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Carnide

Coordinates: 38°45′36″N 9°11′20″W / 38.760°N 9.189°W / 38.760; -9.189
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Carnide
Civil parish
Clockwise: Colombo Centre; street art in Carnide"; "Colégio Militar"; "Largo da Luz"
Coat of arms of Carnide
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 38°45′36″N 9°11′20″W / 38.760°N 9.189°W / 38.760; -9.189
Country Portugal
RegionLisbon
Metropolitan areaLisbon
DistrictLisbon
MunicipalityLisbon
Area
 • Total
3.69 km2 (1.42 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total
18,028
 • Density4,900/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Websitehttp://www.jf-carnide.pt/

Carnide (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐɾˈniðɨ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in northern Lisbon, Carnide is north of São Domingos de Benfica and Benfica, east of Lumiar, and directly south of Lisbon's border with Odivelas. The population in 2021 was 18,028.[1][2]

History

Antiquity (up to 711 CE)

The settlement of the extensive area north of the boundaries of Lisbon up to Odivelas dates back to ancient times, preceding Romanization. In addition to traces of scattered occupation during the Neolithic era, a few small-sized settlements were established, which were swiftly assimilated into Roman culture and economy.

During the 1st century, there existed several farming ventures within the region that now constitutes the freguesia (civil parish) of Carnide, ensuring the sustenance of the settlements there.

In the 4th century, there was a surge in population recorded, owing to the erection of a fresh cathedral, a monastery, and a infirmary (currently known as the Hospital da Luz, which presently houses the Colégio Militar).[3]

Muslim rule (711 CE - 1147 CE)

During the Muslim rule of the Iberian Peninsula between the 8th and 12th centuries, the occupation intensified with the consolidation of small homesteads and the development of orchards and gardens. The region was considered the granary of Lisbon and from here, agricultural products regularly supplied the city.

At the time of the conquest of Lisbon, the number of local residents was already significant. They were later joined by many Moors who were either expelled from the city proper (Mouraria) or left voluntarily. Christians and Muslims eventually merged in a short time, erasing religious and cultural differences.[3][4]

Kingdom of Portugal and incorporation into Lisbon (1147 - 1885)

São Lourenço church's façade

The parish is believed to have been formally established in the year 1279. During this period, toponymic recognition became permanently entrenched. The name Carnide is undoubtedly of greater antiquity (Celtic, Latin, or Moorish in origin), yet it started to gain widespread use only in the medieval era.

Renowned for its salubrious air, the parish attracted a number of aristocrats who chose to take up residence in Carnide, thereby enlivening the local economy. This inclination continued until the 16th century when Carnide was transformed into a hamlet, positioned between the Church of Nossa Senhora da Luz and the Church of São Lourenço (1342).[3] It belongs - as the rest of Catholic religious buildings found in the parish - to the Lisbon Patriarchate of the Catholic Church.

Nossa Senhora da Luz chrch's façade

Many noblemen arrived in Carnide to convalesce from military campaigns in the conquest of North Africa during the reign of King Afonso V. The monarch himself, who in 1442 granted land in the vicinity of Carnide, is believed to have temporarily resided here, as did King John II, who dispatched a letter to the Baron of Alvito dated March 24, 1462, and signed in Carnide.

In 1463, the veneration of Our Lady of Light[5] commenced. This was the year in which a young man by the name of Pero Martins claimed to have beheld the apparition of Our Lady in his dreams, cradling the Infant Jesus in her arms while holding a candle or a lantern. Subsequently, the devotion to Our Lady of Light began to spread, with Archbishop D. Afonso laying the foundation stone of the Church of Our Lady of Light in Carnide the following year, in the presence of King D. Afonso V and other members of the royal court.[6][7][8]

Santa Teresa de Jesus de Carnide Convent

The following year, a pilgrimage began at the end of summer, in September, marking the conclusion of the agricultural harvests. In the XVI century Infanta Maria, Duchess of Viseu sponsored the construction of several buildings in the area. In the XVI century in the parish was also active Spainish painter Francisco Venegas, whose works can still be found in the local church.

