CDMA2000
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CDMA2000 (also known as IMT Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC)) is a family of 3G[1] mobile technology standards, which use CDMA channel access, to send voice, data, and signaling data between mobile phones and cell sites. The name cdma2000 actually denotes a family of standards that represent the successive, evolutionary stages of the underlying technology. These are, in order of evolution:
CDMA2000 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Release 0, Revision A, Revision B
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision C or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
CDMA2000 1xEVDV
All are approved radio interfaces for the ITU's IMT-2000. CDMA2000 has a relatively long technical history and is backward-compatible with its previous 2G iteration IS-95 (cdmaOne). In the United States, CDMA2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA).[2]
1X
CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000), also known as 1x and 1xRTT, is the core CDMA2000 wireless air interface standard. The designation "1x", meaning 1 times Radio Transmission Technology, indicates the same radio frequency (RF) bandwidth as IS-95: a duplex pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels. 1xRTT almost doubles the capacity of IS-95 by adding 64 more traffic channels to the forward link, orthogonal to (in quadrature with) the original set of 64. The 1X standard supports packet data speeds of up to 153 kbit/s with real world data transmission averaging 60–100 kbit/s in most commercial applications.[3] IMT-2000 also made changes to the data link layer for greater use of data services, including medium and link access control protocols and QoS. The IS-95 data link layer only provided "best efforts delivery" for data and circuit switched channel for voice (i.e., a voice frame once every 20 ms).
1xEV-DO
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized), often abbreviated as EV-DO or EV, is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. It uses multiplexing techniques including code division multiple access (CDMA) as well as time division multiple access (TDMA) to maximize both individual user's throughput and the overall system throughput. It is standardized by 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and has been adopted by many mobile phone service providers around the world – particularly those previously employing CDMA networks. It is also used on the Globalstar satellite phone network.[4]
Networks
The CDMA Development Group states that, as of May 2012, there are 329 operators in 121 countries offering CDMA2000 1X and/or 1xEV-DO service.[5]
History
The intended 4G successor to CDMA2000 was UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband); however, in November 2008, Qualcomm announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring LTE instead.[6]
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References
- ^ http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/DocumentsIMT2000/What_really_3G.pdf
- ^ CDMA2000 trademark application, uspto.gov, November 17, 2009
- ^ 1X features/speeds, cdg.org, November 17, 2009
- ^ Globalstar GSP 1700 satphone also loaded with EVDO
- ^ http://www.cdg.org/technology/cdma_technology/cdma_stats.asp
- ^ Qualcomm halts UMB project, Reuters, November 13th, 2008
External links
- TIA TR-45 Engineering Committee for CDMA Standards
- 3GPP2 Standards and specifications
- CDMA2000 Overviews of the CDMA2000 standards - 1X to UMB
Cellular network standards | |||||||||
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| 0G radio telephones (1946) | |||||||||
| 1G (1979) |
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| 2G (1991) |
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| 2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) |
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| 3G (1998) IMT-2000 (2001) |
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| 3G transitional (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) |
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| 4G (2009) IMT Advanced (2013) |
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| 5G (2018) IMT-2020 (2021) |
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| Related articles | |||||||||
