Gia Lai Vietnam
Kalantan	กลันตัน	partitioned between Siam and Britain, merged with Narathiwat, regained and ceded to Britain again	Narathiwat Thailand, Kelantan Malaysia
Kham Kert	คำเกิด	ceded to France	Khammouane Laos
Kham Muan	คำม่วน	ceded to France	Khammouane Laos
Kham Thong Luang	คำทองหลวง	ceded to France	Stung Teng Cambodia
Khemmarat	เขมราฐ	partitioned between Siam and France, merged into Ubon Ratchathani	Ubon Ratchathani and Yasothon Thailand, Savannakhet Laos
Khukhan	ขุขันธ์	partitioned between Siam and France, merged into Sisaket	Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket Thailand, Oddar Meanchey and Preah Vihear Cambodia
Lan Chang	ลานช้าง	ceded to France	Sainyabuli and Luang Prabang Laos
Luang Phrabang	หลวงพระบาง	ceded to France	Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, and Vientiane Laos
Phibunsongkhram	พิบูลสงคราม	ceded to France	Banteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, and Preah Vihear Cambodia
Phongsa	พงสา	ceded to France	Phongsaly Laos
Phra Tabong	พระตะบอง	ceded to France	Banteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Pailin, and Battambang Cambodia
Prachan Khiri Khet	ประจันตคีรีเขตร	partitioned between Siam and France, merged into Trat	Koh Kong Cambodia
Saen Pang	แสนปาง	ceded to France	Kratié, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, and Mondulkiri Cambodia
Saharat Thai Doem	สหรัฐไทยเดิม	ceded to Britain	Shan State Myanmar
Salawan	สาละวัน	ceded to France	Salavan and Sekong Laos
Sangkha	สังขะ	partitioned between Siam and France, merged into Surin	Surin Thailand, Oddar Meanchey and Siem Reap Cambodia
Siemmarat	เสียมราฐ	ceded to France	Siem Reap Cambodia
Nakhon Champassak	นครจัมปาศักดิ์	ceded to France	Preah Vihear and Stung Teng Cambodia, Champasak Laos
Palit	ปะลิส	ceded to Britain, regained and ceded to Britain again	Perlis Malaysia
Phanom Sok	พนมสก	ceded to France	Banteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, and Oddar Meanchey Cambodia
Sisophon	ศรีโสภณ	ceded to France	Banteay Meanchey Cambodia
Syburi	ไทรบุรี	ceded to Britain, regained and ceded to Britain again	Kedah Malaysia
Trangkanu	ตรังกานู	ceded to Britain, regained and ceded to Britain again	Terengganu Malaysia
Lang Suan	หลังสวน	merged into Chumphon	Chumphon Thailand
Lom Sak	หล่มสัก	partitioned between Phetchabun and Loei	Phetchabun and Loei Thailand
Min Buri	มีนบุรี	merged into Phra Nakhon	Bangkok Thailand
Phra Nakhon	พระนคร	merged with Thonburi to form Bangkok	Bangkok Thailand
Nakhon Khuan Khan	นครเขื่อนขันธ์	renamed Phra Pradaeng	Bangkok and Samut Prakan Thailand
Phra Pradaeng	พระประแดง	partitioned between Phra Nakhon and Samut Prakan	Bangkok and Samut Prakan Thailand
Nakhon Chai Si	นครชัยศรี	capital moved to Nakhon Pathom	Nakhon Pathom Thailand
Sai Buri	สายบุรี	partitioned between Pattani and Narathiwat	Chumphon Thailand
Takua Pa	ตะกั่วป่า	merged into Pang Nga	Pang Nga Thailand
Thanyaburi	ธัญบุรี	merged into Pathum Thani	Pathum Thani Thailand
Thonburi Si Mahasamut	ธนบุรีศรีมหาสมุทร	merged with Phra Nakhon to form Bangkok	Bangkok Thailand
Thoen	เถิน	merged into Lampang	Lampang Thailand
Sawankhalok	สวรรคโลก	merge with Sukhothai to form Sawankhalok, later changing the name to Sukhothai	Sukhothai Thailand
Phu Len Chang	ภูแล่นช้าง	merged into Kalasin	Kalasin Thailand
Chonnabot	ชนบท	partitioned between Chaiyaphum and Khon Kaen	Chaiyaphum and Khon Kaen Thailand
Phu Khiao	ภูเขียว	merged into Chaiyaphum	Chaiyaphum Thailand
Khon San	คอนสาร	partitioned between Chaiyaphum and Khon Kaen	Chaiyaphum and Khon Kaen Thailand
Kamalasai	กมลาไสย	partitioned between Kalasin and Roi Et	Kalasin and Roi Et Thailand
Suwannaphum	สุวรรณภูมิ	partitioned between Maha Sarakham and Roi Et	Maha Sarakham and Roi Et Thailand
Wichianburi	วิเชียรบุรี	merged into Phetchabun	Phetchabun Thailand
Chaibadan	ชัยบาดาล	merged into Wichianburi	Phetchabun Thailand
Phayu Ha Khiri	พยุหะคีรี	merged into Nakhon Sawan	Nakhon Sawan Thailand
Manorom	มโนรมย์	merged into Chai Nat	Chai Nat Thailand
San'khaburi	สรรคบุรี	merged into Chai Nat	Chai Nat Thailand
Inburi	อินทร์บุรี	merged into Singburi	Singburi Thailand
Phromburi	พรหมบุรี	merged into Singburi	Singburi Thailand
Nang Rong	นางรอง	merged into Buriram	Buriram Thailand
Pra Khon Chai	ประโคนชัย	merged into Buriram	Buriram Thailand
Sitandon	สี่ตันดอน	ceded to France	Stung Teng Cambodia
Khlung	ขลุง	partitioned between Chanthaburi and Trat	Chanthaburi and Trat Thailand
Kraburi	กระบุรี	merged into Ranong	Ranong Thailand
Chiaya	ไชยา	merged into Kanchanadit	Surat Thani Thailand
Khirirat Nikhom	คีรีรัฐนิคม	merged into Kanchanadit	Surat Thani Thailand
Takua Thung	ตะกั่วทุ่ง	merged into Pang Nga	Pang Nga Thailand
Yaring	ยะหริ่ง	merged into Pattani	Pattani Thailand
Nong Chik	หนองจิก	merged into Pattani	Pattani Thailand
Raman	รามัน	partitioned between Siam and Britain, merged into Yala	Yala Thailand, Perak Malaysia
Ra'Ngae	ระแงะ	partitioned between Siam and Britain, merged into Narathiwat	Narathiwat Thailand, Kelantan Malaysia
Kubang Pasu	กะปังปาสู	merged into Syburi	Kedah Malaysia
Besut	เบอซุต	merged into Terengganu	Terengganu Malaysia
Palien	ปะเหลียน	merged into Kantang	Trang Thailand
Phutthaisong	พุทไธสง	merged into Buriram	Buriram Thailand
Rattanaburi	รัตนบุรี	merged into Buriram	Surin Thailand
Phanom Sarakham	พนมสารคาม	merged into Chachoengsao	Chachoengsao Thailand
Phanat Nikhom	พนัสนิคม	merged with Bang Pla Soi	Chonburi Thailand
Bang Lamung	บางละมุง	merged with Bang Pla Soi	Chonburi Thailand
Bang Pla Soi	บางปลาสร้อย	merged with Bang Lamung and Phanat Nikhom to form Chonburi	Chonburi Thailand
Na Wang	นาวัง	merged with Nakhon Phanom	Khammouane Laos
Phin	พีน	merged with Mukdahan	Savannakhet Laos
Wang	วัง	merged with Mukdahan	Savannakhet Laos
Chepon	เชโปน	merged with Mukdahan	Savannakhet Laos