Altar in Santa Teresa convent

By the 18th century, the parish was essentially composed of two established nuclei, Carnide and Luz. In the 18th century, Luz served as a significant hub of attraction within the parish of Carnide. Large fairs and pilgrimages were held in the current Garden and Praça da Luz (Luz Square), drawing numerous visitors to the area during the summer months. The processions and pilgrimages of Nossa Senhora da Luz were grand events, attended even by the nobility.[9][10] Members of the nobility-upper class linked to Carnide include both daughters of politician Hermano Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco, who married in the parish, but also Luísa de Bragança, Duchess of Cadaval that with her aunt Maria of Braganza (natural daughter of John IV of Portugal) was raised in a Monastery in the area. It is worth noting that during the 18th century well-known painter-engraver Vieira Lusitano was also active in the area.

In 1852, the parish of Carnide was incorporated into the newly established municipality of Belém. Thirty-three years later, in 1885, it once again became part of the municipality of Lisbon. During this period, urban development works were carried out in the Praça da Luz (Luz Square), and improvements were made to the public roads in the parish.[3][11][12] Under the old administrative division, it was part of the province of Estremadura.

Urbanization and new boundaries (1885-2012)

Carnide metro station

At the end of the 19th century, the construction of two ceramic factories in the outskirts of the settlements, along with the establishment of industrial units in neighboring parishes, invigorated the economy and encouraged laborers to settle in Carnide.

Street art in Carnide

In the 20th century, agricultural practices, coupled with rural exodus, led to the abandonment of many estates. This, in turn, marked the commencement of intensive urbanization in the area. The once rural parish - in the beginning of the XX century there were still areas without electricity or tap water[13] - became in the course of the XX century an highly urbanized area. Despite the buildings found nowadays, there are still reminiscences of its origins if the toponymy of the parish is taken into account. In fact, places such as "Azinhaga das Cerejeiras" or "Azinhaga dos Cerejais" recall the cherry trees once cultivated in the area or places such as "Azinhaga do serrado" (literally "narrow street with dense vegetation") or also "Azinhaga dos Lameiros" (literally "narrow street of the meadows") or Largo das Pimenteiras (literally "Pepper plant square") or even Largo do Malvar (literally "Mallow square") are clear reminders of the rural past of the parish.[14][13][15][16][17] Other toponyms such as "Azinhaga das freiras" or "Azinhaga das Carmelitas" are, on the other hand, reminders of the convents once found in the parish.[18][19][20]

Art in Carnide

Carnide had always been a parish where the aristocracy coexisted with the less privileged social strata. Nowadays, Carnide boasts both older and more contemporary districts. If the Carnide Historic centre houses around 1,300 people, while more than 6,000 live in Bairro Padre Cruz, one of the biggest social housing neigbourhoods in Europe. Its living conditions were also used as a background for Portuguese drama film Blood of My Blood.[11] Relevant historical happenings include Teatro da Luz (Luz theatre) being established as Teatro Dom Luiz Filipe in 1903.[21] Then, in 1913, Carnide Theatre (Teatro de Carnide) was established. Carnide Theatre, previously known as Carnide Dramatic Society, merged with the Carnide Theater Group, founded in 1953.[22]

Colombo shopping mall

The urbanization of Bairro Padre Cruz occurred in 1959[23] while shortly after, in 1960, the Estádio Dr.Agostinho Lourenço was built.[24] In 1962 the Bairro Padre Cruz Market was inaugurated, due to the reconversion of a building dating 1907. Currently (2023), the market is being extensively renovated.[25] In the same year the market was inaugurated, the Our Lady of Fátima church (Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima) was built as well.[26]

Street art in Carnide

The urbanization of Bairro da Horta Nova started in the 1970s.[27] During the same time period a new building in Carnide - part of the larger "Quinta dos Condes de Carnide urban project" - was selected as the Valmor prize winner.[28] Amongst known architects who worked in Carnide in the second half of the XX century there was also Jorge Ferreira Chaves.

In 1978 the Vergílio Ferreira Secondary School was erected where the Quinta dos Inglesesinhos, a community of Catholic Irish friars, once stood while the Carnide urbanization project was again awarded the Valmor Prize in 1985.[21] Three years afterwards, the Colégio Militar/Luz metro station opened in 1988.

