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Biscay (Congress of Deputies constituency)

Coordinates: 43°15′N 2°59′W / 43.250°N 2.983°W / 43.250; -2.983
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For the Basque Parliament constituency, see Biscay (Basque Parliament constituency).
Biscay
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Biscay within Spain
ProvinceBiscay
Autonomous communityBasque Country
Population1,148,775 (2016)
Electorate948,080 (2016)
Major settlementsBilbao, Barakaldo, Getxo
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats10 (1977–1993)
9 (1993–2008)
8 (2008–)
Member(s)
  •   Podemos (2)
  •   PNV (2)
  •   Equo (1)
  •   PSOE (1)
  •   PP (1)
  •   EH Bildu (1)

Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia, Spanish: Vizcaya) is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects eight deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Biscay. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of 3 percent.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[1] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[2]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[3] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold are not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method may result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[4] Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[2][5][6][7]

The electoral law provides that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors are allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors are required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they are seeking election—0.1 percent and, at least, the signature of 500 electors, until 1985—. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions who have not obtained a mandate in either House of Parliament at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they are seeking election. Electors are barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[5][7]

Deputies

Deputies for Biscay 1977–
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:30.00%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:40.00%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1
1st 1979
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:40.00%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2
2nd 1982
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:40.00%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:40.00%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1
3rd 1986
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:30.00%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:30.00%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Coalition (Spain)/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1
4th 1989
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:20.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:30.00%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:10.00%; color:white;"| 1
5th 1993
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 2
6th 1996
style="background:Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 2
7th 2000
style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:44.44%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3
8th 2004
style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:44.44%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:22.22%; color:white;"| 2
9th 2008
style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:50.00%; color:white;"| 4 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:37.50%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1
10th 2011
style="background:Template:Amaiur/meta/color; width:25.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:25.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:37.50%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1
11th 2015
style="background:Template:EH Bildu/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Podemos (Spanish political party)/meta/color; width:25.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:37.50%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1
12th 2016
style="background:Template:EH Bildu/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Unidos Podemos/meta/color; width:37.50%; color:white;"| 3 style="background:Template:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1 style="background:Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color; width:25.00%; color:white;"| 2 style="background:Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color; width:12.50%; color:white;"| 1

Elections

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Unidos Podemos/meta/color"| United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–eQuo)1 179,347 28.87 –0.05 3 +1
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 175,296 28.22 +0.31 2 –1
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 86,425 13.91 +0.93 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 78,965 12.71 +1.31 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:EH Bildu/meta/color"| Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu) 67,653 10.89 –1.60 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 20,685 3.33 –0.51 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals/meta/color"| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,865 0.78 +0.12 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Zero Cuts/meta/color"| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,176 0.19 +0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Blank Seats/meta/color"| Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,026 0.17 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Union, Progress and Democracy/meta/color"| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 766 0.12 –0.19 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Vox (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Vox (Vox) 641 0.10 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 467 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,907 0.63 –0.11
Total 621,219 8 ±0
Valid votes 621,219 98.32 +0.03
Invalid votes 4,225 0.68 –0.03
Votes cast / turnout 625,444 65.97 –3.44
Abstentions 322,636 34.03 +3.44
Registered voters 948,080
Sources[8]

