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Cecilia Malmström

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Cecilia Malmström
European Commissioner for Trade
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 November 2014
PresidentJean-Claude Juncker
Preceded byKarel De Gucht
European Commissioner for Home Affairs
In office
9 February 2010 – 1 November 2014
PresidentJosé Manuel Barroso
Preceded byJacques Barrot
Succeeded byDimitris Avramopoulos (Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship)
Minister for European Union Affairs
In office
6 October 2006 – 22 January 2010
Prime MinisterFredrik Reinfeldt
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byBirgitta Ohlsson
Personal details
Born
Anna Cecilia Malmström

(1968-05-15) 15 May 1968 (age 56)
Stockholm, Sweden
Political party Swedish:
Liberal People's Party
 EU:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
SpouseErik Lagger
Children2
Alma materUniversity of Gothenburg
University of Paris
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
Malmström at the Gothenburg Book Fair, 2011

Anna Cecilia Malmström (born 15 May 1968) is a Swedish and European politician who has served as European Commissioner for Trade since 2014, having previously served as European Commissioner for Home Affairs from 2010 to 2014.

Prior to her appointment as a Commissioner, she had served as a Member of the European Parliament 1999–2006 and as Swedish Minister for European Union Affairs 2006–2010. She is a member of the Swedish Liberal Party, a constituent member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Early life

Cecilia Malmström was born in Brännkyrka parish in Stockholm and grew up in Gothenburg.

She was a student at the University of Gothenburg from 1992 to 1999, becoming a research assistant (1994). She then gained a PhD in political science with a thesis titled The Region, the Power and the Glory: Regional Parties in Western Europe[1] (1998), and became a senior lecturer at the Department of Political Science at the University of Gothenburg (1998–99).[2] Her thesis was on regional parties in western Europe, focusing on Catalonia (Spain) and northern Italy.[3] She has researched and taught in the fields of European politics, regionalism, immigration and terrorism.

Malmström has also worked in Stuttgart and in Barcelona.

She is fluent in Swedish, English, Spanish and French, and has intermediate skills in German and Italian.

Political career

Malmström has been a member of the Liberal Party since the late 1980s, sitting as party executive since 1997, and was a member of the Västra Götaland Regional Council from 1998 to 2001. In 2007, when Jan Björklund was elected party leader, she was appointed first vice party chairman.

Member of the European Parliament, 1999–2006

In 1999, Malmström was elected as an MEP for Sweden and she was re-elected again in 2004. During her tenure she served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Constitutional Affairs, the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and also on the subcommittees for Human Rights and Security & Defence. In addition, she served as vice-chair of the parliament's delegations to Hungary (before it joined in 2004) and Croatia.

As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Malmström wrote a critical report on the EU’s Russia strategy. In 2002 she became the Liberal group’s spokeswoman on foreign affairs.[3] She nominated Cuban dissident Oswaldo Payá for the Sakharov Prize, which he received from the Parliament in 2002.[3]

During her time as an MEP, Malmström initiated the oneseat.eu web campaign,[4] which aims to make Brussels the permanent seat of the European Parliament. It was the first such petition to gain one million signatures, a nod to the right of petition under the Treaty of Lisbon.

In 2010, Malmström and nine fellow MEPs – including Nick Clegg and Helle Thorning-Schmidt – founded the Campaign for Parliamentary Reform (CPR) to press for changes to the way the European Parliament functions on a day-to-day basis.[5] She has also campaigned for greater public access to official documents.[6]

Swedish Minister for European Affairs, 2006–2010

Following the 2006 Swedish elections which saw the victory of the centre-right coalition of Fredrik Reinfeldt, Malmström returned to Sweden to take up the job of Minister for European Affairs in Prime Minister Reinfeldt's cabinet, on 6 October 2006. Her responsibilities included institutional issues, review of the EU budget, Baltic Sea Strategy, the Lisbon Strategy and coordinating the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2009.

Malmström supports Swedish adoption of the euro currency, and in August 2007 she was one of the politicians calling for another referendum on euro membership (the first was in 2003). "We respect the result of the referendum, of course, but still think that one should be able to argue for something one believes in ... A lot had changed since the 2003 referendum ... Slovenia has joined, Malta and Cyprus are joining at the beginning of next year. Next year, at least two Baltic countries will join. In 2010–11 there could be eight or nine new members. The more members there are, the greater the political price of being outside, because we can't make a difference ... Sweden had lost out economically by not joining the single European currency." She cited a report from the National Board of Trade: "We have lost 100 billion kronor in exports and the same amount in imports. Our trade with the eurozone would have been 13–14 percent greater if we had been members."[7]