During 1991-1996 two major works were inaugurated. Lispolis, a non-profit private association representing 126 enterprises and with a big campus in Carnide,[29][30] and the Carnide Cemetery. Notable people buried here include poet Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen[31][32]

Street art in Carnide

The Colombo shopping mall - that now employs around 5,500 people - was inaugerated in 1997. In the same year Carnide metro station and Pontinha metro station were opened to the public.[33][34][35]

Street art in Carnide

The inauguration of Casa do Artista-Apoiarte occurred in 1999[21] while in 2001 and 2003, respectively, the MFA Museum[36] and the Armando Cortez theatre were opened (teatro Armando Cortez).[21]

In 2004, two organizations were inaugurated. TIL-Teatro infantil de Lisboa, an association promoting theatre amongst kids since 1976, established its headquarters in Armando Cortez theatre,[37][38] and the Luz Hospital (Hospital da Luz), the largest private hospital in Portugal and property of Luz Saúde group.[39][40][41] In the same year, there was the requalification of Alameda Roentgen, now a green area with children's playgrounds and commercial activities.[42][38]

The First Colombo tower (Torre Oriente) was completed in 2009.[43][44] In the same year the Former Portuguese Design Centre building was awarded with the Valmor prize.[21] Three years later - in 2011 - the Second Colombo tower (Torre Ocidente) was completed.[45]

Infrastructure development (2012 - present)

Adjustments, which took place in 2012, to the boundaries of the parish of Carnide

Following the Administrative Reform of civil parishes occurred in Portugal in 2012-2013, Carnide lost around 17.6% of its population to Lumiar and Benfica.[46][47]

In 2013 Carnide was again mentioned during the Valmor prize for architecture ceremony thanks to its efforts in urbanizing Lispolis district.[21]

Street art in Carnide

Year 2015 saw the start of an ambitious project aimed at rehabilitating Bairro Padre Cruz neighbourhood, where around 6,100 people live, making it one of the biggest social housing neighbourhoods in Europe.[48][49] By 2019, more than 300 houses had already been torn down and substituted by better accommodations.[50][51] In 2020 the construction of other 100 brand new houses, as well as the demolition of old ones, was announced.[52]

In 2016 Bairro Padre Cruz hosted a street art festival that provided the neighbourhood with more than 90 artworks, still visible today and now a major attraction in the parish.[53][54][55][56]

In 2021 the Luz Hospital complex (private) became the first private university hospital in Portugal.[57] In the same year, a major requalification of Bairro da Horta Nova (Horta Nova neighbourhood) occurred.[58]

Dealing with the development of Colombo shopping mall, in 2022 the construction of a third tower, as well as the further expansion of the mall, began.[59][60][61] 2022 saw also the inauguration of a new municipal market (Mercado da Pontinha); although technically located within Carnide, it is administered by Odivelas municipality.[62][63]

Street art in Carnide

In the late 2010s and early 2020s many projects have been laid out for Carnide, aiming at enhancing the living conditions of those already living in the parish, attract new inhabitants and better the infrastructures as a whole; one of the latest projects completed is Duo Building, a residential unit opened in 2023.[64]

Carnide, once a neglected parish, is now being revitalised also thanks to the contribution of numerous cultural associations located there including Natália Correia public library,[21] Boutique da Cultura,[21] Centro Cultural de Carnide,[65] Centro Cultural Franciscano,[66] Centro de Recursos DLBC Lisboa,[67] Clube Atlético e Cultural (CAC),[68] the Portuguese Federation of Automobilism and Karting,[21] Instituto para o Desenvolvimento Social,[21] Trokaki,[21] Teatro da Luz,[21] the Instituto Superior de Línguas e Administração library,[69] Casa do Artista (Apoiarte)[70] and the Portuguese Federation of Aeromodelism[21] amongst others.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18641,278—    
18781,179−7.7%
18901,737+47.3%
19011,813+4.4%
19111,740−4.0%
19202,550+46.6%
19302,482−2.7%
19403,211+29.4%
19503,351+4.4%
19604,263+27.2%
19718,736+104.9%
198113,370+53.0%
199114,768+10.5%
200118,989+28.6%
201123,316+22.8%
202118,028−22.7%
Source: INE[71]

Between 1864 and 1878 it belonged to the extinct municipality of Belém. The limits were set by Law n.º 56/2012, of November 8.

