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Cabinet of Egypt

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Politics of Egypt

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The Cabinet of Egypt (Arabic: مجلس وزراء مصر) is the chief executive body of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It consists of the Prime Minister and the cabinet ministers.

The government has a leading role in shaping the agenda of the houses of Parliament. It may propose laws to Parliament, as well as amendments during parliamentary meetings. It may make use of some procedures to speed up parliamentary deliberations. The government is responsible only to Parliament, specifically the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives may pass a motion of censure, forcing the resignation of the cabinet. Ministers have to answer questions from Members of Parliament, both written and oral; this is known as Inquiries to the Government Talebat Ihata.

In addition, ministers attend meetings of the two houses of Parliament when laws pertaining to their areas of responsibility are being discussed.

The details of the cabinet's organisation are set down in articles 153 to 160 of the constitution. Article 155 states that the members of the cabinet have to be sworn in when taking office.

Functions

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The Cabinet shall exercise in particularly the following functions:

  • Helps in setting up the general policy of the State in collaboration with the President of the Republic and controlling its implementation in accordance with the laws and republican decrees.
  • Directing, co-ordinating and following up the work of the ministries and their different administrations as well as public organizations and institutions.
  • Issuing administrative and executive decisions in accordance with the laws and decrees and supervising their implementation.
  • Preparing draft laws and decrees.
  • Preparing the draft of the general budget of the State.
  • Preparing the draft of the State's overall plan.
  • Contracting and granting loans in accordance with the rules of the Constitution.
  • Supervising the implementation of law, maintaining State security and protecting the rights of the citizens and the interests of the State.

Ministerial seniority and rank

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Traditionally, the cabinet comprises, in decreasing rank:

  • The Prime Minister, Head of the Egyptian government.
  • Deputy Prime Minister(s), historically one or more, mostly in addition to a ministry portfolio.
  • Ministers, Full Cabinet members. Currently there are 32 full ministers in this government.
  • Ministers of State, described as ‘junior ministers’, are assigned specific responsibilities or agencies. The portfolios of ministers of state are considerably more transient, as positions may be created and dissolved to suit specific short-term government priorities or the specific qualifications of candidates without alterations to the departmental structure, e.g. the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs.
  • Ministers without portfolio, ministers who do not head specific departments and occasionally attend cabinet meetings, e.g. former Minister without portfolio Omar Suleiman, the former Vice President of Egypt.
  • Chairmen of Departments, who head certain important departments that do not fall under the jurisdiction of any of the ministers and answer directly to the Prime Minister or the President of the Republic, e.g. The Chairman of the Suez Canal Authority and the Chairman of the State Information Service.
  • Ministers-Delegate, who assist ministers in areas of their duties and rarely attend cabinet meeting.

Ministerial criteria

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The following eligibility conditions must be met constitutionally by all ministers.

  • At least 30 years old natural-born Egyptian citizen, enjoying full civil and political rights.
  • A minister may not work in any independent work, commercial, financial or industrial while in office.

Recent history

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The interim cabinet of Essam Sharaf was sworn in on Monday 7 March 2011 by Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, head of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces & Minister of Defense.[1] In July 2011, Sharaf fired several ministers although the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces said he didn't have that power.[2] On 21 November 2011, the entire Cabinet offered to resign in the face of the second wave of protests.[3] On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed former prime minister Kamal Ganzouri to form a new government.[4] His government resigned on 26 June 2012 after the election of Mohamed Morsi as President of Egypt to make way for the new government.

Current Cabinet

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The cabinet of Egyptian Prime Minister Sherif Ismail was sworn in on 19 September 2015.[5] On June 5, 2018, every member of the Egyptian Cabinet submitted their letter of resignation, but would remain in caretaker capacity until a new cabinet is appointed.[6] On June 7, 2018, the Minister of Housing and Urban Utilities Mostafa Madbouly was appointed to succeed Ismail.[7] It was also reported the new government had dropped eight cabinet Ministers, including Minister of Antiquities Khaled Al-Anany, Minister of Manpower Mohamed Saafan, Minister of Irrigation Mohamed Abdel Aty, Minister of Health Ahmed Emaddin, Minister of Agriculture Abdel Moniem al-Banna, and Minister of Higher Education Khaled Abdel Ghaffa.[8] The proposed Cabinet has been accepted by the Egyptian Parliament.[9] The final list of candidates for ministerial posts in the Madbouly government was published on June 10, 2018, and includes Assem El-Gazar as minister of housing; Hala Zayed as minister of health; Yasmeen Fouad as minister of environment; Mohamed Eissa as minister of manpower; Amr Nassar as minister of trade and industry; Magdy Abo El-Ela as minister of justice, Hala El-Khatib or Ashraf Sobhy as minister of youth and sports; Mahmoud Shaarawy as minister of state for local development; and Mohamed Moiet as new minister of finance.[10] Eight women will serve as ministers of investment, planning, health, environment, social solidarity, immigration, tourism, and culture and the following ministers of Ismail's cabinet will remain in their positions: the ministers of petroleum, transportation, education, higher education, foreign affairs, interior, defence, military production, tourism, and parliamentary affairs[10]

