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CODA (2021 film)

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CODA
Release poster
Directed bySian Heder
Screenplay bySian Heder
Based on
La Famille Bélier
by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyPaula Huidobro
Edited byGeraud Brisson
Music byMarius de Vries
Production
companies
Distributed byApple TV+
Release dates
  • January 28, 2021 (2021-01-28) (Sundance)
  • August 13, 2021 (2021-08-13) (United States)
Running time
111 minutes
Countries
  • France
  • United States
Languages
Budget$10 million[1]
Box office$1.1 million[2]

CODA is a 2021 coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Sian Heder. An English-language remake of the 2014 French-Belgian film La Famille Bélier, it stars Emilia Jones as the titular child of deaf adults (CODA) and only hearing member of a deaf family, who attempts to help her family's struggling fishing business, while pursuing her own aspirations of being a singer. Eugenio Derbez, Troy Kotsur, Ferdia Walsh-Peelo, Daniel Durant, and Marlee Matlin are featured in supporting roles. An international co-production between the United States and France with La Famille Bélier producer Philippe Rousselet reprising his role as producer, the film was filmed on location in Gloucester, Massachusetts, in the United States.

CODA had its world premiere on January 28, 2021, at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival, where Apple acquired its distribution rights for a festival-record $25 million. The film was released in theaters and through the Apple TV+ streaming service on August 13, 2021. It garnered positive reviews from critics and was named one of the top 10 films of 2021 by the American Film Institute. CODA won three Oscars at the 94th Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Kotsur), and Best Adapted Screenplay, becoming the first film distributed by a streaming service and the first starring predominantly deaf actors to win Best Picture. Among its various other accolades, the film won the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and its cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.

Plot

In Gloucester, Massachusetts, Ruby Rossi is the only hearing member of her family; her parents, Frank and Jackie, and older brother, Leo, are all deaf. She assists with the family fishing business and plans to join it full-time after high school.

Because of her family, Ruby is seen as an outcast at school. When she notices her crush, Miles, is signing up for choir, Ruby impulsively does the same. On the first day of the choir, the teacher, Bernardo "Mr. V” Villalobos, instructs the students to sing "Happy Birthday to You" to place their vocal parts. Faced with having to sing in front of the class, Ruby panics and runs away. She later returns to Mr. V and explains that she was bullied for talking differently as a child. Mr. V tells Ruby there is room for all kinds of voices in the choir, and is surprised and impressed by her beautiful singing voice.

Mr. V pairs Ruby with Miles for a duet at the upcoming choir recital. Their first rehearsal goes poorly as they each prepare separately; Mr. V insists that they must practice together. Ruby invites Miles to her house to practice, but they are interrupted by Frank and Jackie loudly having sex in the next room. Ruby later hears classmates in the cafeteria mocking the incident. Miles apologizes and tells her he only told his friend Jay, who in turn spread the story, but she wants nothing to do with him. She eventually forgives him and they resume their practice while kindling a relationship.

Meanwhile, Frank and Leo struggle to make ends meet with the fishing business as new fees and sanctions are imposed by the local board. At a board meeting, Frank stands and announces that he is starting his own company to get around the new restrictions and sell his fish on his own, inviting other local fishermen to join. The family struggles to get the business off the ground, relying on Ruby to spread the word.

Mr. V encourages Ruby to audition for Berklee College of Music, his alma mater. He offers her private lessons to prepare, as he is already privately tutoring Miles. Ruby agrees, but her increasing commitments to the family business cause her to be late to their lessons. Mr. V grows irritated with Ruby's constant lateness and chastises her for wasting his time and not caring enough about music.

While fishing one day, when Ruby was unavailable, Frank and Leo are intercepted by the Coast Guard after failing to respond to ship horns and radio calls. They are fined and have their fishing licenses suspended for their negligence. They appeal and manage to get their license back on the condition that they have a hearing person on board at all times. Ruby announces to the family that she is foregoing college and will join the business full-time. Her parents are supportive, but Leo reacts angrily, insisting that they can manage without Ruby's help.

Ruby's family attends her choir recital, and while they cannot hear her sing, they notice the positive reception from the audience around them. That night, Frank asks Ruby to sing a song for him while he feels her vocal cords, growing emotional. The entire family then drives to Boston with Ruby for her Berklee audition. Before her audition, she sees Miles, who reveals he choked his audition and wishes her luck. Ruby's family are prohibited from entering the audition hall, but they sneak up to the balcony while Mr. V comes to accompany her on piano. Ruby is nervous and unprepared at first, but after Mr. V fakes a mistake on his accompaniment, she’s allowed to start again and gains confidence when she sees her family. She signs along with the song, "Both Sides, Now" by Joni Mitchell, so they can understand what she is singing.