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 182,604 27.91 –4.70 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Podemos (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) 170,728 26.10 New 2 +2
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 84,893 12.98 –8.41 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:EH Bildu/meta/color"| Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu)1 81,704 12.49 –6.70 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 74,560 11.40 –6.32 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 25,148 3.84 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Popular Unity (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 18,466 2.82 –0.96 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals/meta/color"| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 4,342 0.66 +0.15 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Union, Progress and Democracy/meta/color"| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,012 0.31 –1.39 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:For the Left (Spain)/meta/color"| Left–For the Left (Ezkerra) 1,447 0.22 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Zero Cuts/meta/color"| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,089 0.17 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Blank Seats/meta/color"| Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 1,045 0.16 –0.29 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:For a Fairer World/meta/color"| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 479 0.07 –0.19 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 414 0.06 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Social Justice, Citizen Participation/meta/color"| Social Justice, Citizen Participation (JS,PC) 406 0.06 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,840 0.74 –0.40
Total 654,177 8 ±0
Valid votes 654,177 99.29 +0.30
Invalid votes 4,647 0.71 –0.30
Votes cast / turnout 658,824 69.41 +1.33
Abstentions 290,353 30.59 –1.33
Registered voters 949,177
Sources[9]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 208,683 32.61 +1.51 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 136,853 21.39 –15.60 2 –2
bgcolor="Template:Amaiur/meta/color"| Amaiur (Amaiur)1 122,796 19.19 +14.54 2 +2
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 113,401 17.72 –0.68 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Plural Left (Spain, 2011)/meta/color"| United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 24,205 3.78 –0.57 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Union, Progress and Democracy/meta/color"| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,886 1.70 +0.75 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Equo/meta/color"| Equo (eQuo) 7,387 1.15 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals/meta/color"| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,278 0.51 +0.14 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Blank Seats/meta/color"| Blank Seats (EB) 2,886 0.45 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:For a Fairer World/meta/color"| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,670 0.26 +0.03 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Unification of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 550 0.09 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 7,285 1.14 –0.54
Total 639,880 8 ±0
Valid votes 639,880 98.99 –0.04
Invalid votes 6,552 1.01 +0.04
Votes cast / turnout 646,432 68.08 +1.49
Abstentions 303,039 31.92 –1.49
Registered voters 949,471
Sources[10]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 233,371 36.99 +10.23 4 +1
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 196,242 31.10 –6.19 3 –1
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 116,110 18.40 –0.34 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:United Left–Greens/meta/color"| United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) 27,471 4.35 –4.23 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity (EA) 19,605 3.11 –1.23 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Aralar (Basque political party)/meta/color"| Aralar (Aralar) 9,740 1.54 –0.31 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Union, Progress and Democracy/meta/color"| Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 5,997 0.95 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Confederation of the Greens/meta/color"| The Greens (B/LV) 3,351 0.53 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals/meta/color"| Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,343 0.37 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:For a Fairer World/meta/color"| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,466 0.23 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 998 0.16 –0.08 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) 799 0.13 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Engine and Sports Alternative/meta/color"| Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 617 0.10 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Family and Life Party/meta/color"| Family and Life Party (PFyV) 589 0.09 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 435 0.07 –0.20 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Citizens (Spanish political party)/meta/color"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 426 0.07 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)/meta/color"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 219 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:National Democracy (Spain)/meta/color"| National Democracy (DN) 191 0.03 –0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Carlist Party (1970)/meta/color"| Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 166 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Spanish Alternative/meta/color"| Spanish Alternative (AES) 113 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Spain)/meta/color"| National Alliance (AN) 87 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 10,581 1.68 +0.42
