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Polytechnic Institute of Paris

Coordinates: 48°42′42″N 2°10′17″E / 48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E / 48.7117343; 2.1712888
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Polytechnic Institute of Paris
Institut polytechnique de Paris


TypePublic
Establishedc. 1794 École polytechnique
2019 Scission of the Paris-Saclay University
ChancellorChristophe Kerrero
PresidentÉric Labaye
Students8,500
Postgraduates1,500
950
Location
Palaiseau
,
Île-de-France
,
France

48°42′42″N 2°10′17″E / 48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E / 48.7117343; 2.1712888
CampusParis-Saclay
Websiteip-paris.fr/en

The Polytechnic Institute of Paris (Template:Lang-fr) is a research university system consisting of five engineering schools located in Paris-Saclay, in France.

With the Paris-Saclay University, the Polytechnique Institute of Paris is part of the Paris-Saclay project, which is a research-intensive academic campus and business cluster being developed on the Plateau de Saclay near Paris, and is expected to become the main center for training and research within the technology cluster of Paris-Saclay.[1][2] The University integrates several leading grandes écoles and research centers that are part of the world's top research organizations in various fields.[3][4]

The technological university was formed around the École polytechnique which is one of the most respected and selective elite universities in France, known as grandes écoles. Among its alumni are three Nobel prize winners,[5] one Fields Medalist,[6] three Presidents of France[7] and many CEOs of French and international companies. It was ranked 61st internationally by the QS World University Rankings 2021, 93rd by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020, and 2nd by the Times Higher Education Small University Rankings.[8][9][10]

History

After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the École Normale Supérieure and the Collège de France looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay. In 1976, the École polytechnique moved from central Paris to Palaiseau in the southern suburbs.

Now it hosts a great number of laboratories on its large (236 ha) campus in Paris-Saclay. Many of the top French laboratories are among them especially in particle physics,[11] nuclear physics,[12][13] astrophysics,[14] atomic physics and molecular physics,[15] condensed matter physics,[16] theoretical physics,[17] electronics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.[18]

Paris-Saclay University was established in 2015 as a universities community (ComUE) and in 2019 as a university, with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university. In order to be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the top grandes écoles in France with public universities under a single campus on the Saclay plateau. Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted by University of Oxford and Cambridge, where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'.[2]

Confronted with disagreements between its members (schools versus universities, French Ministry of Defense versus Ministry of Higher Education), the University of Paris-Sud proposes in 2017 its transformation into the Paris-Saclay University, with the schools only being associated with the future institution.

On October 25, 2017, the project to create a new scientific and university pole in Paris-Saclay was announced by Emmanuel Macron during a speech at the Paris-Saclay University. The schools were then part of the Paris-Saclay University, and they separated from it.

This split followed strong dissensions within this ensemble between the universities and the engineering schools. Taking note of these blockages, the president decided that the schools would form their own scientific pole, initially named NewUni, separate from the Paris-Saclay University.

These two poles should cohabit side by side in Paris-Saclay.

HEC Paris also joined the project without becoming a member. Other higher education or research institutions for all their activities or within the scope of some of their schools or training organizations may become component institutions of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. Their application must be approved by the Board of Directors of the Institut polytechnique de Paris.

After the temporary name "NewUni", the name "Polytechnic Institute of Paris" will be chosen in February 2019. Paris-Saclay University and the Polytechnic Institute of Paris plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.[19]

Organisation and administration

The Polytechnic Institute of Paris comprises 5 grandes écoles / graduate schools: École Polytechnique, Télécom Paris, Telecom SudParis, ENSTA Paris and ENSAE Paris.

Name Foundation[20] Field Students Campus
École polytechnique 1794 Science and engineering 2,316 Paris-Saclay, Paris
ENSTA Paris 1741 Science and engineering 897 Paris-Saclay
ENSAE Paris 1945 Science and engineering 581 Paris-Saclay
Télécom Paris 1917 Science and engineering 440 Paris-Saclay
Télécom SudParis 1878 Science and engineering 1,360 Évry-Courcouronnes, Paris-Saclay

Research organizations

The following research organizations have established research centers within the Polytechnic Institute of Paris. The resources contributed by these organizations will remain largely independent from other member institutions.

  • CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission)
  • CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research)
  • Inria (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation)
  • INSERM (French Institute of Health and Medical Research)
  • Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies)
  • INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Sciences)
  • ONERA (National Board of Study and Aerospace Research)
  • SOLEIL (national synchrotron facility)

University rankings

University rankings
Ranking World Europe National
QS[21] 61 16 2
THE[22] 93 32 3
ARWU[23] 301-400 N/A 15

In international rankings, the École Polytechnique is ranked 61st worldwide by the QS World University Rankings 2021, and 93rd worldwide by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020. The Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as the Shanghai Rankings, places Polytechnique in 2019 at 301–400th worldwide, and 14–19 in France.[24] In 2020, the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking ranked the École Polytechnique at 342th in the world and 148th in Europe with its "Engineering Subjects" placed at 451th globally.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Université Paris-Sud / Zee Agency. "Paris-Sud University is part of Paris-Saclay's project – Université Paris-Sud". u-psud.fr.
  2. ^ a b "France plans elite top-10 mega-university". BBC.com. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  3. ^ Staley, Oliver (13 March 2014). "Nations Chasing Harvard Merge Colleges to Ascend Rankings". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  4. ^ Nic Mitchell "Big is beautiful for merging universities",BBC News,25 November 2015
  5. ^ Becquerel, Allais and Tirole.
  6. ^ Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (1994) ; Yoccoz was not a student at Polytechnique because he chose to be educated at École Normale Supérieure (1975-1979), but he completed his Ph.D. under Michael Herman in 1985 in the Centre de mathématiques Laurent Schwartz [fr] of École Polytechnique, a research centre which had been created by another Field medalist and a professor at Polytechnique : Laurent Schwartz.
  7. ^ Sadi Carnot (who was the nephew of Carnot the physicist and the grandson of Carnot the École founder), Lebrun and Giscard.
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2021". Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  10. ^ "THE World University Rankings 2020". Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  11. ^ Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire. Lal.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  12. ^ Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay. ipnwww.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2019-11-03.
  13. ^ https://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/en
  14. ^ Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. ias.u-psud.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-03
  15. ^ Laboratoire Aimé Cotton – UPR 3321. Lac.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  16. ^ Laboratory of Solid State Physics, http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/?lang=en
  17. ^ [Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d’Orsay]. Th.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  18. ^ Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies. c2n.universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-03
  19. ^ "Institut Polytechnique de Paris officially established". www.telecom-paris.fr. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  20. ^ Foundation of the oldest constituent part of the school
  21. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2021". QS official website. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  22. ^ "Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  23. ^ "Academic Rankings of World Universities". Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  24. ^ "Academic Rankings of World Universities". Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  25. ^ "Best Global Universities in the World: École Polytechnique". US News and World Report.
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