Frankfurt (Oder)

This article is about the town in Brandenburg. For the city in Hesse, see Frankfurt. For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation).

Frankfurt
Town
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Frankfurt (Oder)
Country	Germany
State	Brandenburg
District	Urban district
Government
• Lord mayor	Martin Wilke (Ind.)
Area
• Total	147.61 km2 (56.99 sq mi)
Highest elevation	135 m (443 ft)
Lowest elevation	19 m (62 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)
• Total	58,230
• Density	390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	15201–15236
Dialling codes	0335
Vehicle registration	FF
Website	www.frankfurt-oder.de

Frankfurt, 16th century

Frankfurt and Słubice next to each other.

View from the Oderturm

Frankfurt (Oder) (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁaŋkfʊɐt], Template:Lang-de, abbreviated Frankfurt a. d. Oder, Frankfurt a. d. O., Frankf. a. d. O.) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River, on the German-Polish border directly opposite the town of Słubice, which was part of Frankfurt until 1945. At the end of the 1980s, it reached a population peak with more than 87,000 inhabitants. The number dropped below 70,000 in 2002 and was just above 60,000 in 2010.

The official name Frankfurt (Oder) and the older Frankfurt an der Oder are used to distinguish it from the larger city of Frankfurt am Main.

History

The town of Frankfurt received its charter in 1253 at the Brandendamm, although the settlement is probably considerably older. The early settlers lived on the western banks of the Oder; later the town was extended to the eastern bank (today's Słubice). In late medieval times, the town dominated the river trade between Breslau (Wrocław) and Stettin (Szczecin). In 1430, Frankfurt joined the Hanseatic League, but was a member for only a short time.

In April 1631, during the Thirty Years' War, Frankfurt was the site of the Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder between the Swedish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. After a two-day siege, Swedish forces, supported by Scottish auxiliaries, stormed the town. The result was a Swedish victory.

The city was briefly occupied by the Russian Imperial Army during the Seven Years' War, in August 1759, in the prelude to the battle of Kunersdorf.

With the dissolution of the Margraviate of Brandenburg during the Napoleonic Wars, Frankfurt became part of the Province of Brandenburg in 1815. In the 19th century, Frankfurt played an important role in trade. Centrally positioned in the Kingdom of Prussia between Berlin and Poznań, on the river Oder with its heavy traffic, the town housed the second-largest annual trade fair (Messe) of the German Reich, surpassed only by that in Leipzig.

There was no fighting for the town in 1945 during World War II even though the town was declared a fortress (Festung) in an attempt to block the Red Army's route to Berlin. The nearly empty town was burned down. The postwar German-Polish border ran along the Oder, separating the Dammvorstadt on the eastern bank - which became the Polish town of Słubice - from the rest of Frankfurt. While part of communist East Germany, Frankfurt was administered within Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder). It became part of the reconstituted state of Brandenburg with German reunification in 1990.

Today, Frankfurt and Słubice have friendly relations and run several common projects and facilities. Poland joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, and implemented the Schengen Agreement on December 21, 2007 leading to the removal of permanent border controls.

In the post-communist era, Frankfurt has suffered from high unemployment and low economic growth. Its population has fallen significantly from around 87,000 at the time of German reunification in 1990.

FC Viktoria Frankfurt is the town's local football team.

In March 2008, the Jewish community of Frankfurt celebrated its first Torah dedication since the Holocaust. The procession of the new Torah scroll began from the spot where the town's Frankfurter Synagogue stood prior to World War II, 500 meters from Germany's current border with Poland. Celebrants marched with the scroll into the town's Chabad-Lubavitch centre, where they danced with the Torah, which had been donated by members of the Chabad-Lubavitch community in Berlin.