Total 630,917 8 –1
Valid votes 630,917 99.03 +5.25
Invalid votes 6,177 0.97 –5.25
Votes cast / turnout 637,094 66.59 –9.24
Abstentions 319,615 33.41 +9.24
Registered voters 956,709
Sources[11]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 258,488 37.29 +3.08 4 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 185,514 26.76 +3.90 3 +1
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 129,889 18.74 –8.52 2 –1
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (EB/IU) 59,493 8.58 +2.79 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity (EA) 30,096 4.34 –0.74 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Aralar (Basque political party)/meta/color"| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) 12,791 1.85 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Party of the Democratic Karma/meta/color"| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,300 0.33 –0.09 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 1,846 0.27 +0.03 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1,682 0.24 +0.14 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 789 0.11 +0.06 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left (Spain, 1977)/meta/color"| Republican Left (IR) 407 0.06 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:National Democracy (Spain)/meta/color"| National Democracy (DN) 348 0.05 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Republican Social Movement/meta/color"| Republican Social Movement (MSR) 264 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Carlist Party (1970)/meta/color"| Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 243 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:La Falange (1999)/meta/color"| The Phalanx (FE) 147 0.02 –0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)/meta/color"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1 134 0.02 –0.01 0 ±0
Blank ballots 8,754 1.26 –1.44
Total 693,185 9 ±0
Valid votes 693,185 93.78 –5.13
Invalid votes 45,979 6.22 +5.13
Votes cast / turnout 739,164 75.83 +8.84
Abstentions 235,578 24.17 –8.84
Registered voters 974,742
Sources[12]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 222,479 34.21 +5.01 4 +1
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 177,272 27.26 +8.82 3 +1
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 148,670 22.86 –0.93 2 ±0
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (EB/IU) 37,677 5.79 –3.93 0 –1
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity (EA) 33,047 5.08 –0.10 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Confederation of the Greens/meta/color"| The Greens (B/LV) 5,469 0.84 +0.40 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Party of the Democratic Karma/meta/color"| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) 2,759 0.42 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 1,579 0.24 +0.18 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Natural Law Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Natural Law Party (PLN) 1,025 0.16 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 662 0.10 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 534 0.08 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC) 348 0.05 –0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Spanish Democratic Republican Action/meta/color"| Republican Action (AR) 281 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Spain 2000/meta/color"| Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 246 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:La Falange (1999)/meta/color"| The Phalanx (FE) 243 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Carlist Party (1970)/meta/color"| Carlist Party (EKA/PC) 182 0.03 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española Independiente/meta/color"| Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 179 0.03 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Internationalist Struggle/meta/color"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 151 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Euskal Herritarrok/meta/color"| Basque Citizens (EH)1 0 0.00 –9.94 0 –1
Blank ballots 17,584 2.70 +1.40
Total 650,387 9 ±0
Valid votes 650,387 98.91 –0.41
Invalid votes 7,138 1.09 +0.41
Votes cast / turnout 657,525 66.99 –5.50
Abstentions 324,046 33.01 +5.50
Registered voters 981,571
Sources[13]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 204,056 29.20 –0.34 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 166,293 23.79 –1.08 2 –1
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 128,904 18.44 +3.15 2 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB) 69,472 9.94 –2.58 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (IU/EB) 67,954 9.72 +2.67 1 +1
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity (EA) 36,234 5.18 –1.13 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Basque Citizen Initiative/meta/color"| Basque Citizen Initiative (ICV–Gorordo) 11,833 1.69 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Confederation of the Greens/meta/color"| European Greens–Basque Country Greens (VE–EHB) 774 0.44 –0.57 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)1 560 0.08 –0.38 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Centrist Union (UC) 430 0.06 –0.73 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 394 0.06 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Republican Coalition (Spain, 1996)/meta/color"| Republican Coalition (CR)2 331 0.05 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española Auténtica/meta/color"| Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 139 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española Independiente/meta/color"| Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 138 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 0 0.00 –0.06 0 ±0
Blank ballots 9,063 1.30 +0.09
Total 698,859 9 ±0
Valid votes 698,859 99.32 +0.14
Invalid votes 4,770 0.68 –0.14
Votes cast / turnout 703,629 72.49 +1.41
Abstentions 266,963 27.51 –1.41
Registered voters 970,592
Sources[14]