Some time later, Ruby is accepted to Berklee. Her family and Mr. V are delighted with the news. She invites Miles to visit her in Boston sometime. Meanwhile, the hearing workers in the family's fishing business have been learning sign language, allowing them to communicate with and interpret for the family. Ruby's friend Gertie drives her to Boston for college as her family sees them off; Ruby signs, "I love you so much" (literal translation: "I really love you") to them as they drive away.

Cast

Emilia Jones plays the film's lead character, Ruby Rossi.

Production

Development and writing

Sian Heder, the film's writer and director.

CODA, written and directed by Sian Heder, is an English-language remake of the French-language film La Famille Bélier, which was released in 2014 and was successful at the French box office. Philippe Rousselet was one of the original film's producers, and he had the rights to do a remake.[3] He and producer Patrick Wachsberger approached Heder to direct a remake for a United States audience.[4] Heder said, "They were interested in adapting the film, but they wanted someone to make it unique and take the premise from the original and, also, reinvent it."[3] By May 2019, the companies Pathé Films and Vendôme Group had formed a film production partnership to develop and produce English-language films, with the first being CODA.[5]

CODA is set in Gloucester, Massachusetts. While its predecessor La Famille Bélier was set on a rural dairy farm in France, Heder chose to set CODA in Gloucester, being familiar with the city from visiting the North Shore in the summer when growing up. Heder explained, "For me it has the combination of being very picturesque and quintessentially New England but also with a working-class grit to it."[3] Heder learned American Sign Language in the process of writing the script, with 40% of it ultimately being in ASL.[3] The director was helped by two deaf collaborators who she called "ASL masters", Alexandria Wailes and Anne Tomasetti.[4]

To prepare for the film, Heder observed a fish processing plant and consulted the local harbormaster about how authorities would raid a boat. She received feedback from director Kenneth Lonergan—who directed the 2016 film Manchester by the Sea, which was set in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts[6]—and members of the fishing-industry nonprofit Gloucester Fishermen's Wives Association. Several consultants and a fisherman educated Heder in local fishing practices.[6]

Casting

Heder first cast Marlee Matlin in CODA. During the development process, the film's financiers resisted casting deaf actors for the remaining deaf characters. Matlin threatened to drop out unless deaf actors were cast, and the financiers ultimately relented.[7]

Heder described the casting as an opportunity for Matlin to play against type, her previous roles having been "'put-together' and classy characters". Heder said, "Marlee, in real life, is much more funny, and she has a dirty sense of humor. This (role) was a working-class fisherman's wife, and she has a lot of elements of her personality that were very right for this character." Matlin used her connections with Deaf West Theatre in Los Angeles, California, to help Heder find additional deaf actors. Heder saw Troy Kotsur in a Deaf West production and cast him as the fisherman and father. She cast Daniel Durant after finding him through auditions. Matlin, Kotsur, and Durant were already familiar with each other through their collaboration on the Deaf West production of the musical Spring Awakening.[3]

Matlin described her interest in getting CODA made, "I felt that audiences would really see deaf people in a film ... There are so many levels for people to identify with and, for people with no connection, who have never met a deaf person, to see sign language, to see deaf people in normal, day-to-day settings ... People think that deaf people are monolithic in terms of how they approach life. And this film bursts that myth ... But to burst that myth, it had to be told as authentically as possible. And it’s strange because studios clearly have the ability to greenlight a film and cast whomever they want, and there continues to be a lack of awareness that you can tell universal stories with deaf characters."[7] Kotsur said, "You have to think a little bit outside the box and present more opportunities, instead of just having two options ... You know, you write this script because somebody's deaf, or I'm writing it because it's a character that happens to be deaf. There's a distinction there.”[4]

For the deaf actors, Heder hired a rotating group of ASL interpreters that facilitated communication with signing and speaking among the cast and crew.[3] She connected with the deaf community in nearby Boston to secure the interpreters for on-set communication.[6] Matlin said, "[Heder] really immersed herself into our culture and made every attempt to learn and to work with us and having two directors of sign language on the set, plus interpreters, plus the crew who learned our language, everyone working together, it was working like on any other set, but the sign language aspect made it extra special."[8]