In 1890, little after Carnide was incorporated into Lisbon, the total population stood at 1,737. In 1970, 80 years later, the population had grown to 8,736, recording a 402.9% growth rate.

The parish experienced continued growth in 1980 Census (when many people coming from the former Portuguese colonies in Africa - the so called retornados - moved to Portugal) up to 2011. From 1970 to 2011 Carnide gained 14,580 people, recording a 166.9% growth rate. The 2012 Portuguese administrative reform meant that the population fell from 23,316 to 19,218 (17.6% of the parish population) since parts of the parish were incorporated into neighbouring Benfica or Lumiar.

The proportion of senior citizens, defined as those older than 65, has been steadily increasing in recent years. If they represented 13.48% of the population in 2001, their share increased to 15.55% in 2011 and further to 23.68% in 2021.

Population by Age Group according to the latest census[72]
Ano 0-14 Anos 15-24 Anos 25-64 Anos > 65 Anos
2001 3312 3038 10080 2559
2011 3774 2767 13149 3626
2021 2462 2008 9289 4269

Landmarks

Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
  • Bairro Padre Cruz street art: there are more than 90 artworks scattered through this neighborhood, that hosted a street art festival in 2016.[54][53]
  • Busto de D. António Francisco Marques: A sculpture inaugurated in 2019. It is dedicated to the first bishop of Santarém.[73]
  • Busto do Padre Francisco da cruz: A sculpture by Joaquim Martins Correia dating from 1967.[74]
  • Carnide Historic centre (Zona antiga de Carnide)
  • Casa da Quinta do Bom Nome: Historic building from the XVIII century, now home to European University (Portuguese: Universidade Europeia, abbr.: UE), a private university established in 2011 with around 2,300 students.[21][75]
  • Cidade Imaginária: A sculpture by Charters de Almeida inaugurated in 2001, in a roundabout at the entrance of Lispolis Parque Poente.[76]
  • Chafariz da Luz: Historic public fountain[77]
  • Chafariz do Malvar: Public fountain dated 1857[78][79][80]
  • Colégio Militar: Military high school founded in 1803
  • Colombo Centre: Second largest shopping mall in Portugal. The mall has 119 725 m2 and 340 stores
  • Santa Teresa de Jesus de Carnide Convent: Convent founded in 1642 by Micaela Margarida de Sant'Ana, daughter of the emperor Matthias of the Holy Roman Empire and John IV's niece to house Carmelite nuns. Infanta Maria oversaw its completion, adorning the convent and church (1663-1667).[81]
  • Coreto de Carnide: Bandstand dated 1929. It stands in the historical centre of Carnide.[82][83]
  • Escultura de Carlos Seixas: A sculpture by Euclides Vaz dated 1972
  • Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Luz: Church from the XVI century.[84] Built in 1870 by architect Valentim Correia, the facade houses a remarkable interior with a marble-decorated chapel, a simple sepulcher for Infanta D. Maria (daughter of Manuel I), a splendid gilded wood altarpiece by Francisco Venegas and Diogo Teixeira, and wooden altarpieces depicting scenes like the Circumcision, Flight into Egypt, and Saint Benedict delivering the Rule. In the church's southern section, remnants of an ancient chapel from 1463/64, including a Manueline arch and Hispano-Arabic tiles, can be found.[21]
  • Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição: Church inaugurated in 1967[85]
  • Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima (Our Lady of Fátima church): Church inaugurated in 1962 in Bairro Padre Cruz
  • Miradouro da Serra da Luz: An elevated viewpoint on Oeiras and Odivelas[86]
  • Monumento ao Colégio Militar: A monument erected in 1932 by Pero Pinheiro[21]
  • Museu do do Posto de Comando do MFA: Inaugurated in 2001, it is a museum dedicated to the Portuguese Armed forces located where the Carnation Revolution started. The access is made from Odivelas and the museum is managed by Odivelas municipality.[36][87][88]
  • Palácio dos Condes de Carnide: a XVIII century palace, who suffered major interventions during 1750 - 1775[89][90]
  • Troço da Muralha de Circunvalação de Lisboa: ruins of ancient Lisbon walls, visible from Rua principal, 195, Odivelas. A section around 340 meters long lies in Carnide.[91]