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 197,392 29.54 +1.63 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 166,172 24.87 –3.81 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP) 102,172 15.29 +5.59 2 +1
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB) 83,644 12.52 –2.53 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (IU/EB) 47,091 7.05 +3.44 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) 42,175 6.31 –1.56 0 –1
bgcolor="Template:Confederation of the Greens/meta/color"| The Greens (B/LV) 6,769 1.01 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,285 0.79 –2.65 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:The Ecologist Greens (Spain)/meta/color"| The Ecologists (LE) 3,215 0.48 –0.59 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,053 0.46 +0.12 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Ruiz-Mateos Group/meta/color"| Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 1,359 0.20 –0.56 0 ±0
Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) 408 0.06 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 405 0.06 –0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Natural Law Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Natural Law Party (PLN) 387 0.06 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 353 0.05 –0.03 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Coalition for a New Socialist Party/meta/color"| Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2 251 0.04 –0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Unification of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 8,060 1.21 +0.53
Total 668,191 9 –1
Valid votes 668,191 99.18 +0.15
Invalid votes 5,495 0.82 –0.15
Votes cast / turnout 673,686 71.08 +3.79
Abstentions 274,085 28.92 –3.79
Registered voters 947,771
Sources[15]

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,582 27.91 –1.40 3 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 127,744 20.78 –5.78 2 –1
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB) 92,493 15.05 –0.86 2 ±0
bgcolor="Template:People's Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Party (PP)1 59,632 9.70 –0.97 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color"| Basque Country Left (EE) 48,559 7.90 –0.46 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Eusko Alkartasuna/meta/color"| Basque Solidarity (EA) 48,355 7.87 New 1 +1
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (IU/EB) 22,169 3.61 +2.03 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 21,144 3.44 –1.51 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:The Ecologist Greens (Spain)/meta/color"| The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 6,589 1.07 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Ruiz-Mateos Group/meta/color"| Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 4,682 0.76 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity/meta/color"| Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2 3,125 0.51 –0.61 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,099 0.34 –0.10 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 546 0.09 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Humanist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Humanist Party (PH) 521 0.08 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 510 0.08 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)/meta/color"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 400 0.07 –0.05 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Alliance for the Republic (Spain)/meta/color"| Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 398 0.06 –0.10 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)/meta/color"| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))4 0 0.00 –0.12 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Communist League (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)5 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
Blank ballots 4,176 0.68 +0.20
Total 614,724 10 ±0
Valid votes 614,724 99.03 +1.04
Invalid votes 6,044 0.97 –1.04
Votes cast / turnout 620,768 67.29 –1.03
Abstentions 301,825 32.71 +1.03
Registered voters 922,593
Sources[16]

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 179,130 29.31 –4.07 3 –1
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 162,323 26.56 –3.08 3 –1
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB) 97,252 15.91 +2.80 2 +1
bgcolor="Template:People's Coalition (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 65,212 10.67 –1.35 1 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color"| Basque Country Left (EE) 51,090 8.36 +1.80 1 +1
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 30,286 4.95 +3.47 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:United Left (Spain)/meta/color"| United Left (IU) 9,638 1.58 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 6,863 1.12 –1.07 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,659 0.44 –0.13 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Unification of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,397 0.23 +0.05 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party/meta/color"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 981 0.16 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (1976)/meta/color"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 751 0.12 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Republican Popular Unity/meta/color"| Republican Popular Unity (UPR)2 704 0.12 +0.05 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Movement of Euskadi/meta/color"| Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Communist League (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 0 0.00 ±0.00 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Party of the Communists of Catalonia/meta/color"| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 2,935 0.48 –0.02
Total 611,221 10 ±0
Valid votes 611,221 97.99 +0.16
Invalid votes 12,549 2.01 –0.16
Votes cast / turnout 623,770 68.32 –11.20
Abstentions 289,194 31.68 +11.20
Registered voters 912,964
Sources[17]

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 221,801 33.38 +4.20 4 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 196,974 29.64 +10.58 4 +2
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB) 87,100 13.11 –1.40 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:AP–PDP–PDL–UCD/meta/color"| Democratic Coalition (AP–PDP–PDL–UCD)1 79,866 12.02 –8.20 1 –1
bgcolor="Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color"| Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE) 43,591 6.56 +0.71 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 14,537 2.19 –3.58 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 9,815 1.48 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Socialist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 3,815 0.57 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:New Force (Spain)/meta/color"| New Force (FN)2 1,289 0.19 –1.17 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Unification of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 1,225 0.18 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Unified Communist Party of Spain/meta/color"| Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 761 0.11 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)/meta/color"| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) 478 0.07 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Communist League (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 0 0.00 –0.55 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Action Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Socialist Party (PS)3 0 0.00 –0.75 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Workers League (Spain)/meta/color"| Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI)) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Movement of Euskadi/meta/color"| Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK) 0 0.00 –1.32 0 ±0
Blank ballots 3,318 0.50 +0.30
Total 664,570 10 ±0
Valid votes 664,570 97.83 +0.04
Invalid votes 14,728 2.17 –0.04
Votes cast / turnout 679,298 79.52 +14.19
Abstentions 174,906 20.48 –14.19
Registered voters 854,204
Sources[18]

