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Devonport, Tasmania

Coordinates: 41°10′48″S 146°21′01″E / 41.18000°S 146.35028°E / -41.18000; 146.35028
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Devonport
limilinaturi (Northern Tasmanian)
Tasmania
Devonport and the Mersey River from the air
Devonport is located in Tasmania
Devonport
Devonport
Coordinates41°10′48″S 146°21′01″E / 41.18000°S 146.35028°E / -41.18000; 146.35028
Population26,150 (2021)[1]
Postcode(s)7310
Elevation9 m (30 ft)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT (UTC+11)
Location
LGA(s)City of Devonport
State electorate(s)Braddon
Federal division(s)Braddon
Mean max temp[2] Mean min temp[2] Annual rainfall[2]
17.0 °C
63 °F		 8.3 °C
47 °F		 773.0 mm
30.4 in

Devonport (/ˈdɛvənpɔːrt/ DEV-ən-port;[3] pirinilaplu/palawa kani: limilinaturi)[4] is a port city situated at the mouth of the Mersey River on the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. Positioned 47 kilometres (29 mi) east of Burnie and 98 kilometres (61 mi) north of Launceston, its harbour manages over half of Tasmania's imports and exports, standing as the busiest freight port on the island.[5] Devonport also plays a pivotal role in Tasmania's trade sector, supporting industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The City of Devonport's gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated at $3.5b in 2023.[6][5]

Designated a city by Prince Charles of Wales on 21 April 1981,[7] Devonport stands as Tasmania's third-largest city, with an urban population of 26,150 at the 2021 Australian census.[1]

The city is home to the Spirit of Tasmania's passenger terminal, facilitating roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferry operations connecting mainland Australia and Tasmania since July 1985. In the 2022-23 fiscal year, the Port of Devonport welcomed over 450,000 passengers.[8] The forthcoming completion of the $240m Quaylink project is poised to accommodate an additional 160,000 passengers annually.[5]

Devonport holds a significant place in Australian political history as the home town of both Joseph Lyons, the tenth Prime Minister of Australia, and his wife, Dame Enid Lyons. Dame Enid made history as the first woman elected to the House of Representatives and the first woman to serve in the federal cabinet. Enid resided at the family residence, Home Hill until her passing in 1981. Recognised for its historical importance, Home Hill is now a tourist attraction and registered on the National Trust.[9]

History

The history of Devonport is rooted in its indigenous heritage and shaped by European settlement, economic developments, transportation infrastructure, and tragic events.

Early inhabitants

See also: Bass Strait § By Aboriginal peoples

The pirinilaplu, also known as the Punnilerpanner peoples of the northern nations, were the original inhabitants of the area that would later become Devonport.

European settlement before 1850

The first European settlement in the Devonport region, predating 1850, was established on a block of land at Frogmore, near present-day Latrobe. It was a modest beginning that set the stage for future developments.[10]

Arrival of settlers and economic growth (1850-1870s)

In 1850, the arrival of a settler named Oldaker marked the establishment of present-day Devonport. Saw milling and coal mining gained momentum with the arrival of English settlers aboard the sailing ship 'Balmoral' in 1854.[11] During the 1850s, twin settlements, Formby and Torquay, emerged on opposite banks at the mouth of the Mersey River.[12] Torquay, the larger of the two, thrived with various amenities, including police, post offices, magistrate services, hotels, shipyards, and stores. A river ferry service connected Formby and Torquay.

Between 1870 and 1880, the shipping industry experienced growth, leading to efforts to deepen the mouth of the river.[10] This development facilitated the commencement of regular steamer services between the Mersey and Melbourne.

Key developments (1880s-1900s)

In 1882, the construction of the Marine Board building, which still stands today, became a notable landmark. The completion of the Bluff lighthouse in 1889 enhanced maritime safety in the region. The turn of the century witnessed significant changes, especially with the railway's impact on the Formby community. The railway combined a railhead and port facilities, leading to a building boom in Formby.

In 1890, a public vote united Torquay and Formby, officially forming the town of Devonport. The opening of the Victoria bridge in 1902 provided a crucial land transport link between Devonport and East Devonport, fostering further connectivity.

During this period, the Melrose-Eugenana region's limestone deposits played a vital role in supporting industrial activities. Limestone quarries supplied smelters of BHP, and in 1916, the government rebuilt the old Don Railway to transport limestone from Melrose to the Devonport wharves, further facilitating industrial growth.