Member of the European Commission, 2010–present

European Commissioner for Home Affairs, 2010–2014

On 17 November 2009 Malmström was nominated by her government as Sweden's next European Commissioner.[8] In his nomination, Prime Minister Reinfeldt also said that Carl Bildt, the foreign minister, was not nominated because it was unlikely that a Swede would be appointed to the post of President of the European Council or as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.[8]

The President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso offered Malmström the role of Commissioner for Home Affairs, which was created as a result of a liberal demand to split the previous portfolio, which had also included human rights. Despite this post being security oriented, Commissioner Malmström made clear to the Members of the European Parliament that she would not be a bad cop to the fundamental rights portfolio's good cop. She was approved by MEPs, and took up the post on 10 February 2010.[9]

One of her first initiatives as a Commissioner of the European Union was to propose a directive advocating stronger sanctions against sexual abuse of children,[10] in which one of the proposals was to create a duty for EU member states to block access to child pornography on the Internet.[11] Critics interpret that as the creation of a net censorship infrastructure which would not help children, but would indeed be counterproductive[12] and a dangerous threat to democracy.[13] NGOs working for children's rights, such as Save the Children and NSPCC, have, however, defended the proposal.[14] Malmström was quickly rewarded with the nickname 'Censilia' on the social web and in – mostly German – dailies,[15][16][17] a portmanteau word blending the word "censorship" and her given name (“Cecilia”), in imitation of the "Zensursula" nickname of the German minister Ursula von der Leyen who failed to establish similar filtering techniques in Germany following a decision to prioritize the deletion of illegal websites.

At the same period (March 2010), in pursuit of her efforts to strengthen the safety and security of European citizens, Malmström secured a political agreement between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission to implement Article 10 of the United Nations' Firearms Protocol that combats the trafficking of illicit civilian firearms.[18]

On 11 March 2011, during the Seventh European Day of Remembrance of Victims of Terrorism, at a conference on "The role of Victims of Terrorism in preventing violent radicalization", which was held in Brussels, Malmström gave a speech setting out the devastating effects of terrorism on a personal as well as on a state level,[19] closing with the announcement of the forthcoming (R.A.N.) project (see next paragraph).

In September 2011, Malmström officially launched the Radicalisation Awareness Network (R.A.N.),[20] a project aimed at tackling terrorism and violent extremism through preventive measures, rather than through confrontation. The project comes as an additional tool of the EU's Counter-Terrorism and Measures to Combat Radicalisation and Recruitment to Terrorism Strategies.

Less than a year later, the project had become a pan-European network of scientists, psychologists, NGOs, victims of terrorism, religious leaders, representatives of civil society and police officers, together with an advisory board.[21]

On 2 May 2012, Malmström gave a lecture to students and professors at Harvard University on immigration and asylum, discussing with her audience various issues related to integration, terrorism and human trafficking, as well as the European crisis. The visit in Cambridge was followed by a meeting with the US Attorney General Eric Holder in Washington D.C. and an evening at the F.B.I., where there was a major exchange of views about the planning of the forthcoming European Cybercrime Centre (E.C.3).[22] Malmström's short trip in the US was completed with a speech on Cyber Security at a Conference in the C.S.I.S..

On 26 November 2012, together with Rob Wainwright, director of Europol, Malmström announced the launch of the new European Financial Coalition against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Online.[23][24] The aims of the Coalition are to support international law enforcement investigations wherever possible through co-operation with private stakeholders; to assess and study commercial child sexual exploitation on the Internet through all kinds of Internet environments, such as hosting services and newsgroups; to help protect legitimate private business interests from possible misuse of their services by criminals aiming to distribute child sexual abuse content through different information and communication technologies; to enable law enforcement and private companies to counteract the problem through training and resource-sharing; and to keep decision makers informed and raise awareness among the public.

On 5 December 2012 on a conference held in Brussels, Belgium, under the High Patronage of Her Majesty Queen Paola of Belgium,[25] Malmström and US Attorney General Eric Holder launched the Global Alliance against Child Sexual Abuse Online.

The alliance, which met strong support from Wainwright,[26] is an initiative aimed at uniting decision-makers all around the world, in order to improve the identification of, and assistance to, victims, and the prosecution of the perpetrators. The alliance is one of the greatest projects ever created in this field, as its participants include 48 nations worldwide (The 27 EU member states, as well as 21 non EU countries – Albania, Australia, Cambodia, Croatia, Georgia, Ghana, Japan, Moldova, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, the Philippines, Serbia, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and Vietnam).

