Central Kalimantan
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Central Kalimantan
Kalimantan Tengah | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Motto(s): Isen Mulang (Sangen) (Never Retreat) | |
 Location of Central Kalimantan in Indonesia. | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Capital |  Palangkaraya |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Agustin Teras Narang (PDI-P) |
| • Vice Governor | Achmad Diran |
| Area | |
| • Total | 153,564.5 km2 (59,291.6 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 2nd |
| Population (2014)[1] | |
| • Total | 2,368,654 |
| • Density | 15/km2 (40/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | 46.2% Dayak 21.67% Javanese 21.03% Banjarese 3.96% Malay 1.93% Madurese 1.29% Sundanese 0.77% Bugis 0.56% Batak 0.38% Flores 0.33% Balinese 1.44% Others[3] |
| • Religion[citation needed] | 74.3% Islam 16.4% Protestant 10.7% Hindu 3.1% Catholic 0.1% Buddhism 0.1% other |
| • Languages | Indonesian (official) Malay Bugis Dayak Chinese (Hakka and Teochew) |
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) |
| Vehicle registration | KH |
| HDI |  0.677 (Medium)
|
| HDI rank | 20th (2014) |
| Website | www.kalteng.go.id |
Central Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Tengah), is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangkaraya and in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million,[1] while the latest official estimate (for January 2014) is 2,368,654.
The population growth rate was almost 3.0% per annum between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010 the average annual growth rate slowed markedly to around 1.8%. More than is the case in other province in the region, Central Kalimantan is populated by the Dayaks, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.
History
Since the eighteenth century the central region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of Banjar. Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a province separate from South Kalimantan province.[4]
In 1957 South Kalimantan was divided to provide the Dayak population with greater autonomy from the Muslim population in the province. The change was approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No. 10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik Riwut as the first Governor and Palangkaraya the provincial capital.[5]
The three major Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan are the Ngaju, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan, Taboyan, Dusun Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.
In addition to the indigenous Dayak tribes, the province also groups from other areas of Indonesia, including Javanese, Maduranese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 701,936 | — |
| 1980 | 954,353 | +36.0% |
| 1990 | 1,396,486 | +46.3% |
| 1995 | 1,627,453 | +16.5% |
| 2000 | 1,801,965 | +10.7% |
| 2010 | 2,212,089 | +22.8% |
| 2014 | 2,368,654 | +7.1% |
| Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2014 | ||
Geography
Central Kalimantan is the third largest Indonesian province by area with a size of 153,564.5 km2, about 1.5 times the size of the island of Java. It is bordered by West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west.
The Schwaner Mountains stretch from the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers, and traditional agriculture land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible. Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang, Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.
The centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan, resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau National Park is a protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the endangered Orangutan. Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice Project, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice paddies.
The province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776 - 3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.[citation needed]
Rivers
|
Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from the catchment areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains, flowing to the Java Sea. The major rivers include:
- Barito River (900 km)
- Kapuas River (600 km)
- Kahayan River (600 km)
- Katingan River (600 km)
- Mentaya (Sempit) River (400 km)
- Seruyan River (350 km)
- Lamandau River (300 km)
- Arut River (250 km)
- Sabangau River (200 km)
- Kumai River (179 km)
- Jelai River (100 km)
Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the province's economy relies heavily on the rivers.[citation needed]
Administrative divisions
Central Kalimantan is administratively divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) - each headed by a regent - and one city (kotamayda), the latter being Palangka Raya (the provincial capital). These are as follows:
| Name | Area in Sq. km |
Population 2000 Census |
Population 2010 Census |
Population Estimate 2014 |
Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palangkaraya City | 2,399.50 | 158,770 | 220,962 | 236,601 | Palangkaraya |
| East Barito Regency (Barito Timur) |
3,834.00 | 71,907 | 97,372 | 104,712 | Tamiang Layang |
| East Kotawaringin Regency (Kotawaringin Timur) |
16,796.00 | 308,765 | 374,175 | 400,658 | Sampit |
| Gunung Mas Regency | 10,805.00 | 74,823 | 96,900 | 103,855 | Kuala Kurun |
| Kapuas Regency | 14,999.00 | 325,243 | 329,646 | 352,977 | Kuala Kapuas |
| Katingan Regency | 17,500.00 | 121,047 | 146,439 | 156,804 | Kasongan |
| Lamandau Regency | 6,414.00 | 47,969 | 63,199 | 67,672 | Nanga Bulik |
| Murung Raya Regency | 23,700.00 | 74,050 | 96,857 | 103,712 | Purukcahu |
| North Barito Regency (Barito Utara) |
8,300.00 | 109,273 | 121,573 | 130,178 | Muara Teweh |
| Pulang Pisau Regency | 8,997.00 | 111,488 | 120,062 | 128,560 | Pulang Pisau |
| Seruyan Regency | 16,404.00 | 92,037 | 139,931 | 149,835 | Kuala Pembuang |
| South Barito Regency (Barito Selatan) |
8,830.00 | 108,560 | 124,128 | 132,913 | Buntok |
| Sukamara Regency | 3,827.00 | 29,561 | 44,952 | 48,134 | Sukamara |
| West Kotawaringin Regency (Kotawaringin Barat) |
10,759.00 | 168,472 | 235,803 | 252,492 | Pangkalan Bun |
| Totals | 153,564.50 | 1,801,965 | 2,212,089 | 2,368,654 |
In addition to the civil service, Central Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional leaders known as Demang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs and heritage of the Dayak tribes.[citation needed]
Railroads
Russia will build railroads from Central Kalimantan to East Kalimantan for coal transportation with estimated cost of US$2.4 billion. [6]
See also
- Deforestation in Borneo
- Fauna of Borneo
- Heart of Borneo
- Official statistics for the province, provided by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, may be accessed (Indonesian language) at Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah.
References
- ^ a b Template:Id Central Bureau of Statistics: Census 2010 Template:Wayback, retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ^ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003.
- ^ Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M. Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, dan Agus Pramono (2015). Demography of Indonesia’s Ethnicity. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan BPS – Statistics Indonesia.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Profile Central Kalimantan Province. Central Kalimantan Province Tourism and Culture Board. September 2001.
- ^ Riwut, Nila; et al. (October 2003). Maneser Panatau Tatu Huang. Pusaka Lima. ISBN 979-97999-1-0.
- ^ Russian firm signs MoU to build $2.4 billion railway
External links
Capital: Palangka Raya | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||