In 1924, the Victoria Bridge faced a setback when it collapsed due to continuous boring by Teredo worms. Despite this, there were no casualties, and the bridge underwent partial reconstruction and strengthening, showcasing the resilience of the community in the face of challenges.

Emergence of the Goliath-Portland Cement Company (1926)

The industrial landscape of the region expanded significantly in 1926 with the establishment of one of the largest industrial complexes in the North West, the Goliath-Portland Cement Company, located at Railton. This development marked a milestone in the economic growth of Devonport and the surrounding areas.

Advancements in transportation and infrastructure (1930s-1950s)

The 1930s brought notable advancements in transportation with the introduction of the motor car. Street sealing projects progressed, main roads were improved, and goods could move more efficiently. The 1950s witnessed prosperity and expansion as Devonport attracted many secondary industries, leading to the growth of transport and service sectors, businesses, and a steadily increasing population.

In 1952, the opening of the aerodrome at Pardoe marked a new era in air travel, with regular airline services connecting Devonport and Melbourne.

Princess of Tasmania ferry service (1959)

The Princess of Tasmania was the world's largest ferry in 1959

The establishment of the roll-on/roll-off (RORO) terminal at East Devonport in 1959 further enhanced transportation capabilities, with the MS Princess of Tasmania ferry service commencing operations. The Princess of Tasmania service, popularised for its innovative 'sea road' concept, facilitated vehicle travel between Victoria and Tasmania, responding to the growing demand from tourists who sought independent car exploration.[13][14] Carrying 100 vehicles and over 300 people,[15] the Princess of Tasmania boasted the world's longest RORO service covering 230 nautical miles (430 km; 260 mi) and contributing significantly to Tasmania's appeal as a tourist destination. The ferry's roll-on, roll-off feature set a global standard in maritime transportation.

Residential Expansion and infrastructure upgrades (1950s-1970s)

The following two decades witnessed the town's residential area expanding west across the ridge into the Don Valley, north along the heights of Coles Beach, and south on both sides of the river. Devonport, during these years, emerged as one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Australia.

In 1973, a new concrete bridge replaced the old, battered Victoria Bridge, providing improved infrastructure with the Bass Highway passing directly through Devonport. The city's prosperity continued well into the 1990s, with the port remaining its lifeblood, sustained by the contributions of farming and manufacturing industries.

City proclamation and modern developments (1981-2014)

Devonport achieved city status on 21 April 1981, proclaimed by Prince Charles of Wales in a ceremony held on the Devonport Oval. In 2014, after 160 years of continuous service, the cross-river ferry service was discontinued following the retirement of the Torquay ferry. However, it later resumed operations.[16][17]

The town received national attention on December 16, 2021, when a jumping castle and two zorbs were lifted into the air by a gust of a wind at Hillcrest primary school, killing six children and injuring three.[18][19]

Demographics

The population of Devonport is 26,150, of which 1,971 (7.5%) are First Nations people.[20]

The median weekly household income is $1,167, compared to $1,746 nationally. 24.6% of households total weekly income is less than $650 week, while 10.4% of households weekly income exceeds $3,000. This compares to national rates of 16.5% and 24.3% respectively.

34.3% of households renting, and 8.1% of owned households with a mortgage experience housing stress, where rent or mortgage repayments payments exceed 30% of total income.

83.6% of residents were born in Australia. 2.9% were born in England, 0.8% in India and New Zealand and 0.6% in each Nepal, Philippines and Mainland China.[21]

89.9% of people spoke only English at home. 6.3% of households use a non-English language, including Mandarin (0.8%), Nepali (0.7%), Punjabi (0.4%) and Vietnamese and Tongan (0.3%).