these provinces were formed in different periods but lost during 19th and 20th century

Historical Populations

Provinces^[7]	จังหวัด	1947-05-23	1960-04-25	1970-04-01	1980-04-01	1990-04-01	2000-04-01	2010-09-01	2021^[8]
Amnat Charoen	อำนาจเจริญ						356,556	283,732	376,350
Ang Thong	อ่างทอง	150,304	198,000	217,000	255,240	279,032	269,419	254,292	274,763
Bangkok	กรุงเทพมหานคร	827,290		2,132,000	5,153,902	5,546,937	6,355,144	8,305,218	5,527,994
Bueng Kan	บึงกาฬ								421,995
Buri Ram	บุรีรัมย์	339,496	584,000	797,000	1,132,980	1,441,517	1,493,359	1,274,921	1,579,805
Chachoengsao	ฉะเชิงเทรา	240,410	323,000	338,000	498,148	582,783	635,153	715,603	724,178
Chai Nat	ชัยนาท	171,918	245,000	256,000	330,385	356,297	359,829	305,587	320,432
Chaiyaphum	ชัยภูมิ	293,738	486,000	626,000	857,692	1,059,549	1,095,360	963,907	1,122,265
Chanthaburi	จันทบุรี	110,808	158,000	211,000	330,610	439,273	480,064	485,611	536,557
Chiang Mai	เชียงใหม่	534,623	798,000	1,024,000	1,166,123	1,376,120	1,500,127	1,737,041	1,789,385
Chiang Rai	เชียงราย	476,118	812,000	1,086,000	922,850	1,039,388	1,129,701	1,172,928	1,298,425
Chon Buri	ชลบุรี	210,329	392,000	542,000	725,407	910,570	1,040,865	1,555,358	1,583,672
Chumphon	ชุมพร	118,427	175,000	235,000	330,455	397,679	446,206	467,801	509,479
Kalasin	กาฬสินธุ์		427,000	573,000	755,274	894,985	921,366	824,538	975,570
Kamphaeng Phet	กำแพงเพชร	65,742	173,000	333,000	559,223	668,001	674,027	797,391	712,143
Kanchanaburi	กาญจนบุรี	140,164	233,000	321,000	518,927	697,750	734,394	801,519	894,054
Khon Kaen	ขอนแก่น	590,664	844,000	1,025,000	1,354,855	1,681,479	1,733,434	1,741,980	1,790,863
Krabi	กระบี่	59,483	94,000	148,000	218,814	298,406	336,210	362,203	479,351
Lampang	ลำปาง	332,276	472,000	616,000	659,433	772,635	782,152	743,143	724,678
Lamphun	ลำพูน	180,781	250,000	318,000	353,607	417,565	413,299	412,741	401,139
Loei	เลย	134,202	211,000	326,000	449,535	551,892	607,083	546,028	638,732
Lop Buri	ลพบุรี	203,313	336,000	433,000	655,537	747,154	745,506	769,925	739,473
Mae Hong Son	แม่ฮ่องสอน	66,280	81,000	104,000	132,391	172,825	210,537	209,153	285,916
Maha Sarakham	มหาสารคาม	698,087	499,000	613,000	764,509	900,906	947,313	827,639	948,310
Mukdahan	มุกดาหาร					288,151	310,718	357,339	351,484
Nakhon Nayok	นครนายก	117,547	154,000	161,000	201,230	228,981	241,081	246,868	260,433
Nakhon Pathom	นครปฐม	268,958	370,000	411,000	561,346	657,182	815,122	943,892	922,171
Nakhon Phanom	นครพนม	307,172	436,000	561,000	760,319	634,966	684,444	583,726	717,040
Nakhon Ratchasima	นครราชสีมา	723,237	1,095,000	1,547,000	1,916,681	2,384,252	2,556,260	2,525,975	2,634,154
Nakhon Sawan	นครสวรรค์	373,006	648,000	758,000	976,971	1,088,213	1,090,379	992,749	1,035,028
Nakhon Si Thammarat	นครศรีธรรมราช	494,261	730,000	927,000	1,261,408	1,427,001	1,519,811	1,450,466	1,549,344
Nan	น่าน	204,499	240,000	310,000	378,999	449,257	458,041	452,814	475,875
Narathiwat	นราธิวาส	166,487	266,000	326,000	441,803	565,456	662,350	670,002	809,660
Nong Bua Lam Phu	หนองบัวลำภู						482,207	485,974	509,001
Nong Khai	หนองคาย	144,201	257,000	442,000	673,884	879,215	883,704	821,526	516,843
Nonthaburi	นนทบุรี	135,537	196,000	254,000	386,741	668,760	816,614	1,334,083	1,288,637
Pathum Thani	ปทุมธานี	139,339	190,000	233,000	324,468	452,693	677,649	1,327,147	1,190,060
Pattani	ปัตตานี	199,253	282,000	330,000	457,760	537,542	595,985	609,015	729,581