The director also auditioned hundreds of teenage girls before casting Emilia Jones as the hearing member of the deaf family. Jones took voice lessons and learned ASL for nine months before filming started. Heder also chose to cast Eugenio Derbez as the girl's choirmaster, seeing him as a fit for her "amalgamation of Heder's college rhythm teacher and her high school drama and English teachers".[3]

Filming

The film was shot on location in Gloucester, Massachusetts, in the middle of 2019.[6]

In the film, the family lives in what WBUR's The ARTery described as a "creaky clapboard cottage [with] a yard jammed with boats, traps and nets". During location scouting, Heder came across what she found to be the ideal house for the family home and received permission from its residents to use it as a filming location. The choirmaster's home was a Victorian-style house on the sea, where Heder had visited family friends multiple times in her childhood, and they allowed her to film there.[6]

A fisherman who educated Heder in local fishing practices allowed his fishing trawler to be used as a film set. Scenes set in a flooded quarry were filmed at the Steel Derrick quarry in Rockport, Massachusetts.[6]

Release

Screening

CODA had its world premiere on January 28, 2021, at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival as one of the opening-day films.[9] It screened as part of the festival's US Dramatic Competition.[10] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States at the time, CODA was screened virtually.[6]

The film received "immediate rave reviews", according to Agence France Presse, which highlighted the positive comments from Variety and Deadline Hollywood.[11] IndieWire wrote, "[Heder] has reportedly crafted a crowd-pleasing tearjerker whose commercial promise will easily spark a bidding war between theatrical distributors and deep-pocketed streamers."[12] USA Today summarized the reception, "Propelled by its powerful inclusivity of the deaf community, it's a refreshing reboot of the traditional teen romance and coming-of-age story."[8]

Two days after CODA's premiere, Apple acquired distribution rights to the film for a festival-record $25 million.[13] At Sundance, CODA won the U.S. Grand Jury Prize, U.S. Dramatic Audience Award, and a Special Jury Ensemble Cast Award. The film's director Sian Heder won Best Director in the U.S. Dramatic section.[14]

Theatrical and streaming

The film was released in theaters and through the streaming service Apple TV+ in selected countries on August 13, 2021.[15] Free screenings in select theaters were also held between February 25 and February 27, 2022.[16] By March 20, 2022, the film had been streamed in 973,000 households in the United States, including 375,000 since the Oscar nomination announcements on February 8.[17] In the three days following its Best Picture win, the film saw a 300% increase in views from the previous week and was the most-streamed program on Apple TV+.[18]

According to Kotsur, the film was initially rated R "for language," as displayed in the subtitles during the deaf characters' dialogue in some scenes, but after several "back-and-forths" and fights with the MPA, it was ultimately reduced to PG-13 months before its official release. Kotsur added "...vulgar sign language is just a part of our culture. But are you hearing people ready? That’s why it was so cool. It’s fascinating to see that in the script, first of all."[19]

Reception

Critical response

Troy Kotsur became the first deaf actor to be nominated and to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 94% of 270 reviews of the film were positive, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "CODA's story offers few surprises, but strong representation and a terrific cast—led by Emilia Jones' brilliant performance—bring this coming-of-age story vividly to life."[20] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 74 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[21]

Response from deaf community

USA Today reported deaf viewers' varied reactions to the film. They praised the casting and performances of deaf actors, and found the depiction of deaf characters as self-sufficient and sexually active people to be in welcome contrast to previous depictions on screen. Delbert Whetter, vice chair of nonprofit RespectAbility, said, "After seeing so many stories where people with disabilities are depicted as helpless, forlorn souls needing to be rescued, it is so refreshing to see a story with Deaf characters that are small business owners and leaders in their fishing community, with depth and nuance that rival and even exceed that of their hearing counterparts in the story." Deaf writer Sara Nović also said, "I liked that these characters were sexual beings—deaf and disabled people are often neutered or virginal in movies and books, and that's extremely boring and inaccurate."[22]

Jenna Beacom, a sensitivity reader and young adult author, found much of the film "misrepresented, especially deaf people's competence and ability to thrive in 2021", and said that, while "thrilled that the movie exists, in the sense of contributing to more deaf representation and hopefully more opportunities for even better representation", she was "very disturbed by how negatively the movie portrays the deaf and CODA experiences."[22] A deaf parent of a singer herself, Beacom found the film's assumption "that being deaf means that you can't enjoy music, or understand anyone else's enjoyment" to be unfounded.[23] Nović also said, "I actually think the story of a first-gen college student, just without the music—she could have been studying anything—is more compelling, anyway ... I don't think that we needed the music part for this to be an interesting story."[24]