In the 2021 census, 51.1% of people in Devonport professed no religion. 38.7% specified a Christian religious affiliation (including 12.4% as Anglicanism, 11.6% Catholic and 3.5% Uniting Church). Other religious affiliations include Hinduism (1.1%), Buddhism (0.9%), Islam (0.4%) and Sikhism (0.3%).[21]

Suburbs

Areas within Devonport as a suburb include Highfield
Areas within East Devonport as a suburb includes Pardoe Downs, Rannoch, Panorama Heights

The full list of Suburbs of the City of Devonport are: List of suburbs

Facilities and the arts

The Rooke Street Mall in the CBD of Devonport

The main Central business district (CBD) is on the west side of the Mersey River and includes a pedestrian mall, cinema, specialty stores, chain stores, hotels, local restaurants, and cafes. Stores in Devonport include Coles, Woolworths, Kmart, Harvey Norman, Bunnings Warehouse, The Reject Shop, Best & Less, Cotton On and Kathmandu. As part of nationwide restructuring,[22] Target closed its department store on Rooke Street on 27 March 2021, being the only closure of a Tasmanian Target store.[23][24]

Opening in November 2018, the Paranaple Arts Centre serves as a contemporary focal point for artistic expression and cultural engagement. It is home to the Devonport Regional Gallery, Town Hall Theatre and the Devonport Visitor Information Centre. The Paranaple hosts live performances encompassing a range of genres, including music concerts, theatre productions, dance performances, and other performing arts events.[25] The centre also includes gallery, studio and rehearsal spaces, a theatre, and multipurpose areas designed to host diverse arts-related activities.[26]

The Devonport Entertainment and Convention Centre (DECC) is a prominent venue in Devonport, Tasmania, designed to host various events, conventions, performances, and functions.

The Devonport Regional Gallery evolved from the inception of The Little Gallery, which was founded by Jean Thomas as a private enterprise in 1966. The Gallery presents an annual program of exhibitions, education and public programs including events and workshops. A broad range of selected local artisan works are displayed at the North West Regional Craft Centre and gift store in the CBD.

Tiagarra Aboriginal Culture Centre and Museum displays petroglyphs, designs in rock and exhibits that depict the traditional lifestyle of Tasmanian Aboriginal people.[27]

The Bass Strait Maritime Centre housed in the former Harbour Master's House has objects, models and photographs that tell the stories of Bass Strait and Devonport.

A volunteer-run vintage railway and museum, the Don River Railway, is situated at Don, a suburb of Devonport.

The former Devonport Maternity Hospital was recently demolished and the land repurposed into a gated community.[28]

The Mersey Community Hospital at Latrobe serves the Devonport community for their health needs.

Devonport's night club was known as "City Limits" in the 1980s, "The Warehouse" from 1991, and then re-branded as "House" in 2014.

Kokoda Barracks is an army barracks in Devonport.

Government

Annette Rockliff was elected mayor of the City of Devonport in 2018.[29] There are 9 aldermen that govern the Devonport City Council.[30]

Transport

Devonport offers a range of transportation options, including road networks, intercity bus services, public transport bus services operated by Kinetic, freight rail, passenger ferry, air travel, and alternative modes like cycling and walking pathways.

Devonport Airport

Devonport Airport, located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the city at Pardoe Downs, is a vital transportation hub, accessible within a 15-minute car ride. Serving as Tasmania's third-largest airline hub, it accommodates Qantas and Rex Airlines, offering six daily passenger flights.[5] QantasLink operates four Bombardier Dash 8 turboprop services to Melbourne.

Encompassing 308 hectares (760 acres), the airport features a main runway measuring 1,838 by 45 metres (6,030 ft × 148 ft) and a secondary grassed runway spanning 880 by 30 metres (2,887 ft × 98 ft). Its infrastructure includes comprehensive taxiways, passenger terminals and general aviation, and maintenance hangars.[31] Recent upgrades in 2020 enhanced the terminal with a new departure lounge, upgraded security, and a dedicated freight apron.[32]

The airport offers refueling services, car parking, rental cars, and taxi facilities. It is connected to Devonport by various bus services, such as Merseylink, Redline Coaches, and Phoenix Coaches, although services on weekends and public holidays are limited.

Freight transport

From Devonport three shipping operators – Toll Domestic Forwarding, SeaRoad Shipping and TT-Line provide overnight RORO freight service across Bass Strait to Victoria.

SeaRoad Shipping manages vital RORO freight services, initially with MV SeaRoad Mersey I and MV SeaRoad Tamar, later replaced by MV SeaRoad Mersey II (since 2016) and MV SeaRoad Liekut. The King Island service was discontinued due to vessel size limitations after the sale of MV SeaRoad Mersey I.[33]

Cement Australia has been exporting cement from Railton to Melbourne since 1926. Additional exports by ship include tallow, while coal was an export until the closure of the Fingal Valley coal mine.[34] Imports to Devonport include petroleum, bunker fuel, fertiliser and caustic soda.