Phangnga	พังงา	61,077	93,000	135,000	174,973	212,923	234,188	258,535	268,016
Phatthalung	พัทลุง	149,431	234,000	298,000	412,265	460,626	498,471	480,976	522,541
Phayao	พะเยา				461,620	503,711	502,780	417,380	464,505
Phetchabun	เพชรบูรณ์	162,730	320,000	513,000	785,238	955,467	965,784	940,076	978,372
Phetchaburi	เพชรบุรี	180,509	238,000	278,000	366,612	427,985	435,377	472,589	482,875
Phichit	พิจิตร	237,241	389,000	440,000	534,481	558,818	572,989	548,242	529,395
Phitsanulok	พิษณุโลก	202,249	352,000	492,000	709,073	786,509	792,678	912,827	847,384
Phrae	แพร่	213,351	299,000	365,000	446,431	493,530	492,561	427,398	434,580
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya	พระนครศรีอยุธยา	362,761	479,000	501,000	623,242	685,394	727,277	870,671	820,512
Phuket	ภูเก็ต	49,324	76,000	100,000	133,669	168,429	249,446	525,709	418,785
Prachin Buri	ปราจีนบุรี	217,395	335,000	421,000	631,276	877,491	406,732	546,996	495,325
Prachuap Khiri Khan	ประจวบคีรีขันธ์	72,343	152,000	249,000	377,212	424,766	449,467	467,466	553,171
Ranong	ระนอง	21,488	38,000	59,000	83,707	117,440	161,210	249,017	194,573
Ratchaburi	ราชบุรี	295,534	411,000	464,000	644,746	720,157	791,217	796,748	868,281
Rayong	ระยอง	84,197	148,000	250,000	358,896	453,850	522,133	821,072	751,343
Roi Et	ร้อยเอ็ด	535,662	668,000	780,000	1,061,085	1,228,834	1,256,458	1,084,985	1,296,013
Sa Kaeo	สระแก้ว						485,632	555,961	561,992
Sakon Nakhon	สกลนคร	273,262	427,000	598,000	776,510	974,008	1,040,766	941,810	1,146,286
Samut Prakan	สมุทรปราการ	164,227	235,000	325,000	535,858	854,883	1,028,401	1,828,694	1,356,449
Samut Sakhon	สมุทรสาคร	111,479	166,000	158,000	265,464	358,155	466,281	887,191	586,789
Samut Songkhram	สมุทรสงคราม	124,894	162,000	159,000	196,659	206,506	204,177	185,564	190,842
Saraburi	สระบุรี	203,562	304,000	342,000	470,655	535,160	575,053	717,054	643,963
Satun	สตูล	46,514	70,000	131,000	164,740	222,768	247,875	274,863	324,835
Sing Buri	สิงห์บุรี	116,227	154,000	162,000	202,605	230,913	232,766	199,982	204,526
Si Sa Ket	ศรีสะเกษ	451,576	601,000	790,000	1,082,121	1,336,161	1,405,500	1,055,980	1,457,556
Songkhla	สงขลา	349,392	500,000	621,000	849,601	1,090,083	1,255,662	1,481,021	1,431,536
Sukhothai	สุโขทัย	193,696	316,000	394,000	531,624	592,658	593,264	629,707	585,352
Suphan Buri	สุพรรณบุรี	340,872	491,000	561,000	709,364	827,951	855,949	845,561	835,360
Surat Thani	สุราษฎร์ธานี	208,390	325,000	434,000	593,095	738,350	869,410	1,009,351	1,072,464
Surin	สุรินทร์	435,370	582,000	747,000	1,035,577	1,288,503	1,327,901	1,122,900	1,376,230
Tak	ตาก	102,193	168,000	217,000	276,994	353,803	486,146	526,382	676,583
Thonburi	ธนบุรี	289,352	2,136,000	919,000
Trang	ตรัง	148,591	240,000	326,000	427,055	519,155	595,110	598,877	639,788
Trat	ตราด	44,819	66,000	94,000	138,185	197,155	219,345	247,876	228,376
Ubon Ratchathani	อุบลราชธานี	849,451	1,131,000	1,480,000	1,560,272	1,932,052	1,691,441	1,746,790	1,868,519
Udon Thani	อุดรธานี	382,564	744,000	1,118,000	1,448,066	1,825,337	1,467,158	1,288,365	1,566,510
Uthai Thani	อุทัยธานี	104,852	146,000	177,000	259,464	304,776	304,122	297,493	325,116
Uttaradit	อุตรดิตถ์	170,844	260,000	321,000	432,995	460,516	464,474	438,578	446,148
Yala	ยะลา	81,471	149,000	199,000	273,866	356,904	415,537	433,167	542,314
Yasothon	ยโสธร				458,535	527,134	561,430	487,976	533,394
Total	ยอดรวม	17,256,840	26,260,000	34,152,000	46,961,338	56,303,273	60,913,637	65,981,659	66,171,439^[8]