Demography

• 
  Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
• 
  Recent Population Development (Blue Line) and Forecasts

Frankfurt (Oder):
Population development within the current boundaries (2013)

Year Population 1875 43 491 1890 50 108 1910 59 905 1925 62 044 1933 65 717 1939 66 962 1946 54 153 1950 55 514 1964 60 163 1971 64 484

Year Population 1981 81 009 1985 85 593 1989 87 126 1990 86 171 1991 85 357 1992 84 937 1993 83 850 1994 82 323 1995 80 807 1996 79 784

Year Population 1997 77 891 1998 75 710 1999 73 832 2000 72 131 2001 70 308 2002 68 351 2003 67 014 2004 65 242 2005 63 748 2006 62 594

Year Population 2007 61 969 2008 61 286 2009 60 625 2010 60 330 2011 59 063 2012 58 537 2013 58 018

European university

Main article: Viadrina European University

The Margraviate of Brandenburg's first university was Frankfurt's Alma Mater Viadrina, founded in 1506 by Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg. An early chancellor, Bishop Georg von Blumenthal (1490–1550), was a notable opponent of the Protestant Reformation, as he remained a Catholic. Frankfurt also trained the noted archbishop Albert of Brandenburg around 1510, who also became a vocal opponent of the Reformation. The university was closed in 1811, and its assets divided between two new universities founded under King Frederick William III: Frederick William University of Berlin, presently Humboldt University; and Silesian Frederick William University in Breslau, presently the University of Wrocław.

The university was refounded in 1991 with a European emphasis as the Viadrina European University, in close cooperation with the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; they jointly run the Collegium Polonicum in Słubice.

International relations

Frankfurt (Oder), being located on the border to Poland, plays a special role in connection with German-Polish relations and European integration. The European University Viadrina has one of its buildings in Poland, in the neighbouring town of Słubice. The university also has a number of projects and initiatives dedicated to bringing Poland and Germany together, and offers its students pro bono Polish courses. Another project that contributes to German-Polish integration in Frankfurt (Oder) is the fforst house, a German-Polish student project, which has been granted support by the town's administration and by the Viadrina, having been described by the former president of the university, Gesine Schwan, as the place where "Europe begins".

Twin towns and sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Frankfurt (Oder) is twinned with:

Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland, since 1975 Słubice, Poland, since 1975 Nîmes, France, since 1976 Vantaa, Finland, since 1987 Heilbronn, Germany, since 1988

Vitebsk, Belarus, since 1991 Kadima, Israel, since 1997 Yuma, United States, since 1997 Scandicci, Italy Vratsa, Bulgaria, since 2009

Films set in Frankfurt

In recent years, Frankfurt has been the setting for several notable German films:

• Halbe Treppe (Grill Point, 2002)
• Lichter (Distant Lights, 2003)
• Die Kinder sind tot (The Children Are Dead, a documentary about a 1999 murder-by-neglect in Frankfurt, 2004)
• No Exit (2004, documentary about Neo-Nazis)
• Kombat Sechzehn (Combat Sixteen, 2005)

Gallery

• 
  The Gothic town hall
• 
  Viadrina European University, with the tower of the Marienkirche
• 
  The town archives and the C.P.E. Bach Concert Hall
• 
  The Oderturm, tallest building in Frankfurt an der Oder
• 
  The neo-Gothic post office
• 
  The Friedenskirche
• 
  The Oder bridge linking Frankfurt with Słubice
• 
  View of northern Frankfurt river front
• 
  Main railway station
• 
  Große Scharrnstraße, rebuilt in the late 1980s
• 
  The Paulinenhof settlement, built in the 1920s for railway employees
• 
  Old East German passport stamp from Frankfurt (Oder).
• 
  Reunified Germany passport stamp from same border crossing.
• 
  Schengen passport stamp for the same border crossing.
• 
  The Flutstein, Oderpromenade.
• Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder
  Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder

See also

• Helenesee
• Stadtarchiv Frankfurt (Oder)
• Trams in Frankfurt (Oder)

Bibliography

• Bröckling, Ulrich; Sikora, Michael (1998). Armeen und ihre Deserteure: Vernachlässigte Kapital einer Militärgeschichte der Neuzeit (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-01365-5. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
• Mackillop, Andrew; Murdoch, Steve (2003). Military governors and imperial frontiers c. 1600-1800: A study of Scotland and empires. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-12970-7. Retrieved 2009-08-27.

External links

• Frankfurt an der Oder travel guide from Wikivoyage
• The City of Frankfurt (Oder) has a website (available in English translation as well as in German and in Polish) with some limited commerce and cultural information.
• Slubice.pl - official site of Frankfurt's border town Słubice
• Frankfurt.pl & Slubice.de - a student project
• Tram-ff.de
• "Frankfort-on-the-Oder" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
• "Frankfort-on-the-Oder" . Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.