The film's depiction of the hearing child interpreting for her parents even in settings where professional interpreters would be required by the Americans with Disabilities Act, such as a court hearing and medical appointments, received widespread criticism as being misrepresentative.[22][25][26]

Accolades

At the 94th Academy Awards, the film won all three awards that it was nominated for: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Kotsur), and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is the first film produced and/or distributed by a streaming service, the first Sundance film, and the first film featuring predominantly deaf actors in leading roles to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.[27] CODA is also the fifth film and the first since 2012's Argo to win Best Picture without a director nomination, and the first Best Picture winner with the fewest nominations since 1932's Grand Hotel.[28]

CODA was nominated for Best Motion Picture - Drama and Best Supporting Actor (for Kotsur) at the 79th Golden Globe Awards. It received three nominations at the 75th British Academy Film Awards, winning two, including Best Supporting Actor for Kotsur, making him the first deaf person to ever win a BAFTA, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Heder. At the 28th Screen Actors Guild Awards, the film made history with Kotsur, Matlin and Durant becoming the first deaf/non-hearing performers to win, along with Jones, Derbez and Walsh-Peelo, for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.[29] At the 33rd Producers Guild of America Awards, the film was also awarded the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture.[30]

Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 17, 2021 Original Score – Independent Film Marius de Vries Nominated [31][32]
Original Song – Independent Film Nick Baxter, Siân Heder, Marius de Vries, and Matt Dahan (for the song "Beyond the Shore") Won
Original Song – Onscreen Performance Emilia Jones (for the song "Both Sides, Now") Won
Music Supervision – Film Alexandra Patsavas Nominated
Soundtrack Album CODA (Soundtrack from the Apple Original Film) Nominated
Gotham Awards November 29, 2021 Outstanding Supporting Performance Troy Kotsur Won [33][34]
Marlee Matlin Nominated
Breakthrough Performer Emilia Jones Won
Women Film Critics Circle Awards December 11, 2021 Best Movie About Women CODA Nominated [35]
Best Movie by a Woman Siân Heder Runner-up
Best Woman Storyteller (Screenwriting Award) Siân Heder Nominated
Best Screen Couple Marlee Matlin and Troy Kotsur Runner-up (tie)
Courage in Filmmaking Siân Heder Nominated
Golden Globe Awards January 9, 2022 Best Motion Picture – Drama CODA Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Nominated
Austin Film Critics Association January 11, 2022 Breakthrough Artist Award Emilia Jones Nominated [36]
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated
Georgia Film Critics Association January 15, 2022 Best Picture CODA Nominated [37]
Best Supporting Actor Tory Kotsur Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated
Best Ensemble CODA Nominated
Breakthrough Award Emilia Jones Nominated
Seattle Film Critics Society January 17, 2022 Best Picture of the Year CODA Nominated [38]
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Troy Kotsur Nominated
Best Youth Performance Emilia Jones Won
Alliance of Women Film Journalists January 25, 2022 Best Breakthrough Performance Emilia Jones Won [39]
Best Woman Screenwriter Siân Heder Nominated
Best Woman Director Siân Heder Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Nominated
Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated
London Film Critics' Circle February 6, 2022 Young British/Irish Performer of the Year Emilia Jones Nominated [40]
Set Decorators Society of America Awards February 22, 2022 Best Achievement in Decor/Design of a Contemporary Feature Film Vanessa Knoll and Diane Lederman Nominated [41]
NAACP Image Awards February 26, 2022 Outstanding Independent Motion Picture CODA Won [42]
Screen Actors Guild Awards February 27, 2022 Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Eugenio Derbez, Daniel Durant, Emilia Jones, Troy Kotsur, Marlee Matlin, Ferdia Walsh-Peelo Won
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Troy Kotsur Won
Hollywood Critics Association Film Awards February 28, 2022 Best Picture CODA Won
[43]
Best Actress Emilia Jones Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Won
Best Supporting Actress Marlee Matlin Nominated
Best Cast Ensemble CODA Nominated
Best Director Siân Heder Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Won
Best Indie Film CODA Nominated
Best Original Song "Beyond the Shore" (performed by Emilia Jones) Nominated
Santa Barbara International Film Festival March 5, 2022 Virtuosos Award Troy Kotsur Won [44]
Emilia Jones Won
Independent Spirit Awards March 6, 2022 Best Supporting Male Troy Kotsur Won [45]
American Film Institute Awards March 11, 2022 Top 10 Movies of the Year CODA Won [46]
British Academy Film Award March 13, 2022 Best Actress in a Leading Role Emilia Jones Nominated [47]
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Troy Kotsur Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Won
Critics' Choice Movie Awards March 13, 2022 Best Picture CODA Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated
Best Young Performer Emilia Jones Nominated
Gold Derby Awards March 16, 2022 Best Picture Jérôme Seydoux, Fabrice Gianfermi, Patrick Wachsberger, Philippe Rousselet Nominated [48][49]
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated
Best Ensemble Eugenio Derbez, Daniel Durant, Emilia Jones, Troy Kotsur, Marlee Matlin, Ferdia Walsh-Peelo Nominated
Dorian Awards March 17, 2022 Best Supporting Film Performance Troy Kotsur Nominated [50][51]
AARP Movies for Grownups Awards March 18, 2022 Best Intergenerational Film CODA Won [52]
Best Supporting Actress Marlee Matlin Nominated
Producers Guild of America Awards March 19, 2022 Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures Fabrice Gianfermi, Philippe Rousselet, and Patrick Wachsberger Won [30]
Writers Guild of America Awards March 20, 2022 Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Won [53]
Chlotrudis Awards March 20, 2022 Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Nominated [54][55]
Guild of Music Supervisors Awards March 20, 2022 Best Music Supervision in a Trailer Will Quiney Nominated [56][57]
Casting Society of America March 23, 2022 Studio or Independent Feature - Drama Deborah Aquila, Lisa Zagoria, Tricia Wood, Angela Peri, Lisa Lobel and Melissa Morris Won [58][59]
Academy Awards March 27, 2022 Best Picture Philippe Rousselet, Fabrice Gianfermi, Patrick Wachsberger Won [60]
Best Supporting Actor Troy Kotsur Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Won
Satellite Awards April 2, 2022 Best Film, Drama Siân Heder Pending [61]
Best Supporting Actress, Motion Picture Marlee Matlin Pending
Best Adapted Screenplay Siân Heder Pending
Best Original Song Nick Baxter, Siân Heder, Marius de Vries, and Matt Dahan (for the song "Beyond the Shore") Pending