Amphoe (Districts)

Amphoe (Template:Lang-th) or districts are the second level of administration. There are 878 amphoe throughout Thailand. They are led by a Nai Amphoe (Template:Lang-th) or district chief who is appointed by the central government. These districts vary greatly in size and population. Amphoe mueang )Template:Lang-th) are a term for amphoe that serve as or contain the capital of the province. Within these amphoe, there is either a thesaban nakhon or a thesaban mueang. Amphoe are responsible for general administrative work, clerical work and archives, and the public relations operations of the district. Furthermore, they are responsible for operations related to receptions, ceremonies, government ceremonies, religious ceremonies and various traditional events, operations of the Thai Red Cross Society and other charitable activities.^[9]

History

Amphoe originated from the RS115(1896) bill named Local Governing Regulations R.E. 115.^[10] At this time, the method for determining the area of an amphoe was to assign 10,000 citizens to a district.

Previously, another administrative division called king amphoe (Template:Lang-th) or minor districts was in use. These were set up when a district was too large and became inconvenient to govern. In practice, these districts were effectively identical to normal amphoe. A king amphoe could have been promoted to an amphoe proper if it met sufficient requirements regarding infrastructure and population. The opposite was also possible, where an amphoe lost influence and was further downgraded into a king amphoe. In 2007, all king amphoe were upgraded to amphoe proper in order to streamline governance. There were 81 king amphoe in 2007 at the time.

Tambon (sub-districts)

Tambon (Template:Lang-th) or sub-districts are the third-level of administration. There are 7,255 tambon in Thailand. Tambon are responsible for the economic, societal, and cultural development of the area, organizing public services for the benefit of the people of their own locality.^[11] In addition, under the 2001-2006 Thaksin Shinawatra government, the OTOP (One Tambon One Product) program was launched, aiming to promote and recognize unique traditions, cultures, and products from every tambon.^[12]

History

Tambon were previously the second-level of administration before the establishment of amphoe. They were previously governed by a provincial capital who appointed a kamnan or phan as its leader. In 1892, they were downgraded into the third-level of administration.

Muban (villages)

Muban (Template:Lang-th) or Villages are the fourth-level of administration in Thailand. There are 74,944 muban^[13] in Thailand. A muban is led by a phuyaiban (Template:Lang-th), who is chosen through local elections. All elected phuyaiban must be approved by the central government. Once in office, they can serve for a 5-year term with no limits on re-election. In cities, the term chumchon (Template:Lang-th) is used, although this is an unofficial title and is unrelated to the central government.

Local administrative divisions

Ordinary local administrative divisions

Thesaban (municipalities)

Thesaban (Template:Lang-th) or municipalities is the second level of administration. There are three types of municipalities: thesaban nakhon, thesaban muang, and thesaban tambon.

Thesaban nakhon (เทศบาลนคร) is the highest of these municipalities and there are 30 of them. To qualify for a thesaban nakhon, an area needs to have at least 50,000 citizens and the necessary infrastructure for a city.
Thesaban muang (เทศบาลเมือง) needs to have at least 10,000 citizens.
Thesaban tambon (เทศบาลตำบล) is the lowest administrative level for a municipality. In order to qualify as a thesaban tambon, there needs to be an income of 5 million baht, 5,000 citizens, and a density of 1,500 per square km.

They are known for being complicated geographically. It can extend over a few tambons or be contained within a tambon. Their responsibility are to maintain public order, provide and maintain land and waterways, maintain cleanliness of roads. or corridors and public places Including the disposal of solid waste and sewage, and prevent and suppress contagious diseases.^[14]

Originally thesaban were sanitation districts called sukhaphiban (Template:Lang-th) created to manage waste. Sukhaphiban used to co-exist with thesaban until it was abolished in 1999.

