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Chen (surname)

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Chen / Chan
Chen surname in regular script
PronunciationChén (Pinyin)
Tan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
Language(s)Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Korean
Origin
Language(s)Old Chinese
DerivationChen (state)
Other names
Variant form(s)Chen (Mandarin)
Tan (Hokkien, Teochew)
Chan (Cantonese)
Chin (Taishanese, Hakka, Japanese)
Zen (Wu)
Ding (Gan)
Jin (Korean)
Trần (Vietnamese)
Derivative(s)Trần, Jin (Korean name),
Sae-Tang Sae-Chen Sae-Chin Sae-Tan Sae-Chin (Thai name)

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Chen ([ʈʂʰə̌n]) (simplified Chinese: 陈; traditional Chinese: 陳; pinyin: Chén; Wade–Giles: Ch'en) is one of the most common East Asian surnames of Chinese origin. It ranks as the 5th most common surname in China, as of 2007[1] and the most common surname in Singapore (2000)[2] and Taiwan (2010).[3] Chen is also the most common family name in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hong Kong (spelt Chan in Hong Kong and Macau). It is the most common surname in Xiamen, the ancestral hometown of many overseas Hoklo.[4] Besides 陳/陈, an uncommon Chinese surname 諶/谌 is also romanized as Chen.

It is usually romanised as Chan in Cantonese, most widely used by those from Hong Kong, and sometimes as Chun. The surname Chen is also used in Hong Kong Cantonese, but not as often. The spelling, Chan, is widely used in Macao and Malaysia. In Min (including dialects of Chaoshan (Teochew), Hainan, Fujian, and Taiwan), the name is pronounced Tan. In Hakka and Taishanese, the name is spelled Gin. Some other Romanisations include Zen (from Wu), Ding and Chern. Chen can be variously spelt Tan, Chan or Chin in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries.

The Korean surname 진 (Jin) is the Korean pronunciation of the same character. In Japanese, the surname is transliterated Chin.

In Vietnam, this surname is written in Quốc Ngữ as Trần and it is the second most common surname.

History

The Chen Clan Academy in Guangzhou, China

Chen was derived from Gui (媯), the surname of the descendants of the legendary sage king Emperor Shun. When King Wu of Zhou established the Zhou dynasty in 1046/45 BC, he enfeoffed his son-in-law Gui Man (Duke Hu of Chen), who was said to be a descendant of Emperor Shun, at the State of Chen, in modern Huaiyang County, Henan Province. Chen was conquered by Chu in 479 BC, and the people of Chen adopted the name of their former state as their surname.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties period (420-589), Chen Baxian established the Chen Dynasty (557-589), the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties, which was eventually destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. It was also during this period that nomadically-cultured Xianbei people had systematically assimilated into China's agrarian culture, and adopted Chinese surnames under the state directives of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei; the Xianbei subjects whose surname of "侯莫陳" (Hóumòchén) were converted to "陳" (Chen).[5]

The Chinese region of Fujian was the original home of a Chen clan before that migrated under "Trần Kinh" 陳京 (Chén Jīng) to Dai Viet and whose descendants established the Tran dynasty which ruled Vietnam (Dai Viet), and certain members of the clan could still speak Chinese such as when a Yuan dynasty envoy had a meeting with the Chinese speaking Tran Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn in 1282.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Other pronunciations and transliterations

Notable people surnamed 陳

Historical figures

Dynasties

Modern figures

Note: this list is ordered by given name commonly used in English, regardless of spelling of surname and name order.

Fictional

Notable people surnamed 諶

References

  1. ^ "公安部统计显示王姓成为我国第一大姓_新闻中心_新浪网". News.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  2. ^ "Statistics Singapore - Popular Chinese Surnames in Singapore". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 23 February 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Common Chinese Names". Technology.chtsai.org. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  4. ^ 厦门第一大姓陈氏：先辈300万贯钱买厦门岛. China Review News (in Chinese). 1 October 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  5. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20040910153654/http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/twain/1279/royalhouse/xianbei/xianbeiname.htm
  6. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 120.
  7. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 103.
  8. ^ ed. Hall 2008, p. 159.
  9. ^ eds. Dutton & Werner & Whitmore 2013 .
  10. ^ Gunn 2011, p. 112.
  11. ^ Embree & Lewis 1988, p. 190.
  12. ^ Woodside 1971, p. 8.
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