Gardens and parks

Carnide hosts several public gardens, often hosting playgrounds or public workout facilities. These include Jardim Bento Martins (with playground),[21] Jardim da Alameda Roentgen (with playground, skatepark and outdoor gym),[21] Jardim Teixeira Rebelo (or Jardim do Largo da Luz, hosting two little lakes)[21] and Parque Hortícola da Quinta das Carmelitas.[21]

In recent years there has been a constant investment towards public facilities such as children playgrounds, with many created alongside the development of the parish.[21]

Sport

The neighborhood has many sports facilities, among them the Dr. Agostinho Lourenço Stadium, which hosts the neighborhood's main football team, Unidos de Lisboa.

Streets

Universidade Europeia building in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide depicting a reinterpretation of Marquês de Pombal
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide
Street art in Carnide

The parish of Carnide was one of those maintained during the administrative reorganization of the city of Lisbon, suffering only minor adjustments along the borders with the neighboring parishes.

The parish has 154 streets.[92] They are:

  • Alameda Roentgen
  • Avenida da Cidade de Praga
  • Avenida das Nações Unidas
  • Avenida do Colégio Militar
  • Avenida dos Condes de Carnide
  • Avenida Eusébio da Silva Ferreira
  • Avenida General Norton de Matos
  • Avenida Lusíada
  • Avenida Marechal Teixeira Rebelo
  • Avenue Prof. Francisco da Gama Caeiro
  • Azinhaga da Cova da Onça
  • Azinhaga da Fonte
  • Azinhaga da Luz
  • Azinhaga da Torre do Fato
  • Azinhaga das Carmelitas
  • Azinhaga das Cerejeiras
  • Azinhaga das Freiras
  • Azinhaga do Serrado
  • Azinhaga dos Cerejais
  • Azinhaga dos Lameiros
  • Master's Alley
  • north alley
  • Circumvallation Road
  • Estrada da cintura
  • Estrada da Luz
  • Estrada da Pontinha
  • Estrada do Paço do Lumiar
  • Estrada do Poço do Chão
  • Jardim Adão Barata
  • Jardim Bento Martins
  • Largo da Luz
  • Largo da Revista Militar
  • Largo das Pimenteiras
  • Largo do Jogo da Bola
  • Largo do Malvar
  • Largo Francisco Smith
  • Largo José João Farinha Jr.
  • Largo José Veiga Simao
  • Largo Miguel Jose Mendes
  • Largo Padre Filipe Carreira Rosário
  • Praça Cosme Damião
  • Praça Rocha Martins
  • Praça San Francisco de Assis
  • Rua Adelaide Cabete
  • Rua Adelaide Felix
  • Rua Albert Einstein
  • Rua Alfredo Ferraz
  • Rua Alvaro Benamor
  • Rua Ana de Castro Osorio
  • Rua António Champalimaud
  • Rua Aristides de Sousa Mendes
  • Rua Augusto Macedo
  • Rua Aurelio Quintanilha
  • Rua Carlos Alves
  • Calle Carlos Morato Rome
  • Rua Cesina Adães Bermudes
  • Rua Conselheiro José Silvestre Ribeiro
  • Rua Corino de Andrade
  • Cupertino de Miranda Street
  • Rua D. Antonio Francisco Marques
  • Fountain Street
  • Rua Horta Nova
  • Master's Street
  • Rua da Quinta das Camareiras
  • Rua das Parreiras
  • Rua Barcelona
  • Rua do Machado
  • Rua Norte
  • Rua do Rio Águeda
  • Rua do Rio Alcoa
  • Rua do Rio Almansor
  • Rua do Rio Alva
  • Rua do Rio Alviela
  • Rua do Rio Arade
  • Rua do Rio Ave
  • Rua do Rio Caia
  • Rua do Rio Cávado
  • Rua do Rio Ceira
  • Rua do Rio Corgo
  • Rua do Rio Coura
  • Rua do Rio Dão
  • Rua do Rio Douro
  • Rua do Rio Guadiana
  • Rua do Rio Laboreiro
  • Rua do Rio Lena
  • Rua do Rio Liz
  • Rua do Rio Minho
  • Rua do Rio Mira
  • Rua do Rio Mondego
  • Rua do Rio Paiva
  • Rua do Rio Sabor
  • Rua do Rio Sado
  • Rua do Rio Tâmega
  • Rua do Rio Távora
  • Rua do Rio Tejo
  • Rua do Rio Torgal
  • Rua do Rio Tua
  • Rua do Rio Vizela
  • Rua do Rio Vouga
  • Rua do Rio Zêzere
  • Rua do Seminario
  • Rua Domingos Rebelo
  • Rua Palhinhas Taxi
  • Rua Eduardo Viana
  • Rua Engº Ferry Borges
  • Rua Eugénio Salvador
  • Rua Fernando Namora
  • Rua Fernando Piteira Santos
  • Rua Francisco Cortes Pinto
  • Rua Galileo Galilei
  • Rua General Henrique de Carvalho
  • Rua Guiomar Torresão
  • Rua Herculano Pimentel
  • Rua Joao Morais Barbosa
  • Rua Jorge Vieira
  • Rua José Farinha
  • Rua Jose Gamboa
  • Rua José Maria Nicolau
  • Rua Laura Ayres
  • Rua Manuel Rodrigues da Silva
  • Rua Manuela Porto
  • Rua Maria Browne
  • Rua Maria de Lourdes de Mello e Castro
  • Rua Maria José Estanco
  • Rua Maria Veleda
  • Rua Mariana Vilar
  • Rua Neves Costa
  • Rua Padre Americo
  • Rua Particular à Azinhaga dos Lameiros
  • Rua Pires Jorge
  • Rua Poeta Bocage
  • Rua Prista Monteiro
  • Rua Prof. Almeida Lima
  • Rua Prof. Arsenio Nunes
  • Rua Prof. Francisco Pereira de Moura
  • Rua Prof. Jorge Campinos
  • Rua Prof. Lindley Cintra
  • Rua Prof. Luís da Cunha Gonçalves
  • Rua Prof.ª Maria Leonor Buescu
  • Rua Prof. Miller Guerra
  • Rua Prof. Pais da Silva
  • Rua Prof. Sedas Nunes
  • Rua Prof. Tiago de Oliveira
  • Rua Professor Fidelino de Figueiredo
  • Rua Públia Hortênsia de Castro
  • Rua Sidónio Serpa
  • Rua Virgilio Martino
  • Rua Victor Santos
  • Travessa da Luz
  • Travessa do Cascão
  • Travessa do jogo da bola
  • Travessa do Machado
  • Travessa do Malvar
  • Travessa do Preoeiro