Special local administrative divisions

There are two special administrative regions within Thailand: Bangkok and Pattaya. The SAR is an autonomous region governed separately from the central government. The mayor of the SARs is elected directly by the citizen of their respective SARs. The SAR category is an exclusive administration category where the central government had to have a bill passed exclusively to make a city a SAR. Note that the degree of autonomy is different between these two SARs. Bangkok is recognized as its own polity while Pattaya is under the administration of Chonburi province. Bangkok has its own khaet-khwang system and Pattaya uses the tambon-muban system. This makes Pattaya closer to a thesaban nakhon than a SAR, still, it is classified as a SAR.

Currently, there are plans to make Chiang Mai and Mae Sot a special local administrative area.^[15] Though the plans for Chiang Mai is controversial due to the extreme centralization of the government. Especially within the parliament, conservatives called it separatism. A recent bill passed in 2005 and withdrawn in 2007 proposed a new province, Nakhon Suvarnabhumi, and was planned to be structured as a special local administrative area. As a result of a coup, the project was cancelled and withdrawn.

Khet and Khwang (special districts and sub-districts)

Only used in Bangkok, the khet-khwang system acts similarly to the amphoe-tambon system, with the Bangkok government (not to be confused with the central Thai government) appointing the governors of these districts. There are 50 khet and 180 khwang within Bangkok.

Catholic Dioceses

These are ecclesiastical provinces created by the catholic church. It is made up of archdiocese and smaller dioceses. There are two archdioceses within Thailand: Bangkok and Thare-Nonseng.

Informal administrative division

Krungthepmahanakhon lae Parimonthon (Bangkok Metropolitan Region)

Bangkok Metropolitan Region (Template:Lang-th) refers to the surrounding provinces of Bangkok SAR. This division is used to refer to the whole Bangkok and its suburb. Since Bangkok has outgrown its own SAR borders, neighboring provinces’ city is being absorbed into the Bangkok metropolis, though retaining their respective local government. The polity is defined as Bangkok and the five surrounding provinces of Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon. This definition of Bangkok is commonly used in radio, news, and everyday life when people refer to Bangkok.

Phak (region)

Phak (Template:Lang-th) refers to the grouping of multiple provinces with regard to history, culture, and geography. There are ten types of phak divisions: 6-regions, 5-4-regions, meteorological, tourism, economic, highway, landlines, postal, electoral, and scouts. In everyday life, one would expect to be using the 4-regions system due to its simplicity and wide understanding of this system.

The four regions system is composed of:

North
Isan
Central
South

The northern region closely resembles the former Kingdom of Lanna. This kingdom was split into five minor kingdoms in the 1800s and fully absorbed into Siam. Owing to their cultural differences, people from the central plains discriminate against the people of the frontiers regions of Siam. This ingrained the division between us and them within the Siamese psyche.

The Isan region resembles the old territory annexed from the Kingdom of Vientiane and Champassak. The southern region resembles the former territories of the Malay sultanates and the Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat.

Populations


Regions^[8]			Male			Female			Total
Central			10,984,989			11,857,239			22,842,228
	Bangkok Metropolitan Area			5,126,677			5,745,423			10,872,100
		Bangkok Special Administrative Area			2,592,292			2,935,702			5,527,994
	Pattaya Special Administrative Area^[16]			47,773			50,598			98,372
North			5,871,707			6,138,317			12,010,024
Isan			10,814,540			11,012,380			21,826,920
South			4,667,882			4,824,385			9,492,267
*Total*			32,339,118			33,960,884			66,171,439

Unorganized Administrative Region

During the reign of Rama III, there was a massive settlement effort, in which many city and town were created during this time. This caused a "great reshuffling" of the provinces' territory. This ended up leading to the creation of the unorganized region of Promthep. This region was the result of the breaking up of the Kingdom of Cambodia's northern region and annexing it as a part of Siam. Later, this region was partitioned and merged into the Kingdom of Champassak, Kingdom of Cambodia, Khukhan and Siemmarat.

Abolished administrative divisions

Monthon

Monthon (Template:Lang-th) were administrative subdivisions of Thailand at the beginning of the 20th century. The Thai word monthon is a translation of the word mandala (maṇḍala, literally "circle"). The monthon were created as a part of the Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล, literally "local government") bureaucratic administrative system, introduced by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab which, together with the monthon, established step-by-step today's present provinces (changwat), districts (amphoe), and communes (tambon) throughout Thailand. Each monthon was led by a royal commissioner called Thesaphiban (เทศาภิบาล), later renamed to Samuhathesaphiban (สมุหเทศาภิบาล). The system was officially adopted by the 1897 Local Administration Act.

In 1915 there were 19 monthons containing 72 provinces. Due to economic problems, several monthon were merged in 1925. Monthon Phetchabun had been dissolved in 1915. Only 14 monthon remained: Ayutthaya, Bangkok (Krung Thep), Chanthaburi, Nakhon Chaisi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Phayap, Phitsanulok, Phuket, Prachinburi, Ratchaburi, and Udon Thani. In 1932 another four were abolished: Chanthaburi, Nakhon Chaisi, Nakhon Sawan, and Pattani. Finally in 1933 the whole monthon system was abolished by the Provincial Administration Act 2476 B.E./A.D. 1933, part of the changes made after the coup d'état, which changed from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy.