On June 13, it was reported that Madbouly had selected 13 to 16 deputy ministers and that the new government would be sworn in on June 14.[11] On June 14, a new government consisting of 12 new ministers and 15 new deputy ministers was sworn in by Sisi.[12] Madbouly was also sworn in as Prime Minister[13] and will retain his role as Housing Minister as well.[12] It was reported that his government would issue its policy statement on June 23.[14][15][16][17] but parliamentary spokesman Salah Hassaballah later confirmed this to be incorrect.[18] On June 23, Hassaballah stated that while no date was now scheduled to present the policy statement before Parliament, he expected the Madbouly government to present it in the next week and that the government was unable to prepare it in time for the planned date.[18] Madbouly delivered his policy statement before the parliament on July 3.[19] The House of Representatives, the only legislative body in Egypt's unicameral parliament,[20] afterwards referred the matter to a special committee chaired by first deputy speaker Al-Sayed Al-Sherif,[21] which completed its review of the statement recommended a vote of confidence.[21] Following weeks of debate, the House approved Madbouly's Cabinet in a vote of confidence on July 25.[22][23]

List of cabinets

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President Anwar Sadat (1970 — 1981)

  1. First Mahmoud Fawzi Cabinet (October 1970 — November 1970)[24]
  2. Second Mahmoud Fawzi Cabinet (November 1970 — May 1971)[25]
  3. Third Mahmoud Fawzi Cabinet (May 1971 — January 1972)[26]
  4. Aziz Sidqi Cabinet (January 1972 — April 1974)[27]
  5. First Anwar Sadat Cabinet (April 1974 — September 1974)[28]
  6. Abdel Aziz Mohamed Higazi Cabinet (September 1974 — 1975)[29]
  7. First Mamdouh.Salem Cabinet (1975 — March 1976)[30]
  8. Second Mamdouh Salem Cabinet (March 1976 — November 1976)[31]
  9. Third Mamdouh Salem Cabinet (November 1976 - February 1977)[32]
  10. Forth Mamdouh Salem Cabinet (February 1977 — October 1977)[33]
  11. Fifth Mamdouh Salem Cabinet (October 1977 — May 1978)[34]
  12. Sixth Mamdouh Salem Cabinet (May 1978 — October 1978)[35]
  13. First Mostafa Khalil Cabinet (October 1978 — June 1979)[36]
  14. Second Mostafa Khalil Cabinet (June 1979 — May 1980)[37]
  15. Second Sadat Cabinet (May 1980 — October 1981),[38] first limited reshuffle,[39] second limited reshuffle.[40]

President Hosni Mubarak (1981— 2011)

  1. Hosni Mubarak Cabinet (October 1981 - 1982)[41]
  2. Fuad Mohiedin Cabinet (1982 — 1984)[42]
  3. Kamal Hassan Ali Cabinet (1984 — 1985)[43]
  4. Ali Lutfi Cabinet (1985 — 1986)[44]
  5. Atef Sedki Cabinet (Three cabinets, 1986 – 1996)
  6. First Ganzouri Cabinet (1996 – 1999)
  7. Atef Ebeid Cabinet (1999 — 2004)
  8. Ahmed Nazif Cabinet (2004 — 2011)
  9. Ahmed Shafik Cabinet (January 2011 — March 2011)

Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (2011 — 2012)

  1. Essam Sharaf Cabinet (2011 — 2011)
  2. Second Ganzouri Cabinet (2011 — 2012)

President Mohamed Morsi (2012 — 2013)

  1. Hisham Qandil Cabinet (2012 — 2013)

Interim president Adly Mansour (2013 — 2014)

  1. Hazem al-Beblawi Cabinet (2013 — 2014
  2. First Mahleb Cabinet (2014 — 2014)

President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi (2014 — )