Planned stage musical adaptation

On March 23, 2022, it was reported by The New York Times that in order to keep the film's relevance going after awards season, the film's producers will team up with Deaf West Theatre to develop a stage musical adaptation of the film, with a creative team and production calendar yet to be announced. DJ Kurs, Deaf West's artistic director, expressed excitement for the project by saying "As a Deaf person, I knew from the start that CODA would make a perfect musical: It addresses our relationship with music and how we move through the world of sound like immigrants in a foreign country, learning new, seemingly arbitrary rules on the fly." Like Deaf West's production of Spring Awakening, the musical will incorporate both signing in American Sign Language and live singing.[62]

The report also revealed that Rousselet was originally asked in 2014 about making a stage version of La Famille Bélier prior to this incarnation, but that he and the producers wanted to prioritize making CODA and forging a relationship with Deaf West first before pursuing a stage version. Rousselet further remarked "It’s going to be a new adventure for us. But I think it has everything — the characters, the music, the wonderful environment — to make a beautiful musical." Kotsur revealed that he hopes the musical will have its initial staging within two years, possibly hinting at his return to reprise his role as Frank in the production.[62] Kurs also revealed his desire to have Matlin and Durant also come back to reprise their roles as Jackie and Leo, respectively, along with Kotsur.[63]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "CODA (2021)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
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  4. ^ a b c Grobar, Matt (January 28, 2021). "'CODA' Stars Marlee Matlin, Troy Kotsur & Daniel Durant Talk Authentic Portrait Of Deaf Culture & The Need To Represent It With A Broader Range Of Stories — Sundance Studio". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  5. ^ Wiseman, Andreas (May 13, 2019). "Pathé & Vendôme Sign Pact; First Pic 'Coda' Will Be Sold By Pathé, Philippe Rousselet & Patrick Wachsberger On Croisette — Cannes". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
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  23. ^ Jenna Beacom, M.Ed [@jfbeacom] (August 13, 2021). "The Rossis' resistance to Ruby's singing is portrayed as a natural offshoot of their deafness. A false binary is assumed; that being deaf means that you can't enjoy music, or understand anyone else's enjoyment. This is bullshit. (I have a CODA. She sings. Love it for her!) 9/" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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