Monthon	มณฑล	Established	Fate
Lao Klang	ลาวกลาง	1890	1893 - renamed Monthon Nakhon Ratchasima
Lao Tawan Ok	ลาวตะวันออก	1890	1891 - merged with Monthon Lao Tawan Ok Chiang Nua becoming Monthon Lao Kao
Lao Tawan Ok Chiang Nua	ลาวตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ	1890	1891 - merged with Monthon Lao Tawan Ok becoming Monthon Lao Kao
Lao Phuan	ลาวพวน	1890	1893 - renamed Monthon Udon after ceding the west bank of the Mekong.
Lao Kao	ลาวกาว	1891	1893 - renamed Monthon Isan
Lao Phung Khao	ลาวพุงขาว	1893	1893 - abolished, due to the annexation of territory to French Third Republic
Lao Chiang	ลาวเฉียง	1893	1900 - renamed into Monthon Tawan Ok Chiang Neua
Krung Kao	กรุงเก่า	1893	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Prachinburi	ปราจิณบุรี	1893	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Khamen	เขมร	1893	1899 - renamed Monthon Burapha
Nakhon Ratchasima	นครราชสีมา	1893	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Isan	อีสาน	1893	1912 - partitioned into Monthon Roi Et and Monthon Ubon
Phitsanulok	พิษณุโลก	1894	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Nakhon Sawan	นครสวรรค์	1895	1932 - merged into Monthon Krung Kao - Ayutthaya
Ratchaburi	ราชบุรี	1895	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Nakhon Chai Si	นครไชยศรี	1895	1932 - merged into Monthon Ratchaburi
Chumphon	ชุมพร	1896	1925 - merged into Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat	นครศรีธรรมราช	1896	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Syburi	ไทรบุรี	1897	1909 - abolished, due to the annexation of territory to British Empire
Krung Thep	กรุงเทพ	1897	1922 - merged into Monthon Krung Kao - Ayutthaya
Phuket	ภูเก็จ	1898	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Phetchabun	เพชรบูรณ์	1899 1907	1903 - merged into Monthon Phitsanulok 1916 - merged into Monthon Phitsanulok
Burapha	บูรพา	1899	1906 - abolished, due to the annexation of territory to French Third Republic
Tawan Ok Chiang Neua	ตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือ	1900	1901 - renamed into Monthon Phayap
Phayap	พายัพ	1901	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Udon	อุดร	1901	1933 - abolished, abolishment of the monthon system
Pattani	ปัตตานี	1906	1932 - merged into Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat
Chanthaburi	จันทบุรี	1906	1933 - merged into Prachinburi
Roi Et	ร้อยเอ็จ	1912	1932 - merged into Nakhon Ratchasima
Ubon	อุบล	1912	1932 - merged into Nakhon Ratchasima
Maharat	มหาราษฎร์	1915	1926 - merged into Monthon Phayap

Monthon Lao Chiang is the same as Monthon Phayap, to ease understanding in this table but in all cases, they are the same.
Monthon Lao Kao which became Monthon Isan, and Monthon Lao Phuan which became Monthon Udon.
The use of the name is up to interpretation and use on case-by-case basis, but name changes occurs due to Rama V integration policy of minorities and achieving assimilation.
Province merger not shown, only monthon partition and merger are

Boriwen

Boriwen (Template:Lang-th) was created due to the size of the three largest monthon hence a subdivision of monthons. Several provinces were grouped together into one boriwen. In 1908 the boriwen were renamed to changwat, which became the name of provinces in 1916. The monthon with between three and five boriwen were Phayap, Udon Thani and Isan. Each boriwen was administered by a commissioner (khaluang boriwen, ข้าหลวงบริเวณ).

Sukhaphiban

Sukhaphiban (Thai: สุขาภิบาล) were administrative divisions of Thailand. Sukhaphiban were the first sub-autonomous entities established in Thailand. A first such district was created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. Tha Chalom District became the second such district, created in 1906 and responsible for parts of Mueang Samut Sakhon District, Samut Sakhon Province.

In 1907 the act on operations of sanitary districts codified the regulations, and with the Local Administration Act of 1914 two levels of sukhaphiban were introduced, the sukhaphiban mueang for towns and sukhaphiban tambon for rural areas.

The number of sanitary districts grew to 35 in 1935, when these however were converted into municipalities (thesaban). New sanitary district were again established starting in 1952 by prime minister Phibun Songkhram. With the Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban of May 1999 they were again abolished, and all became thesaban tambon.

Muang Prathetsarat

Vassal states (Thai: เมืองประเทศราช) existed within Thailand for centuries since the founding of Sukhothai. Though not directly part of the country or even arguably an administrative division. Nonetheless, these states deserve a mention which is due to the fact that they are an entity within a certain polity.

Describing past vassals of Thailand requires the understanding of the mandala system. The mandala system is a largely diffused and dispersed power structure. This means that a vassal is largely independent to the central state, with the vassal also retaining sub-servient city-state-vassals. To explain this power structure, imagine if the United States is the central state, and Washington DC is the central state with 50 surrounding vassal states giving tributes to the central state and having open borders within these polities. These state-vassals also have subservient counties with autonomy in their internal affairs with these counties having their own autonomous sub-divisions. Thus, creating a pyramid of subservient cities and polities. It is not the current political structure of the United States due to the fact that the individual states could not just declare independence, which these vassal could, and had more autonomy from the central state. If the vassal states were to declare independence, it would incur the wrath of the central state. In history this was seen even when the Kingdom of Vientiane, a vassal, rebelled and lost which then was dissolved and absorbed into the central state.