  1. Second Mahleb Cabinet (2014 — 2015)
  2. Third Mahlab Cabinet (2015 — 2015)
  3. Sherif Ismail Cabinet (2015 — 2018)
  4. Mostafa Madbouly Cabinet (2018 — )

References

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  1. ^ Field Marshal Tantawi swears in interim cabinet, Al-Masry Al-Youm, 7 March 2011
  2. ^ Egypt's prime minister reshuffles cabinet in response to protests, Jack Shenker, 'The Guardian, 17 July 2011
  3. ^ Egypt’s Civilian Government Submits Offer to Resign, David D. Kirkpatrick and Liam Stack, The New York Times, 21 November 2011
  4. ^ Egypt military 'appoint Kamal Ganzouri as new PM', BBC News, 24 November 2011
  5. ^ "Egypt's Sherif Ismail cabinet with 16 new faces sworn in by President Sisi". Ahram Online. 19 September 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  6. ^ "Egypt's cabinet submits resignation to President Sisi: statement". Reuters. June 5, 2018 – via www.reuters.com.
  7. ^ "Sisi appoints Moustafa Madbouly as Premier". EgyptToday. 7 June 2018.
  8. ^ "New gov't's line-up replaces 8 ministers: Report". EgyptToday. 9 June 2018.
  9. ^ "Egypt's new PM Madbouly studies possibility of reducing number of ministries in new cabinet - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  10. ^ a b "Egypt new PM Madbouly settles on new cabinet; list to be presented to President Sisi Monday - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  11. ^ "New ministers to take oath Thursday: sources". EgyptToday. 13 June 2018.
  12. ^ a b "Egypt's President Sisi swears in new cabinet headed by PM Mostafa Madbouly - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  13. ^ "Egypt's New Cabinet Includes a Historic Number of 8 Female Ministers". June 14, 2018.
  14. ^ "Egypt's new PM Madbouly to deliver a policy statement before parliament on 23 June - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  15. ^ "Parliament to hear new Cabinet's program Saturday". EgyptToday. 19 June 2018.
  16. ^ "National security, price control, economic development are top priorities for Egypt's new cabinet - Economy - Business". Ahram Online.
  17. ^ "StackPath".
  18. ^ a b "Egypt new cabinet's policy statement before parliament expected next week - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  19. ^ "'The economic reform programme is 85% accomplished and it will pay off,' says Egypt PM in policy statement - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  20. ^ "Egypt Legislative branch - Government". Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2020-06-03.
  21. ^ a b "Egypt parliamentary committee recommends vote of confidence in new government - Politics - Egypt". Ahram Online.
  22. ^ "Sada el Balad: Egypt's parliament gives vote of confidence to Madbouly's Cabinet". Archived from the original on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  23. ^ "Egypt's House speaker congratulates gov't on winning vote of confidence". EgyptToday. 25 July 2018.
  24. ^ "Presidential Decree 1685/1970". The Official Gazette. 1970.
  25. ^ "Presidential Decree 1880/1970". The Official Gazette. 1970.
  26. ^ "Presidential Decree 780/1971". The Official Gazette. 1971.
  27. ^ "Presidential Decree 170/1972". The Official Gazette. 1972.
  28. ^ "Presidential Decree 610/1974". The Official Gazette. 1974.
  29. ^ "Presidential Decree 1535/1974". The Official Gazette. 1974.
  30. ^ "Presidential Decree 336/1975". The Official Gazette. 1975.
  31. ^ "Presidential Decree 275/1976" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1976.
  32. ^ "Presidential Decree 867/1976" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1976.
  33. ^ "Presidential Decree 61/1977" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1977.
  34. ^ "Presidential Decree 490/1977". The Official Gazette. 1977.
  35. ^ "Presidential Decree 211/1978". The Official Gazette. 1978.
  36. ^ "Presidential.Decree 470/1978". The Official Gazette. 1978.
  37. ^ "Presidential.Decree 276/1979" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1979.
  38. ^ "Presidential.Decree 208/1980" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1980.
  39. ^ "Presidential.Decree 22/1981". The Official Gazette. 1981.
  40. ^ "Presidential Decree 514/1981" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 1981.
  41. ^ "Presidential Decree 569/1981". The Official Gazette. 1981.
  42. ^ "Presidential Decree 428/1982". The Official Gazette. 1982.
  43. ^ "Presidential Decree 281/1984". The Official Gazette. 1984.
  44. ^ "Presidential Decree 360/1985". The Official Gazette. 1985.
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