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 161,480 29.18 –1.74 4 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1 105,481 19.06 –8.38 2 –1
bgcolor="Template:Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 88,431 15.98 –0.43 2 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Herri Batasuna/meta/color"| Popular Unity (HB)2 80,280 14.51 +10.97 2 +2
bgcolor="Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color"| Basque Country Left (EE) 32,363 5.85 +0.42 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 31,942 5.77 +0.38 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Foral Union of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)3 23,484 4.24 –2.40 0 –1
bgcolor="Template:National Union (Spain)/meta/color"| National Union (UN) 7,521 1.36 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Communist Movement (Spain)/meta/color"| Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 7,292 1.32 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Action Party (Spain)/meta/color"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)4 4,131 0.75 –0.37 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Revolutionary Communist League (Spain)/meta/color"| Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)5 3,039 0.55 –0.26 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Revolutionary Organization (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)6 2,932 0.53 +0.02 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Carlist Party (1970)/meta/color"| Carlist Party (PC) 1,380 0.25 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left (Spain, 1977)/meta/color"| Republican Left of the Basque Country (IR–E) 1,229 0.22 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Falange Española de las JONS (Auténtica)/meta/color"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 795 0.14 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Template:Proverist Party/meta/color"| Proverist Party (PPr) 500 0.09 New 0 ±0
Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 1,127 0.20 –0.01
Total 553,407 10 ±0
Valid votes 553,407 97.79 +0.64
Invalid votes 12,478 2.21 –0.64
Votes cast / turnout 565,885 65.33 –11.05
Abstentions 300,300 34.67 +11.05
Registered voters 866,185
Sources[19]

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Biscay
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Party/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 171,991 30.92 n/a 4 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Socialist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 140,643 25.28 n/a 3 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 91,262 16.41 n/a 2 n/a
bgcolor="Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Alliance (AP) 36,934 6.64 n/a 1 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Euskadiko Ezkerra/meta/color"| Basque Country Left (EE) 30,209 5.43 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Communist Party of the Basque Country/meta/color"| Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 29,968 5.39 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Basque Socialist Party/meta/color"| Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 15,079 2.71 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:People's Socialist Party (Spain)/meta/color"| People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 12,038 2.16 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Socialist Alliance (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 6,224 1.12 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Basque Christian Democracy/meta/color"| Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 6,034 1.08 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Basque Nationalist Action/meta/color"| Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 4,617 0.83 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Front for Workers' Unity/meta/color"| Front for Workers' Unity (FUT) 4,478 0.81 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Workers' Revolutionary Organization (Spain)/meta/color"| Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 2,825 0.51 n/a 0 n/a
bgcolor="Template:Democratic Left Front (Spain)/meta/color"| Democratic Left Front (FDI) 2,767 0.50 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots 1,166 0.21 n/a
Total 556,235 10 n/a
Valid votes 556,235 97.15 n/a
Invalid votes 16,313 2.85 n/a
Votes cast / turnout 572,548 76.38 n/a
Abstentions 177,024 23.62 n/a
Registered voters 749,572
Sources[20]

References

  1. ^ Political Reform Act of 1977. Official State Gazette (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b Spanish Constitution of 1978. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  4. ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  5. ^ a b General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985. Official State Gazette (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  6. ^ "Constitution" (PDF). congreso.es. Congress of Deputies. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  7. ^ a b "Representation of the people Institutional Act". juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  8. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 2016. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  9. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. December 2015. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  10. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. November 2011. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2008. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  12. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2004. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  13. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 2000. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  14. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1996. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  15. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1993. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  16. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1989. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  17. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1986. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  18. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. October 1982. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  19. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. March 1979. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  20. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Congress. June 1977. Biscay". infoelectoral.mir.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

43°15′N 2°59′W / 43.250°N 2.983°W / 43.250; -2.983

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