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==American Revolution==
[[File:General Anthony Wayne Statue.JPG|thumb|left|A statue of General "Mad" Anthony Wayne stands in Fort Wayne's Freimann Square.]]
At the onset of the war in 1775, Wayne raised a militia unit and, in 1776, became colonel of the [[4th Pennsylvania Regiment]]. He and his regiment were part of the [[Continental Army]]'s unsuccessful [[Invasion of Canada (1775)|invasion of Canada]] where he was sent to aid [[Benedict Arnold]], during which he commanded a successful rear-guard action at the [[Battle of Trois-Rivières]], and then led the distressed forces at [[Fort Ticonderoga]]. His service resulted in a promotion to brigadier general on February 21, 1777.

Later, he commanded the [[Pennsylvania Line]] at [[Battle of Brandywine|Brandywine]], [[Battle of Paoli|Paoli]], and [[Battle of Germantown|Germantown]]. After winter quarters at [[Valley Forge]], he led the American attack at the [[Battle of Monmouth]]. During this last battle, Wayne's forces were pinned down by a numerically superior British force. However, Wayne held out until relieved by reinforcements sent by Washington. This scenario would play out again years later, in the Southern campaign.

The highlight of Wayne's Revolutionary War service was probably his victory at [[Battle of Stony Point|Stony Point]]. In July 1779 Washington named Wayne to command the Corps of Light Infantry, a temporary unit of four regiments of light infantry companies from all the regiments in the Main Army. On July 16, 1779, in a bayonets-only night attack lasting thirty minutes, three columns of [[light infantry]], the main attack personally led by Wayne, stormed [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] fortifications at [[Stony Point, New York|Stony Point]], a cliffside [[redoubt]] commanding the southern [[Hudson River]]. The success of this operation provided a boost to the morale of an army which had at that time suffered a series of military defeats. Congress awarded him a medal for the victory. [[File:Anthony Wayne 1780.jpg|thumb|Letter from Anthony Wayne to Israel Shreve, 1780]]

On January 1, 1781, Wayne, then the commanding officer of the [[Pennsylvania Line]] of the Continental Army, was faced with [[Pennsylvania Line Mutiny|a mutiny]] over pay and conditions that was one of the most serious of the war. The mutiny was successfully resolved by dismissing about one half of the line, which Wayne then had to rebuild. This work was largely completed by May 1781, but it delayed his departure to [[Virginia]], where he had been sent to assist the [[Marquis de Lafayette]] against British forces operating there. The line's departure was delayed once more when the men again complained about being paid in the nearly-worthless Continental currency.

In Virginia, Wayne led Lafayette's advance forces in an action at [[Battle of Green Spring|Green Spring]], where he led a bayonet charge against the numerically superior British forces after stepping into a trap set by [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]]. This increased his popular reputation as a bold commander. After the British surrendered at [[Battle of Yorktown (1781)|Yorktown]], he went further south and severed the British alliance with [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes in [[Province of Georgia|Georgia]]. He then negotiated peace treaties with both the [[Creek (people)|Creek]] and the [[Cherokee]], for which Georgia rewarded him with the gift of a large rice plantation. He was promoted to [[Major general (United States)|major general]] on October 10, 1783.


==Political career==
==Political career==

Revision as of 18:30, 15 December 2011

For other uses, see Anthony Wayne (disambiguation).
Anthony Wayne
Nickname(s)Mad Anthony
Born(1745-01-01)January 1, 1745
Easttown Township, Pennsylvania
DiedDecember 15, 1796(1796-12-15) (aged 51)
Buried
Fort Presque Isle (now Erie, Pennsylvania)
Allegiance United States of America
Years of service1775-1783
1792-1796
Rank Colonel 1775-1777
Brigadier General 1777-1783
Major General 1783; 1792-1796
Battles/warsAmerican Revolutionary War
Battle of Trois-Rivières
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Paoli
Battle of Germantown
Battle of Monmouth
Battle of Stony Point
Battle of Green Spring

Northwest Indian War
Siege of Fort Recovery
Battle of Fallen Timbers

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 – December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman. Wayne adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general and the sobriquet of Mad Anthony.

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Political career

Statue of Wayne at Valley Forge

After the war, Wayne returned to Pennsylvania and served in the state legislature for a year in 1784. He then moved to Georgia and settled upon the tract of land granted him by that state for his military service. He was a delegate to the state convention which ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.

In 1791, he served a year in the Second United States Congress as a U.S. Representative of Georgia but lost his seat during a debate over his residency qualifications and declined to run for re-election in 1792.[1]

Major-General Anthony Wayne (Pastel by James Sharples, Sr ca. 1795)

President George Washington recalled Wayne from civilian life in order to lead an expedition in the Northwest Indian War, which up to that point had been a disaster for the United States. Many American Indians in the Northwest Territory had sided with the British in the Revolutionary War. In the Treaty of Paris that had ended the conflict, the British had ceded this land to the United States. The Indians, however, had not been consulted, and resisted annexation of the area by the United States. The Western Indian Confederacy achieved major victories over U.S. forces in 1790 and 1791 under the leadership of Blue Jacket of the Shawnees and Little Turtle of the Miamis. They were encouraged and supplied by the British, who had refused to evacuate British fortifications in the region as called for in the Treaty of Paris.

