Gender feminism

Gender feminism is a term used in relation to other forms of feminism. According to Wendy McElroy and Christina Hoff Sommers, gender or political feminism is defined in opposition to individualist feminism.^[1]^[2]^{[unreliable source?]}

The term was used especially in the early 1990s^[3]^[4]^[5] to refer to some different concepts. It has been used to distinguish perceived radical feminism in comparison to liberal feminism.^[3] It has also been used in relation to some feminists' arguments about gendering and other topics: that all cognition is gendered and that all knowledge is gendered.^[4]

A category of anti-gender feminism has also been described.^[5]

References

^ McElroy, Wendy (2002). Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the 21st century. Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-56663-435-9. Ideologically speaking, individualist and radical or gender feminism are mirror images of each other
^ Sommers, Christina Hoff (1995). Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 320. ISBN 0-684-80156-6.
^ ^a ^b Beckwith, Francis J. (September 1992). "Reply to Keenan: Thomson's Argument and Academic Feminism". International Philosophical Quarterly Volume 32, Issue 3. pp. 369–376. L. Geisler, Matters of Life and Death: Calm Answers to Tough Questions about Abortion and Euthanasia (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991), chapter 3. ·Sommers, who calls herself a "liberal feminist" and distinguishes herself from "radical (or gender) feminism" (see her ... {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b Yates, Steven (October 1992). "Multiculturalism and Epistemology". Public Affairs Quarterly Vol. 6, No. 4. pp. 435–456. JSTOR 40435825. Feminists offer their distinctive twist to this approach by saying that all knowledge and cognition are "gendered"; hence the term gender feminism. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b Sandoval, Chéla (1994). "Re-entering cyberspace: sciences of resistance". Dispositio Vol. 19, No. 46, Subaltern studies in the Americas. pp. 75–93. JSTOR 41491506. Under this new form of what Haraway calls "anti-racist," indeed, this is even an anti-gender feminism, she asserts, "there is no place for women," only "geometries of difference and contradiction crucial to women's cyborg identities" (Haraway 1991, 171). {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

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[mcelroy1-1] McElroy, Wendy (2002). Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the 21st century. Ivan R. Dee, Publisher. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-56663-435-9. Ideologically speaking, individualist and radical or gender feminism are mirror images of each other

[Hoff_Sommers-2] Sommers, Christina Hoff (1995). Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 320. ISBN 0-684-80156-6.

[Sep92-3] Beckwith, Francis J. (September 1992). "Reply to Keenan: Thomson's Argument and Academic Feminism". International Philosophical Quarterly Volume 32, Issue 3. pp. 369–376. L. Geisler, Matters of Life and Death: Calm Answers to Tough Questions about Abortion and Euthanasia (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991), chapter 3. ·Sommers, who calls herself a "liberal feminist" and distinguishes herself from "radical (or gender) feminism" (see her ... {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

[Oct92-4] Yates, Steven (October 1992). "Multiculturalism and Epistemology". Public Affairs Quarterly Vol. 6, No. 4. pp. 435–456. JSTOR 40435825. Feminists offer their distinctive twist to this approach by saying that all knowledge and cognition are "gendered"; hence the term gender feminism. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

[91or94-5] Sandoval, Chéla (1994). "Re-entering cyberspace: sciences of resistance". Dispositio Vol. 19, No. 46, Subaltern studies in the Americas. pp. 75–93. JSTOR 41491506. Under this new form of what Haraway calls "anti-racist," indeed, this is even an anti-gender feminism, she asserts, "there is no place for women," only "geometries of difference and contradiction crucial to women's cyborg identities" (Haraway 1991, 171). {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

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