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Emil Bitsch

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Emil Bitsch
Nickname(s)Birth
Born(1916-06-14)14 June 1916
Baden, Grand Duchy of Baden, German Empire
Died15 March 1944(1944-03-15) (aged 27)
near Schijndel, German-occupied Netherlands
Buried
Ysselsteyn German war cemetery, Netherlands
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branchTemplate:Luftwaffe
Years of service1941–44
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 3
Commands8./JG 3
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Emil Bitsch (14 June 1916 – 15 March 1944) was a Luftwaffe flying ace of World War II. He was one of the most successful pilots on the Eastern Front; being credited with 108 aerial victories. He claimed 104 over the Eastern Front and four four-engine bombers over the Western Front.[1] He may have been the pilot that shot down Soviet female ace Yekaterina Budanova. Bitsch was killed in action against United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) fighters on 15 March 1944.

World War II

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In July 1941, Bitsch served with III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3–3rd Fighter Wing), based on the Eastern Front and under the command of Walter Oesau.[Note 1] The Wehrmacht had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June 1941. III. Gruppe supported Army Group South in its strategic goal towards the heavily populated and agricultural heartland of Ukraine, taking Kiev before continuing eastward over the steppes of southern USSR to the Volga with the aim of controlling the oil-rich Caucasus.[2]

Operating from an airfield at Lutsk, Bitsch claimed his first victory on 2 July over an Ilyushin Il-2.[3] He had a total of five victories by the end of the year. He claimed two Russian Yak-4 twin-engine fighters which were shot down on 24 June 1942 to claim his 9th and 10th victories. In July, he claimed 15 victories, including his 20th 'kill' which he shot down on 13 July. Bitsch recorded 18 victories in August, including his 30th victim shot down on 16 August; his score had risen to 40 on 28 August.[4]

On 4 September 1942, Oberleutnant Bitsch was shot down by anti aircraft artillery northwest of Stalingrad. He bailed out of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 13325—factory number) and landed safely but suffered light injuries in the incident.[5] He later returned to combat duty and continued flying. Bitsch recorded his 50th victory on 19 March 1943 three km South of Stary. On 1 June 1943, Bitsch succeeded Oberleunant Franz Beyer who was transferred to IV. Gruppe as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8./JG 3.[6] In July, Oberleutnant Bitsch claimed 29 aerial victories. On 5 July, he became an "ace-in-a-day".[7] On 19 July he shot a Yakovlev Yak-1 down on the Mius front, possibly flown by Soviet female ace Yekaterina Budanova.[8] He recorded his 100th victory on 21 July 1943 over a Lavochkin La-5.[9][10] He was the 46th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[11] III. Gruppe flew its last combat missions on the Eastern Front on 1 August 1943. The next day, the Gruppe was ordered to Tschassof-Jar and then back to Germany where it was based at Münster-Handorf Airfield.[12]

Defense of the Reich and death

Combat box of a 12-plane B-17 squadron. Three such boxes completed a 36-plane group box.
  1. Lead Element
  2. High Element
  3. Low Element
  4. Low Low Element

III. Gruppe arrived in Münster-Handorf on 3 August where it was placed under the command of Major Walther Dahl.[13] Dahl had been appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) on 20 July 1943.[6] The Gruppe immediately began preparations for Defense of the Reich (Reichsverteidigung) missions and was subordinated to Fighter Leader for the Holland area (Jafü Holland).[13] Bitsch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 29 August after 104 victories claimed on the Eastern Front.[14] On 25 August, III. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Bad Wörishofen in southern Germany.[15] On 1 October, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) attacked German aircraft production, approaching from the south, targeting the Wiener Neustadt Flugzeugwerke (WNF) in Wiener Neustadt and other targets at Friedrichshafen. At 12:30, III. Gruppe was scrambled. Approximately one hour later, the Gruppe intercepted the flight of 50 to 60 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers and 25 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers. In aerial combat which in parts was fought in Swiss airspace, III. Gruppe, without loss, claimed four aerial victories and three Herausschüsse (separation shots–a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box and which the Luftwaffe counted as an aerial victory).[16] In this engagement, Bitsch claimed the destruction of a B-17 which was shot down at 13:44.[17]

On 14 October, the USAAF Eighth Air Force (USAAF) launched the second Schweinfurt raid, attacking the vital ball bearing factories at Schweinfurt. In total, 291 B-17s from the 1st and 3rd Air Division, escorted by two fighter groups, were sent on the mission. The USAAF suffered heavy losses that day. III. Gruppe claimed eighteen aerial victories and Herausschüsse that day.[18] A B-17 destroyed at 14:45 was credited to Bitsch.[17] On 19 December, the Fifteenth Air Force targeted the railroad transportation infrastructure at Insbruck as well as Messerschmitt aircraft manufacturing sites at Augsburg. III. Gruppe intercepted the bombers near Inbruck and claimed eight aerial victories, among them, a B-17 shot down by Bitsch.[19]