File:American Legion 1794.jpg
General Wayne with the Legion of the United States, 1794.

Washington placed Wayne in command of a newly-formed military force called the "Legion of the United States". Wayne established a basic training facility at Legionville to prepare professional soldiers for his force. Wayne's was the first attempt to provide basic training for regular U.S. Army recruits and Legionville was the first facility established expressly for this purpose.

He then dispatched a force to Ohio to establish Fort Recovery as a base of operations. On August 3, a tree fell on Wayne's tent. He survived, but was rendered unconscious. By the next day, he had recovered sufficiently to resume the march.[2] On August 20, 1794, Wayne mounted an assault on the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, in modern Maumee, Ohio (just south of present-day Toledo), which was a decisive victory for the U.S. forces, ending the war. Wayne then negotiated the Treaty of Greenville between the tribal confederacy and the United States, which was signed on August 3, 1795. The treaty gave most of what is now Ohio to the United States, and cleared the way for that state to enter the Union in 1803.

Wayne died of complications from gout on December 15, 1796 during a return trip to Pennsylvania from a military post in Detroit, and was buried at Fort Presque Isle (now Erie, Pennsylvania) where the modern Wayne Blockhouse stands. His body was disinterred in 1809 and, after boiling the body to remove the remaining flesh, as many of the bones as would fit in two saddlebags were relocated to the family plot in St. David's Episcopal Church cemetery in Radnor, Pennsylvania.[3] A legend says that many bones were lost along the roadway that encompasses much of modern U.S. Route 322, and that every January 1 (Wayne's birthday), his ghost wanders the highway searching for his lost bones.

Battle of Fallen Timbers, commemorative issue of 1928, 2c

Legacy

On September 14, 1929 the US Post office issued a stamp honoring General Wayne and which commemorated the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The post office issued a series of stamps often referred to as the 'Two Cent Reds' by collectors, issued to commemorate the 150th Anniversaries of the many events that occurred during the American Revolution and to honor people such as General Wayne and those others who were there during these times of struggle.

His home, Waynesborough near Paoli, Pennsylvania
His grave at St. David's.

Municipalities and institutions

There are many political jurisdictions and institutions named after Wayne, especially in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana, the region where he fought many of his battles.

Boroughs

Businesses, structures

Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge

Cities

Communities

Counties

Forests

Towns

Rivers

Schools

Streets and Highways

This flag, presented to Miami chief She-Moc-E-Nish at the Treaty of Greenville, is signed "A.Wayne commander in chief".[5] It is currently owned by the State of Indiana[6]

Townships

Villages

Popular culture

Wayne's legacy has extended to American popular culture in a number of ways.

In literature and publications

(alphabetized by author)

  • Wayne is mentioned in Donald Barthelme's novel, The King.
  • Contrary to the popular belief that Bruce Wayne (the real name of the superhero character Batman) was named after John Wayne, comic book writer Bill Finger named Batman's alter ego after Robert the Bruce and Anthony Wayne. In the DC Comics, Bruce Wayne is depicted as General Wayne's direct descendant. Furthermore, the property on which Wayne Manor is built was given to General Wayne for his service during the Revolution. Rumours that Bruce's middle name is "Anthony" have yet to be confirmed by DC Comics.
  • In F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night (1934), Dick Diver mentions his descent from Mad Anthony Wayne.
  • Anthony Wayne is one of the main characters in Ann Rinaldi's historical novel, A Ride into Morning.
  • In J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye (1951), Mr. Spencer, one of the teachers at (fictitious) Pencey Prep School, lives across the street from campus on Anthony Wayne Avenue.

In products

Onscreen

In sculpture

Wayne County Building pediment

In transportation

The Anthony Wayne side-wheel passenger and cargo steamship.
  • The Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne, a side-wheel steamboat, sank in April 1850 in Lake Erie while en route from the Toledo, Ohio area to Buffalo, New York. 38 out of 93 passengers and crew on board died. On June 21, 2007, it was announced that the wreck had been discovered by Thomas Kowalczk, an amateur shipwreck hunter.[7]
  • Major General Anthony Wayne, U.S. Army tugboat based at Southampton, UK

Other uses

Notes

  1. ^ United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results confirms the seat was declared vacant on March 21, 1792.
  2. ^ Carter, 133
  3. ^ Hugh T. Harrington and Lisa A. Ennis. "Mad" Anthony Wayne: His Body Did Not Rest in Peace. http://www.americanrevolution.org/wayne.html, citing History of Erie County, Pennsylvania, vol. 1. pp. 211-2. Warner, Beers & Co., Chicago. 1884.
  4. ^ "Chicago Streets" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  5. ^ Furlong, William Rea; McCandless, Byron (1981). So Proudly We Hail : The History of the United States Flag. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-87474-448-2.
  6. ^ Anthony Wayne Flag (Greenville Treaty Flag)
  7. ^ Lafferty, Mike (2007-06-21). "Lake Erie searchers locate 157-year-old shipwreck". Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  8. ^ Fort Wayne in the NBA Development League
  9. ^ Gonzalez, Tony (2009-04-01). "Epic Return". The News Virginian.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthony Wayne.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Anthony Wayne.
U.S. House of Representatives

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Military offices
Preceded by Senior Officer of the United States Army
1792–1796 		Succeeded by

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