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Costa Rica–Mexico relations

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Costa Rica-Mexico relations
Map indicating locations of Costa Rica and Mexico

Costa Rica
Mexico

Costa Rica–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between Costa Rica and Mexico. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

History

Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto in San José; February 2013.

Costa Rica and Mexico are two Latin American nations that share a common cultural history from the Nahuas and the Oto-Manguean people that inhabit both central Mexico and Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. The two nations also share a common history in the fact that both nations were colonized by the Spanish empire. During Spanish colonization, Costa Rica was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of New Spain in Mexico City. In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and Costa Rica became a part of the First Mexican Empire. In 1823, the empire dissolved and Costa Rica, along with El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua joined the United Provinces of Central America. In 1838, the union dissolved and Costa Rica became an independent nation.[1] That same year, Costa Rica and Mexico established diplomatic relations.[2]

In March 1948, Costa Rica entered into a civil war. During the war, the ambassadors of Chile, Mexico, Panama and the United States met at the premise of the Mexican embassy in San José and agreed to mediate between both belligerents of the war to bring them to a peaceful resolution. This was known as the Pacto de la embajada de México.[3] The war ended in April 1948 and Costa Rica entered into its 'Second Republic.'[2]

During the central-American wars taking place in neighboring El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua; both Costa Rica and Mexico led mediation dialogues between warring factions in each nation in order to bring peace and stability to the region. Mexico (along with Colombia, Panama and Venezuela) created the Contadora Group which helped create the framework for the Esquipulas Peace Agreement, led by Costa Rica's President Oscar Arias.[4][5]

There have been several high-level visits between leaders of both nations. Both nations work closely together in multilateral organizations and Mexico supports the inclusion of Costa Rica as a member of APEC and the Pacific Alliance.[6]

High-level visits

Costa Rican President Luis Guillermo Solís attending the Ibero-American Summit in Veracruz City, Mexico; 2014.

Presidential visits from Costa Rica to Mexico[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Presidential visits from Mexico to Costa Rica[15][16][17][18][19]

Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Telegraph Exchanges (1931); Agreement on Touristic Cooperation (1980); Agreement of Cooperation to Combat Drug Trafficking and Drug Dependency (1989); Agreement on Air Transportation (1991); Agreement on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (1995); Treaty on the Execution of Criminal Judgments (1999); Treaty for the Recovery and Return of Stolen Vehicles and Aircraft or Matter of Illicit Disposition (2000); Agreement on Strategic Association (2009); Agreement on the Exchange of Information in Tax Matters (2011); Extradition Treaty (2011); Treaty of International Criminal Law Assistance (2012); Agreement on Development Cooperation (2013) and an Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Income Tax (2014).[20]

Transportation

There are direct flights between both nations with Aeroméxico, VivaAerobús and Volaris Costa Rica.

Trade relations

In 1995, Costa Rica and Mexico signed a free trade agreement. In 2018, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$1.3 billion.[21] Costa Rica's main exports to Mexico include: software, computer processors and palm oil. Mexico's main exports to Costa Rica include: televisions, vehicles and avocados.[21] In 2013, Mexican investments to Costa Rica amounted to US$1.5 billion. At the same time, Costa Rican investments in Mexico amounted to US$173 million.[21] Mexico is Costa Rica's third largest trading partner globally.[2] Several Mexican multinational companies such as América Móvil, Cemex, Grupo Bimbo and Gruma (among others) operate in Costa Rica.

Resident diplomatic missions

  • Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City
    Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City
  • Embassy of Mexico in San José
    Embassy of Mexico in San José

See also

References

  1. ^ History and Culture of Costa Rica
  2. ^ a b c Bilateral relations between Mexico and Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  3. ^ El Pacto de la Embajada de México (in Spanish)
  4. ^ 30 años de Contadora; grupo pacificador que lideró México
  5. ^ Central American Security Commission Esquipulas Peace Agreement, August 6-7, 1987
  6. ^ México-Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  7. ^ President José Trejos Fernández visits Mexico: 1967 (in Spanish)
  8. ^ José Figueres Ferrer: 1906-1990 (in Spanish)
  9. ^ President Rodrigo Carazo Odio in Cancun (in Spanish)
  10. ^ "Visita oficial del Presidente de Costa Rica a México: 1987 (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
  11. ^ El Dr. Oscar Arias Sánchez visita México por segunda vez como Presidente de Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  12. ^ Visita de Estado del Presidente Miguel Ángel Rodríguez de la República de Costa Rica a México (in Spanish)
  13. ^ Visita de Estado del Presidente Abel Pacheco de la Espriella (in Spanish)
  14. ^ Presidenta de Costa Rica visita México (in Spanish)
  15. ^ Cámara de Diputados: Relaciones entre México y Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  16. ^ President Carlos Salins de Gortari travels to Costa Rica in June 1992 (in Spanish)
  17. ^ Visita de Estado del Presidente Ernesto Zedillo a la República de Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  18. ^ Viajes al exterior del Presidente Vicente Fox Quesada (in Spanish)
  19. ^ Viajes al exterior del President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (in Spanish)
  20. ^ Bilateral agreement between Mexico and Costa Rica (in Spanish)
  21. ^ a b c "Mexican Ministry of the Economy: Costa Rica (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2019-07-28. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  22. ^ "Embassy of Costa Rica in Mexico City (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  23. ^ Embassy of Mexico in San José (in Spanish)
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