On 11 January 2013, Wainwright and Malmström officially launched the European Cybercrime Centre (EC3), which is aiming to tackle cybercrime:

  • committed by organised groups to generate large criminal profits, such as online fraud
  • causing serious harm to the victim, such as online child sexual exploitation
  • affecting critical infrastructure and information systems in the EU

Malmström assumed the duties of EU Commissioner for Trade on 1 November 2014, as a member of the Juncker Commission.

European Commissioner for Trade, 2014–present

In July 2014, the Swedish government Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt nominated Malmström for a second term as European Commissioner. By September, the European Parliament gave its support to her nomination.[27] She assumed the duties of EU Commissioner for Trade on 1 November 2014, as a member of the Juncker Commission.[28]

Already in her nomination hearing, amid the Ukrainian crisis, Malmström rejected Russia’s demands for amendments to a free-trade agreement between the EU and Ukraine.[29] In December 2015, she failed in her final attempt to reach a breakthrough over Russia’s concerns, some of which were contrary to European and World Trade Organization rules.[30]

The mission letter for Malmström’s position also includes, as one of her key duties, the "successful conclusion" of the controversial trade negotiations with the USA, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), though with a number of restrictions and confinements to the negotiation mandate to address European public concerns over TTIP.[31] Having expressed a view strongly in favour of the treaty,[32] she tried to revive the negotiations with the USA two weeks after entering office.[33]

Despite claims of an "unprecedented level of transparency", the current documents cannot be read by all parliaments of EU member states, such as the German Bundestag, or political leaders such as vice chancellor Sigmar Gabriel.[34] After an estimated three million signatures collected for an opposing initiative, plus massive demonstrations, including one in Berlin in October 2015 opposing TTIP and CET,[35] and the largest protest since the Iraq War, Malmström claimed that the "silent majority [of Europeans]" were in favor of the treaty.[36]

In May 2015, Malmström and Turkish Economy Minister Nihat Zeybekci announced a framework for broadening the European Union–Turkey Customs Union, extending it to include services, government contracting and most agricultural goods.[37] Also under her leadership, the EU finalized the negotiations on a major trade agreement with Vietnam in August 2015, removing 99 per cent of tariffs between Europe and Vietnam over the following decade as well as non-tariff barriers to trade, services, investment, intellectual property, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, government procurement, dispute settlement and sustainable development.[38][39]

Controversy

In a discussion with John Hilary, the executive director of War on Want, which he wrote about in the The Independent on October 12, 2015, Malmström reportedly acknowledged "that a trade deal has never inspired such passionate and widespread opposition" and is reported to have commented: "I do not take my mandate from the European people."[40] Malmström later denied having said this, calling it a "fabricated quote" extrapolated from her explanations about the TTIP negotiation mandate, which is determined by the European governments and not by the Europeans themselves.[41] She also argued before the European Parliament that she did take her mandate from the European people since she was approved as Commissioner by the MEPs who represent them.[42] Hilary did not retract his version of the story.[41]

Personal life

Malmström is married with children. She lives in Brussels, Belgium.[43] She is the author of several books, articles and essays on regional parties, regionalism, Spanish politics, European politics, immigration and terrorism.

C.V.

Education

Career

  • 1989–1992: Psychiatric nurse, Lillhagen Hospital
  • 1991–1992: Teacher of social studies, municipal adult education service
  • 1992–1999: Researcher at Gothenburg University
  • 1998–2001: Member of Västra Götaland regional council
  • 1999–2006: Member of the European Parliament
  • since 1999: Member of the Swedish Institute for International Affairs (Utrikespolitiska samfundet)
  • 1999–2006: Member of the EP Committee on Foreign Affairs
  • 1999–2004: Member of the EP Committee on Constitutional Affairs
  • 1999–2004: Vice-Chairwoman of the EP Delegation to the EU-Hungary Joint Parliamentary Committee
  • 1999–2006: Member of the ELDR/ALDE Group Bureau
  • 2002–2004: ELDR Group spokeswoman on foreign affairs
  • 2006-2010: Minister of European Affairs in Sweden
  • 2010-2014: European Commissioner for Home Affairs Barroso II Commission
  • since 2014: European Commissioner for Trade Juncker Commission