Due for completion in 2027, the $240 million Quaylink project, a TasPorts investment of new berths and terminal facilities, is expected to further boost the port's freight operations by 40%.[35][36][37]

Rail

The heritage Don River Railway

Tasrail maintains a freight rail line that connects the port area to Burnie and Railton. Previously, Devonport had a railway roundhouse and maintenance rail yards along the Mersey River's foreshore. Today, this space has been transformed into parkland, offering a recreational area for locals and visitors.

Situated in Don, the Don River Railway is a volunteer-run heritage railway and museum providing an opportunity for visitors to enjoy a passenger train ride from Don to Coles Beach. The railway journey traces a reconstructed section of the former Melrose line, historically connecting Don Junction to Paloona.

Passenger Ferry

Downtown Devonport with Spirit I

Devonport serves as the departure point for the Spirit of Tasmania ferries — MS Spirit of Tasmania I and MS Spirit of Tasmania II — that travel from Devonport to Geelong, Victoria, taking approximately 11 hours for the voyage. These RORO ferries are crucial for transporting passengers, vehicles, and freight between Tasmania and the Australian mainland, providing an essential link across the Bass Strait.[38][39] A former local ferry service connecting east and west of Devonport named The Spirit of Devonport ceased operations on the Mersey River after more than 160 years in 2022.[40]

Devonport Passenger Ferry History

Vessel Destination Years Shipping Company
SS Oonah Melbourne 1921–1935 Tasmanian Steamers
SS Loongana Melbourne 1921–1935 Tasmanian Steamers
SS Nairana Melbourne 1921–1948 Tasmanian Steamers
SS Taroona Melbourne 1935–1959 Tasmanian Steamers
MS Princess of Tasmania Melbourne 1959–1972 Australian National Line
MS Empress of Australia Melbourne 1972–1986 Australian National Line
MS Abel Tasman Melbourne 1986–1993 TT-Line Company
Spirit of Tasmania Melbourne 1993–2002 TT-Line Company
MS Spirit of Tasmania I Melbourne 2002–2022 TT-Line Company
MS Spirit of Tasmania II Melbourne 2002–2022 TT-Line Company
MS Spirit of Tasmania III Sydney 2003–2006 TT-Line Company
MS Spirit of Tasmania I Geelong 2022– TT-Line Company
MS Spirit of Tasmania II Geelong 2022– TT-Line Company

Agriculture

The Devonport area has rich red soils that are ideal for producing vegetable crops (beans, onions, peas, potatoes etc.) and very significant values of cereals, oil poppies, pyrethrum and other crops.

Education

Primary schools

  • Hillcrest Primary School
  • Devonport Primary School
  • Miandetta Primary School
  • East Devonport Primary School
  • Nixon Street Primary School
  • Spreyton Primary School
  • Devonport Christian School
  • Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Primary School

Secondary schools (Years 7-12)

Senior secondary education (Years 11–12)

A TasTAFE campus, an adult training institution, is situated in Valley Road.

Geography

Climate

Devonport has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) bordering on a mild-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Most days from January to March are mild, averaging 19 to 24 °C (66 to 75 °F) with frequent sunshine, although cold fronts are a regular visitor even at the height of summer and some days may not exceed 15 °C (59 °F). The warmest and driest days can occasionally reach up to 28 °C (82 °F). Unlike the east coast of Tasmania, moist northwesterly winds prevent heatwaves and temperatures rarely if ever reach above 30 °C (86 °F).

Winters are cool and cloudy with frequent light rain; July and August are the wettest months of the year. Due to ample cloud cover and marine influence, winter temperatures rarely drop below 0 °C (32 °F) or rise above 15 °C (59 °F). September to December usually features cool to mild, windy weather with frequent showers, and occasional warm, sunny breaks.

Despite being nearly two degrees of latitude northward, Devonport is a cooler climate than Hobart due to being windward of the ranges.