Notable people

References

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  2. ^ INE. "Indicador". tabulador.ine.pt. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  3. ^ a b c d "História". Junta de Freguesia de Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  4. ^ Carnide (Pombal), Freguesia de. "Freguesia de Carnide (Pombal)". Freguesia de Carnide (Pombal) (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
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  6. ^ "As Festas da Senhora da Luz e o Seu Surpreendente Património • getLISBON" (in European Portuguese). 2023-09-15. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
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  9. ^ "Feira da Luz". www.agendalx.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
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  11. ^ a b "Carnide. Uma aldeia urbana entre o passado e o futuro". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  12. ^ SAPO. "Carnide: a freguesia que une Lisboa e que já fez parte do concelho de... Belém". SAPO 24 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  13. ^ a b "Azinhaga do Serrado". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  14. ^ "Azinhaga dos Cerejais". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  15. ^ "Azinhaga dos Lameiros". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  16. ^ "Largo das Pimenteiras". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  17. ^ "Largo do Malvar". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  18. ^ "Azinhaga das Freiras". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  19. ^ "Azinhaga das Carmelitas". Projeto e-Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  20. ^ "A Azinhaga das Carmelitas do Mosteiro de Santa Teresa do séc. XVII". Toponímia de Lisboa (in European Portuguese). 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Casa da Quinta do Bom Nome". informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  22. ^ "Teatro de Carnide". Time Out Lisboa (in European Portuguese). 2016-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  23. ^ "Bairro Padre Cruz". Junta de Freguesia de Carnide (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-09-04.
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