Because the weather conditions at Bad Wörishofen rendered the airfield unserviceable, III. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Leipheim on 18 February 1944.[20] Bitsch claimed his 108th and last aerial victory on 23 February during the USAAF "Big Week" operation.[21] On 15 March 1944, 344 heavy bombers of 2nd and 3rd Air Division, escorted by 588 fighter aircraft, attacked German aircraft manufacturing at Braunschweig. At 10:57, 20 aircraft from III. Gruppe took off at Leipheim and were initially ordered to Wiesbaden-Erbenheim. While the flight was still airborne, the Gruppe received further instructions and were vectored to intercept the USAAF bombers on their return from the target area. In the vicinity of Volkel in North Brabant, Netherlands, III. Gruppe came under attack of approximately 20 to 30 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters. In this engagement, III. Gruppe lost six Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6 fighters for one aerial victory claimed.[22] That day, Bitsch was shot down and killed in action by a P-47 of the 352d Fighter Group in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 161139) 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) west of Schijndel.[23][14]

Post-war

German War Cemetery Ysselsteyn – Emil Bitsch

Bitsch is buried at the German war cemetery at Ysselsteyn (in the Netherlands). The crash site was rediscovered in 1994 by Thijs Hellings, a researcher of the World War II airwar from Schijndel. With help from the landowner, remains of the plane were recovered including the radio, armored glass, the compass and many other small items.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 106 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 105 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and one four-engined bomber on the Western Front.[24]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 7546". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[25]

Awards

Notes

  1. ^ On 1 December 1941, JG 3 was given the honorary name "Udet" following the suicide of World War I fighter pilot and Luftwaffe Generalleutnant Ernst Udet.
  2. ^ This claim is listed by Matthews and Foreman as Bitsch's 50th aerial victory.[30] It is also listed by Prien and Stemmer in their 1996 history of III. Gruppe of JG 3 "Udet" as his 50th claim.[42] However, this claim is not listed in the 2008 edition of "The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/II—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1943" by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[41]
  3. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as a Yakovlev Yak-4.[30]
  4. ^ This claim is listed by Matthews and Foreman as Bitsch's 56th aerial victory.[30] However, this claim is not listed in the 2008 edition of "The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/II—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1943" by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[45]
  5. ^ a b c d e This claim is not listed by Matthews and Foreman.[52]
  6. ^ According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 07:47.[46]
  7. ^ This claim is also not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[53]
  8. ^ This claim is also not listed by Prien and Stemmer.[17]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Spick 1996, p. 232.
  2. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 105.
  3. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 111, 478.
  4. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 89.
  5. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 452.
  6. ^ a b Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 442.
  7. ^ Weal 2007, p. 68.
  8. ^ Robison 2016, p. 118.
  9. ^ Weal 2013, p. 50.
  10. ^ Weal 2007, p. 69.
  11. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  12. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 214.
  13. ^ a b Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 265.
  14. ^ a b c Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 107.
  15. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 271.
  16. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 274–275.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 501.
  18. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 276–277.
  19. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 279, 501.
  20. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 282.
  21. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 284, 502.
  22. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 292.
  23. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 292, 459.
  24. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 107–109.
  25. ^ Planquadrat.
  26. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 140.
  27. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 148.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 147.
  29. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 149.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 108.
  31. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 33.
  32. ^ a b Prien et al. 2005, p. 35.
  33. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 215.
  34. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 217.
  35. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2006, p. 219.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 216.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2006, p. 220.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 222.
  39. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 221.
  40. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 223.
  41. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 127.
  42. ^ a b Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 496.
  43. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 216.
  44. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2012, p. 128.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Prien et al. 2012, p. 129.
  46. ^ a b c Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 109.
  47. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 132.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Prien et al. 2012, p. 133.
  49. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 130.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 131.
  51. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 134.
  52. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, pp. 501–502.
  53. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2008, p. 329.
  54. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 502.
  55. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 52.
  56. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 44.
  57. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 223.
  58. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 134.

Bibliography

  • Bergström, Christer. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 – The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Matthews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims – Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Milanetti, Gian Piero (2013). Soviet Airwomen of the Great Patriotic War - A pictorial history. Rome, Italy: Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone. ISBN 978-88-7565-146-6.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (1996). Messerschmitt BF 109 im Einsatz bei der III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945 [Messerschmidt Bf 109 in Action with the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-33-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2008). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 10/II—Reichsverteidigung—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/II—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-85-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Robison, Robert (2016). Piloti Dimenticati [Forgotten Pilots]. ISBN 978-88-9332-637-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weal, John (2007). More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-177-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Weal, John (2013). Aces of Jagdgeschwader 3 'Udet'. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-300-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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