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Fjell

Coordinates: 60°20′50″N 05°02′49″E / 60.34722°N 5.04694°E / 60.34722; 5.04694
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For other uses, see Fjell (disambiguation).
Fjell Municipality
Fjell kommune
Former municipality
View of the village of Misje
View of the village of Misje
Flag of Fjell Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Fjell Municipality
Coat of arms
Hordaland within Norway
Hordaland within Norway
Fjell within Hordaland
Fjell within Hordaland
Coordinates: 60°20′50″N 05°02′49″E / 60.34722°N 5.04694°E / 60.34722; 5.04694
CountryNorway
CountyHordaland
DistrictMidhordland
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Disestablished1 Jan 2020
 • Succeeded byØygarden in 2020
Administrative centreStraume
Government
 • Mayor (2015-2019)Marianne S. Bjorøy (Ap)
Area
 (upon dissolution)
 • Total148.17 km2 (57.21 sq mi)
 • Land141.20 km2 (54.52 sq mi)
 • Water6.97 km2 (2.69 sq mi)  4.7%
 • Rank#355 in Norway
Population
 (2019)
 • Total25,204
 • Rank#43 in Norway
 • Density178.5/km2 (462/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +21.2%
Demonym(s)Fjellsoknar
Fjellsokning[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-1246[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Fjell is a former municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Midhordland. The municipality consisted of several islands west of the city of Bergen, the major ones being Litlesotra, the northern part of Store Sotra, Bildøy, Bjorøy, Misje, and Turøy. The administrative centre of Fjell is the village of Straume. Some of the villages in Fjell included Ågotnes, Fjell, Foldnes, Knappskog, Knarrevik, Kolltveit, Landro, and Sekkingstad.

Due to the opening the Sotra Bridge to the mainland in 1971 and its proximity to the city of Bergen, the population has grown from less than 7,000 to over 25,000 as of 2017. The result is major traffic jams over the bridge every day. The highway that leads to Bergen has reduced the traveling time to only fifteen minutes from the municipal centre at Straume on Litlesotra to the center of Bergen.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 148-square-kilometre (57 sq mi) municipality is the 355th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Fjell was the 43rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 25,204. The municipality's population density is 178.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (462/sq mi) and its population has increased by 21.2% over the last decade.[4]

General information

Aerial view of the island of Litlesotra
View of the rugged mountainous landscape of Fjell

The parish of Fjæld was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the islands of Misje and Turøyna (population: 404) were transferred from the municipality of Herdla to the municipality of Fjell.[5]

On 1 January 2020, the three neighbouring municipalities of Fjell, Sund, and Øygarden were merged into one large island municipality called Øygarden.[6]

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Fjell farm (Old Norse: Fjall), where the first Fjell Church was built. The name is identical with the modern Norwegian word fjell which means "mountain". The oldest form of the name was Undir Fjalli which means "under/below the mountain". Before 1918, the name was written Fjæld or Fjeld.[7]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 27 April 1957. The arms are black and gray with a blue background. They show the geography in the municipality, specifically the sea (shown with grey wavy lines) and the steep mountains (shown with three black triangular shapes). The grey seagull shown above the mountains is common in the area.[8]

Churches

The Church of Norway had one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Fjell. It is part of the Vesthordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Fjell
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Fjell Fjell Church Fjell 1874
Foldnes Church Foldnes 2001
Landro Church Landro 1977

Geography

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19515,172—    
19605,453+5.4%
19706,798+24.7%
198010,177+49.7%
199014,735+44.8%
200018,178+23.4%
201021,909+20.5%
201725,204+15.0%
Source: Statistics Norway.

Fjell was an island municipality located entirely on islands off the coast of the mainland Bergen Peninsula. It covered many islands in a large archipelago that stretched from Sund in the south to Fedje in the north. The largest island in Fjell was Sotra, although only the northern half of the island is part of Fjell. The second-largest island was Litlesotra, where the largest village area in Fjell is located (the village of Straume). The small island of Bildøyna is located between those two islands. The small island of Geitung lies north of Bildøyna and the small island of Bjorøy lies to the south. Bjorøy is not connected to Fjell by road, but there is the undersea Bjorøy Tunnel that connects it to the city of Bergen. On the western side of Sotra, the smaller islands of Algrøyna, Lokøyna, and Syltøyna are located. On the north end of Sotra lies the small islands of Misje and Turøyna.[9]

History

Fjell was the location of Fjell Fortress, a World War II German mountaintop fortification designed to command all water approaches to the port of Bergen.[9]

Government

All municipalities in Norway, including Fjell, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor.[10] The municipality falls under the Bergen District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Fjell was made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Fjell kommunestyre 2016–2019 [11]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 4
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet Dei Grøne) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Sotra List (Sotralista)4
Total number of members:35
Fjell kommunestyre 2012–2015 [12]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 13
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Sotra List (Sotralista)6
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 2008–2011 [11]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Sotra List (Sotralista)6
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 2004–2007 [11]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 13
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
 Sotra List (Sotralista)8
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 2000–2003 [11]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
 Sotra List (Sotralista)10
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 1996–1999 [13]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Sotra List (Sotralista)9
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 1992–1995 [14]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 9
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
 Sotra list (Sotralista)4
 Moderate youth list (Moderat ungdomslist)1
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 1988–1991 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 14
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 9
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:45
Fjell kommunestyre 1984–1987 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Fjell kommunestyre 1980–1983 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 11
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 9
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:35
Fjell kommunestyre 1976–1979 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 10
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
 Cross-party common list (Tverrpolitisk Samlingsliste)3
 Election list for North Fjell (Valliste for Nordre Fjell)1
Total number of members:35
Fjell kommunestyre 1972–1975 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 5
Total number of members:27
Fjell kommunestyre 1968–1971 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 4
Total number of members:27
Fjell kommunestyre 1964–1967 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 9
Total number of members:27
Fjell heradsstyre 1960–1963 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 9
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:25
Fjell heradsstyre 1956–1959 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 11
Total number of members:25
Fjell heradsstyre 1952–1955 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:24
Fjell heradsstyre 1948–1951 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 3
Total number of members:24
Fjell heradsstyre 1945–1947 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:24
Fjell heradsstyre 1938–1941* [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 8
Total number of members:24
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (2023-01-26). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (2017). "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  5. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå.
  6. ^ "Vår nye kommune" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  7. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1910). Norske gaardnavne: Søndre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (11 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 268.
  8. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  9. ^ a b Store norske leksikon. "Fjell – kommune" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2014-12-09.
  10. ^ Hansen, Tore, ed. (2016-05-12). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
  11. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  12. ^ "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Hordaland". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  18. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  19. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  20. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  21. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  22. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
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