The relationships between Thailand and its vassal varies over the centuries. It could be as amicable and the relationship that of the Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat. Compared with the less amicable, aforementioned, Kingdom of Vientiane, which started a rebellion in 1826 under King Anouvong (Xaiya Setthathirath V). The last vassal state to be subservient to Thailand was the Malay states, which was subsequently dissolved, ceded, and merged into provinces and British Malaya in 1909, and the Kingdom of Champassak, which was downgraded into a province.


Vassal States and Dependencies			เมืองประเทศราช			Period Under Suzerainty			Today Part of			Fate
Kingdom of Hanthawaddy			อาณาจักรหงสาวดี			1287–1298 1307–1317 1330			Myanmar			Gained independence due to the declining influence of the Kingdom of Sukhothai
Kingdom of Sukhothai			อาณาจักรสุโขทัย			1378–1438			Thailand			One of the first Thai states to form in the post-classical era, formed by King Si Inthrathit. Later, the Sukhothai Kingdom was overtaken by both military and cultural influences by the Ayutthaya Kingdom. The Sukhothai Kingdom became a vassal of Ayutthaya in 1378 and was fully integrated into the Kingdom of Ayutthaya in 1438. Later, a branch of the old royal family of Sukhothai gained influence in the royal court of Ayutthaya and established the Sukhothai Dynasty within the Ayutthayan court with King Maha Thammarachathirat being the founder.
Kingdom of Cambodia			อาณาจักรกัมพูชา			1594–1831 1845–1863			Cambodia			During the First Siamese-Ngyuen Dynasty War, Cambodia was invaded by Vietnamese forces, which then led to the subsequent transfer of Cambodia to Vietnam. Later during the Second Siamese-Ngyuen Dynasty War, both Siam and Nguyễn Dynasty came to a compromise with Cambodia coming under joint suzerainty. Cambodia was then transferred to the French Third Republic.
Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat			อาณาจักรนครศรีธรรมราช			1238–1767 1769–1784			Thailand			Briefly gain independence after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya, and later was integrated fully into the Kingdom of Rattanakosin.
Kingdom of Vientiane			อาณาจักรเวียงจันทน์			1779–1828			Laos, Vietnam			Annexed as a result of the Lao Rebellion in 1826
	Principality of Phuan			เมืองพวน			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam			Transferred to Siam then transferred the French Third Republic
	Federation of the Six Hua Phan Cantons			หัวพันทั้งห้าทั้งหก			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam			Transferred to Siam then transferred the French Third Republic
		Canton of Hiam-Son			เมืองเหียม-เมืองซ่อน			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
		Canton of Cham Neua			เมืองชำเหนือ			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
		Canton of Cham Tai			เมืองชำใต้			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
		Canton of Soi			เมืองโสย			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
		Canton of Kho-Sop'Et			เมืองเชียงฆอ-เมืองสบแอด			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
		Canton of Hua Muang			เมืองหัวเมือง			1779–1888			Laos, Vietnam
Kingdom of Champasak			อาณาจักรหลวงพระบาง			1779–1904			Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia			Downgraded to a province
Kingdom of Luang Prabang			อาณาจักรจำปาศักดิ์			1779–1893			Laos, Vietnam			Transferred to the French Third Republic
	Principality of Phongsali			เมืองพงสาลี			1779–1893			Laos, Vietnam			Transferred to the French Third Republic
	Federation of the Twelve Tai Cantons*			สิบสองจุไทย			1779–1888			Vietnam			Transferred to the French Third Republic
		Canton of Lai			เมืองไล			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Te			เมืองแต่			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Jian			เมืองเจียน			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Mun			เมืองมุน			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Bang			เมืองบาง			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Thaeng			เมืองแถง			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Khwai			เมืองควาย			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Dung			เมืองดุง			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Muai			เมืองม่วย			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of La			เมืองลา			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Moh			เมืองโมะ			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Wat			เมืองหวัด			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Sang			เมืองซาง			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of So			เมืองสอ			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Than			เมืองถาน			1779–1888			Vietnam
		Canton of Lo			เมืองลอ			1779–1888			Vietnam
Kingdom of Chiang Mai			นครเชียงใหม่			1775–1894			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Principality of Lampang			นครเมืองลำปาง			1775–1894			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Principality of Nan			นครเมืองน่าน			1775–1894			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Principality of Lamphun			นครลำพูน			1775–1894			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Principality of Phrae			เมืองแพร่			1775–1894			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Sultanate of Kedah			เมืองสตูลไทรบุรี			1821–1909			Malaysia			Transferred to the British Empire
Kingdom of Setul			เมืองสตูล			1808–1909			Thailand			Downgraded to a province
Kingdom of Perlis			เมืองปะลิส			1843–1909			Malaysia			Transferred to the British Empire
Kingdom of Kubang Pasu			เมืองกุปังปาสู			1839–1864			Malaysia			Merged into Syburi
Sultanate of Pattani			อาณาจักรปัตตานี			1786–1902			Thailand, Malaysia			Downgraded to a province, and partitioned into seven autonomous townships
Kingdom of Reman			อาณาจักรรามัน			1810–1902			Thailand, Malaysia			partitioned and merged into surrounding provinces: Pattani, Narathiwat, and Yala. The southern part is transferred to the British Empire
Sultanate of Terengganu			อาณาจักรตรังกานู			1786–1909			Malaysia			Transferred to the British Empire
	Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman			อาณาจักเบอซุต			1780–1899			Malaysia			annexed by the Sultanate of Terengganu
Sultanate of Kelantan			อาณาจักรกลันตัน			1786–1909			Malaysia			Transferred to the British Empire
Kingdom of Chiang Tung			เมืองเชียงตุง			1802–1812			Myanmar			Declared Independence, Submitted to Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)
Principality of Hà Tiên			เมืองบันทายมาศ			1785–1809			Cambodia, Vietnam			Declared Independence, Submitted to Nguyễn Dynasty
Federation of Sipsong Panna			สิบสองปันนา			1802–1812			Myanmar, Laos, China			Declared Independence, Submitted to Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)
	Canton of Chiang Rung			นครเชียงรุ่ง			1802–1812			China
		Chiang Rung			เชียงรุ่ง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Yang			เมืองยาง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Ham			เมืองฮำ			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Je			นครเมืองแจ			1802–1812			China
		Muang Je			เมืองแจ			1802–1812			China
		Muang Mang (Western)			เมืองมาง(ตะวันตก)			1802–1812			China
		Chiang Lu			เชียงลู			1802–1812			China
		Muang Ong			เมืองออง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Luang			นครเมืองลวง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Hon			นครเมืองหน			1802–1812			China , Myanmar
		Muang Hon			เมืองหน			1802–1812			China
		Muang Phan			เมืองพาน			1802–1812			China
		Muang Lo			เมืองลอ			1802–1812			Myanmar
	Canton of Rai			นครเมืองราย			1802–1812			China
		Muang Rai			เมืองราย			1802–1812			China
		Muang Juang			เมืองเจือง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Ngad			นครเมืองงาด			1802–1812			China
		Muang Ngad			เมืองงาด			1802–1812			China
		Muang Khang			เมืองขาง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Wang			เมืองวัง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Lah			นครเมืองหล้า			1802–1812			China
		Muang Lah			เมืองหล้า			1802–1812			China
		Muang Ban			เมืองบาน			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Hing			นครเมืองฮิง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Hing			เมืองฮิง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Pang			เมืองปาง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of La			นครเมืองลา			1802–1812			China
		Chiang Neua			เชียงเหนือ			1802–1812			China
		Muang La			เมืองลา			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Phong			นครเมืองพง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Phong			เมืองพง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Mang (Eastern)			เมืองมาง(ตะวันออก)			1802–1812			China
		Muang Yuan			เมืองหย่วน			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Ou Neua			นครเมืองอูเหนือ			1802–1812			Laos
		Muang Ou Neua			เมืองอูเหนือ			1802–1812			Laos
		Muang Ou Tai			เมืองอูใต้			1802–1812			Laos
	Canton of Tho			นครเมืองทอ			1802–1812			China
		Chiang Tho			เชียงทอ			1802–1812			China
		Muang I-Ngou			เมืองอีงู			1802–1812			China
		Muang I-Pang			เมืองอีปาง			1802–1812			China
	Canton of Phuthaen Luang			นครเมืองภูแถนหลวง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Phuthaen Luang			เมืองภูแถนหลวง			1802–1812			China
		Muang Kham Thaen			เวียงคำแถน			1802–1812			China
Principality of Chiang Khaeng			เมืองเชียงแขง			1802–1812 1892–1893**			Laos, Myanmar			Declared Independence, Submitted to Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire), then transferred to Siam merging with the Principality of Nan then transferred to the French Third Republic
Principality of Chiang Lap			เมืองเชียงลับ			1802–1812			Myanmar			Declared Independence, Submitted to Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)