References

  1. ^ Regionen, makten och härligheten : regionala partier i Västeuropa.
  2. ^ "CECILIA MALMSTRÖM - CURRICULUM VITAE" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Bengt Ljung (June 17, 2009), Cecilia Malmström – Sociable Swede European Voice.
  4. ^ "Oneseat campaign". Oneseat.eu.
  5. ^ Martin Banks (January 28, 2004), MEP candidates urged to sign reform pledge European Voice.
  6. ^ Doubts raised over public register timetable European Voice, February 27, 2002.
  7. ^ “Alliance rejects Liberal calls for euro vote”. The Local. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  8. ^ a b Jarle Hetland and Simon Taylor (November 17, 2009), Sweden nominates Malmström as commissioner European Voice.
  9. ^ Toby Vogel (February 10, 2010), New team takes office European Voice.
  10. ^ "Press Release – European Commission wants stronger sanctions against child sexual abuse, sexual exploitation and child pornography". Europa (web portal).
  11. ^ "Press Release – Commissioner Malmström welcomes political agreement on the Directive on combating sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of children and child pornography". Europa (web portal).
  12. ^ McNamee, Joe (29 March 2010). “Pointless action on child pornography”. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
  13. ^ Lehmann, Alexander: “Cleanternet.org – for a cleaner and safer Internet”. Clip on Cleanternet.org. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  14. ^ [1] Archived 20 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Borchers, Detlev (30 March 2010). “Sie tappt im Dunkeln”. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 31 March 2010. (German)
  16. ^ Güßgen, Florian (30 March 2010). “Schwarz-Gelb muss Brüssel Paroli bieten”. Der Stern. Retrieved 31 March 2010. (German)
  17. ^ “Aus Zensursula wird Censilia”. Frankfurter Rundschau. Retrieved 30 March 2010. (German)
  18. ^ "Press Release – Commissioner Malmström welcomes political agreement on stricter rules to combat illicit trafficking of civilian firearms". Europa (web portal).
  19. ^ "Press Release – Member of the European Commission responsible for Home Affairs VII European Day on Remembrance of Victims of Terrorism Conference on "The role of Victims of Terrorism in preventing violent radicalization" Brussels, 11 March 2011". Europa (web portal).
  20. ^ "DGs – Home Affairs – What we do – Networks – Radicalisation Awareness Network". European Commission.
  21. ^ "Prevention of radicalisation – European Commission". European Commission. 17 July 2012.
  22. ^ "Cybercrime discussions in Washington – European Commission". European Commission. 17 June 2012.
  23. ^ "European Financial Coalition against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Online launched". The Sofia Globe.
  24. ^ http://eurojust.europa.eu/press/News/News/Pages/EFC-launch.aspx
  25. ^ "Eric Holder To Help Launch Alliance Against Pedophilia". Huffington Post. 4 December 2012.
  26. ^ "Safernet – Hotline for a safer Internet". Safernet.ro.
  27. ^ Andrew Gardner (September 30, 2014), MEPs give backing to Malmström European Voice.
  28. ^ Cynthia Kroet (July 31, 2014), Sweden nominates Malmström as commissioner European Voice.
  29. ^ Robin Emmott (September 29, 2014), Russia cannot change EU-Ukraine deal: EU trade nominee Reuters.
  30. ^ Ian Wishart (December 21, 2015), EU Fails to Reach Agreement With Russia Over Europe-Ukraine FTA Bloomberg Business.
  31. ^ Malmström Mission Letter as the Commissioner for Trade of the Juncker Commission, (2014-11-01) - accessed (2014-11-27)
  32. ^ [2] Guardian, accessed (2015-2-16)]
  33. ^ Malmström attempts to revive EU-US trade talks, EU Observer (2014-11-18) - accessed (2014-11-27)
  34. ^ "Transparency in TTIP".
  35. ^ "Thousands take to Berlin to protest EU-US TTIP accord".
  36. ^ "Malmström: "A silent majority is for TTIP"".
  37. ^ Matthew Dalton and Emre Peker (May 12, 2015), EU and Turkey to Expand Customs Union Wall Street Journal.
  38. ^ Christian Oliver (August 4, 2015), Brussels seals trade accord with Vietnam Financial Times.
  39. ^ Jonathan Stearns (August 4, 2015), EU, Vietnam Reach Free-Trade Deal That May Take Effect End-2017 Bloomberg Business.
  40. ^ "John Hilary: "I didn't think TTIP could get any scarier, but then I spoke to the EU official in charge of it"".
  41. ^ a b "EU Trade Commissioner claims War on Want leader 'fabricated' TTIP quote". The Independent. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  42. ^ David Campbell Bannerman MEP Channel (16 October 2015), EU Trade Commissioner Claims Charity Leader Fabricated Quote, retrieved 18 May 2016
  43. ^ "About me: Biography". European Commission - Cecilia Malmström. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
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Political offices
Preceded by
Position established
 Minister for European Union Affairs
2006–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Council of the European Union
2009–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Swedish European Commissioner
2010–present 		Incumbent
Preceded byas European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security European Commissioner for Home Affairs
2010–2014 		Succeeded byas European Commissioner for Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship
Preceded by European Commissioner for Trade
2014–present 		Incumbent
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