Climate data for Devonport Airport (means and rainfall 1991–2020, extremes 1991–2022)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.2
(91.8) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.0
(84.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		17.2
(63.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		30.9
(87.6) 		33.2
(91.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.6
(70.9) 		21.8
(71.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		17.8
(64.0) 		15.4
(59.7) 		13.5
(56.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		19.8
(67.6) 		17.0
(62.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.4
(54.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		8.8
(47.8) 		6.8
(44.2) 		5.1
(41.2) 		4.7
(40.5) 		4.9
(40.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.3
(34.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−2.2
(28.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 48.0
(1.89) 		35.3
(1.39) 		42.8
(1.69) 		56.8
(2.24) 		64.4
(2.54) 		71.8
(2.83) 		86.3
(3.40) 		81.5
(3.21) 		76.8
(3.02) 		55.2
(2.17) 		57.1
(2.25) 		47.4
(1.87) 		723.4
(28.48)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 7.1 6.9 7.8 9.7 12.4 13.0 15.6 16.0 15.1 12.0 10.9 8.8 135.3
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 61 61 59 62 66 68 69 68 66 63 65 61 64
Mean monthly sunshine hours 263.5 240.1 210.8 171.0 142.6 132.0 136.4 151.9 186.0 232.5 246.0 257.3 2,370.1
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology[2]
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology (1981–1996 sunshine hours)[41]

Sport

Australian rules football

The Devonport Football Club, Magpies, is an Australian rules football team competing in the North West Football League with their home base being the Devonport Oval. 2021 & 2022 NWFL Senior Back to Back Premiers.

The East Devonport Football Club an Australian Rules Football Club, the Swans play in the North West Football League alongside teams like Ulverstone and Penguin, to name but two.

Netball

Devon Netball is located just outside Devonport in Spreyton, and is the main centre for netball within the Devonport area. The club participates within state wide netball events and tournaments, with some of their best players playing within the State League roster.

Rugby union

The Devonport Rugby Club[42] is a Rugby Union team competing in the Tasmanian Rugby Union Statewide League.

Soccer

Devonport City Football Club an Association Football club that competes in the statewide National Premier Leagues Tasmania, as well as fielding a reserve team in the Northern Championship.

Touch football

The Devonport Touch Football Association is located at Meercroft Park and play touch football

Athletics, cycling and woodchopping

The Devonport Athletic Club,[43] a professional athletic club, hosts a leg of the Tasmanian Cycling Christmas Carnival Series[44] each year in December attended by local and international cyclists, other sports at the carnivals include athletics and woodchopping.

The Devon Amateur Athletics Club compete at the Dial Ranges Sports Centre at Penguin, Tasmania.

The Mersey Valley Devonport Cycling Club host track cycling, the Mersey Valley Tour, Devon 80 Road Race and the Ulverstone Criterium.

Cricket

Devonport Cricket Club is a cricket team which represents Devonport in the North Western Tasmanian Cricket Association grade cricket competition.

Hockey

Devonport Hockey teams compete in the North and North West Hockey roster of Hockey Tasmania.

Basketball

Devonport Warriors are a Devonport-based basketball team that compete in the North West Basketball Union.

Golf

The Devonport Golf Club is located at Woodrising Avenue, Tasmania and has been home to the Tasmanian Open and Tasmanian Seniors Open.

Power boats

Power Boat racing has been a feature at the Devonport Annual Regatta held each March long weekend. The Regatta commenced in 1958.

Racing

The Devonport Harness Racing Club conduct harness racing events at the Devonport Showgrounds. Inside the harness track is a greyhound racing track used on a weekly basis on Tuesday afternoons by the North West Greyhound Racing Club.[45]

The Devonport Cup a horse race is held annually in January at the Spreyton racecourse. There is a gazetted local holiday for the event.

Swimming and aquatic sports

The Splash Devonport Aquatic and Leisure Centre has a world class gym and indoor swimming pool and is based within the Don Reserve.

Tennis

The Devonport Tennis Club and East Devonport Tennis Club compete in the Tennis North West Association rosters.

Triathlon

The Devonport triathlon held annually in February is the continental championship for Oceania.

Notable sportspeople

VFL/AFL players

Notable players that went on the play in the VFL/AFL:

Notable people

Sister cities

The city of Devonport has a formal sister city agreement with Minamata City in Japan. This was ratified in 1996. Both cities share a similar setting and area.

See also

References

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  3. ^ Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 351. ISBN 978-1-138-12566-7.
  4. ^ pulingina to lutruwita (Tasmania) Place Names Map
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  45. ^ "The North West Greyhound Racing Club". Go Racing Tasmania. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  46. ^ "Devonport prepares to welcome Sister City delegation from Minamata". 12 March 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
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