*Twelve Cantons were actually composed of twelve to sixteen different cantons. Note that throughout the centuries, different cantons held the same seats. The number of seats range from 12 to 16.

**Chiang Khaeng was merged with the Principality of Nan after the transfer.

Lost Territories

There are various territories which were partitioned and transferred to another political entity over the centuries. This could be either that the central government gave an order, or an independent action acted upon by the individual muang prathetsarat.


Territory	เขตการปกครอง	Period Under Suzerainty	Fate	Today part of
Salaween Territory	ดินแดนสาละวิน	1802–1892	Traded to Karenni State and Shan State, British Burma, gaining Chiang Khaeng.	Myanmar, Laos
Chiang Khaeng Territory	ดินแดนเมืองเชียงแขง	1892–1893	Transferred to the French Third Republic	Myanmar
Koh Song Territory	ดินแดนเกาะสอง	1769–1864	Ceded to the British Empire	Myanmar
Miawdi Territory	ดินแดนเมียวดี	1768–1834	Gifted to the British Empire, from the Kingdom of Chiang Mai	Myanmar
Mohtahmah Territory	ดินแดนเมาะตะมะ	1287–1548 1594–1613 1662	Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)	Myanmar
Thawai Territory	ดินแดนทวาย	1287–1548 1593–1613 1662	Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)	Myanmar
Tanaosi Territory	ดินแดนตะนาวสี	1287–1564 1593–1614 1756–1760	Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Toungoo Dynasty, regained Ceded to the Konbaung Dynasty (Third Burmese Empire)	Myanmar