Hanamaki, Iwate
Hanamaki
花巻市 | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Hanamaki City Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Map of Iwate Prefecture with Hanamaki highlighted in pink | |
  Hanamaki | |
| Coordinates: 39°23′19″N 141°7′0.9″E / 39.38861°N 141.116917°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Iwate |
| Area | |
| • Total | 908.39 km2 (350.73 sq mi) |
| Population (March 1, 2017) | |
| • Total | 97,401 |
| • Density | 107/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| City symbols | |
| • Tree | Kobushi |
| • Flower | Hayachina Usukikyo |
| • Bird | Ural owl |
| Phone number | 0198-24-2111 |
| Address | 9-30 Kajo-cho, Hanamaki-shi, Iwate-ken 025-8601 |
| Website | http://www.city.hanamaki.iwate.jp/ |
Hanamaki (花巻市, Hanamaki-shi) is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2017[update], the city had an estimated population of 97,401, and a population density of 107 persons per km2, in 36,859 households.[1] The total area of the city is 908.39 square kilometres (350.73 sq mi).[2] Hanamaki is famous as the birthplace of Kenji Miyazawa and for its hot spring resorts.
Geography
Hanamaki is located in central Iwate Prefecture, in the Kitakami River valley at the conflux of three rivers with the Kitakami River; the Sarugaishi-gawa from the east and the Se-gawa and Toyosawa-gawa from the west. In the west the city rises to the foothills of the Ōu Mountains with the highest peak being Mt. Matsukura at 968 meters. To the east the city rises to the highest peak in the Kitakami Range, Mount Hayachine at 1917 meters. The largest reservoir is Lake Tase on the Sarugaishi River. Lake Hayachine on the Hienuki River is quite spectacular with steep mountains rising above it. Lake Toyosawa is in the western part of the city on the Toyosawa River. Parts of the city are within the borders of the Towada-Hachimantai National Park and the Hayachine Quasi-National Park. A chain of 12 hot springs that lie along the edge of the Ōu Mountains form the Hanamaki Onsenkyo Village.
Climate
Hanamaki has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Hanamaki is 10.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1324 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.0 °C, and lowest in January, at around -2.3 °C.[3]
| Climate data for 花巻(2003-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.0 (84.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
5.3 (41.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.4 (2.5) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.1 (53.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.9 (2.44) |
47.3 (1.86) |
73.3 (2.89) |
93.7 (3.69) |
101.8 (4.01) |
119.7 (4.71) |
223.6 (8.80) |
153.9 (6.06) |
156.6 (6.17) |
106.2 (4.18) |
92.6 (3.65) |
100.7 (3.96) |
1,331.3 (52.41) |
| Source: 気象庁[4] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Per Japanese census data,[5] the population of Hanamaki peaked at around the year 2000 and has declined since.
| Census Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1970 | 101,858 |
| 1980 | 105,678 |
| 1990 | 106,727 |
| 2000 | 107,175 |
| 2010 | 101,451 |
Neighboring municipalities
History
The area of present-day Hanamaki was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period. During the Sengoku period, the area was dominated by various samurai clans before coming under the control of the Nambu clan during the Edo period, who ruled Morioka Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The town developed as a post statin on the Ōshū Kaidō highway during the Edo period.
In the Meiji period, with the establishment of the model municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the modern towns of Hanamaki and Hanamaki-Kawaguchi were created within Hienuki District, Iwate. The two towns were merged on April 10, 1929, with the merged municipality retaining the name of Hanamaki. On April 1, 1954, the villages of Yuguchi, Yumoto, Miyanome, Yasawa and Ohta were annexed by Hanamaki. An additional village, Sasama, joined the following year.
In January 2006, Hanamaki merged with the towns of Ishidoriya, Ōhasama, thus dissolving Hienuki District, and with the town of Tōwa from Waga District.[6]
Government
Hanamaki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 25 members.
Economy
Agriculture, notably dairy farming dominates the local economy. Hanamaki is also noted for electrical appliances. The area is also noted for its many onsen (hot spring) resorts.[7]
Education
Fuji University, a private university, is located in Hanamaki.
The city government operates 19 public elementary schools[8] and 11 public junior high schools.[9] There are seven public high schools operated by the Iwate Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school.[10]
Transportation
Railway
- East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Tōhoku Shinkansen
- East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Tōhoku Main Line
- East Japan Railway Company (JR East) – Kamaishi Line
Highway
- Tōhoku Expressway
- National Route 4
- National Route 107
- National Route 283
- National Route 396
- National Route 456
Airport
Local attractions
Hanamaki is known historically for its many onsen (hot springs). Kenji Miyazawa's various legacies are the old Hanamaki city's other perennial tourist attraction. The city also has a ski slope.
One of Hanamaki's most notable events is the Hanamaki Matsuri, an annual festival which takes place the second weekend of September and dates back to 1593. The three-day festivities include a dance of over one thousand synchronized traditional dancers; the carrying of over one hundred small shrines; and the parading of a dozen or so large, hand-constructed floats depicting historical, fictional, or mythical scenes and accompanied by drummers, flautists, and lantern-carriers. Of these dances, the most famous is Shishi Odori (dance of the deer). This dance involves men dressing as deer and banging drums.
With the city's recent mergers, Hanamaki now lays claim to its absorbed towns' attractions. Ōhasama is famous for local varieties of traditional Kagura dance. Kagura dancers often appear at area festivals or functions. On a hill above the town of Ōhasama proper stands a statue resembling the wolf-like costumes donned by Hayachine Kagura dancers. Mt. Hayachine, which at 1917 m (6289 ft) is the second highest mountain in Iwate Prefecture, lies in the northeast section of Ōhasama. The area is home to the regionally well-known Edel Wine. In September, the Ōhasama Wine House hosts the annual Wine Festival. Around the time of Japan's Girls' Festival, Ōhasama puts on displays of its collection of dolls, many of which are several hundred years old. Local history suggests that the dolls may have been given to residents of Ōhasama by travelers from Kyoto on their way to trade in Hokkaidō. Ishidoriya has a history of brewing sake connected with the Nambu Toji tradition.
International relations
USA – Rutland, Vermont, United States,[11] since October 8, 1986- USA – Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States,[11] since January 15, 1993
Austria - Berndorf, Austria since 1965.[12]
China - Xigang District, Dalian, Liaoning, China [13] - friendship city since 2010
Each of the former towns merged with Hanamaki also conducted exchanges on their own, most of which have been taken up by the new Hanamaki city. Ōhasama was paired Berndorf. Mt. Hayachine is home to a particular species of edelweiss, called Hayachine Usuyukiso, which grows exclusively on Mt. Hayachine. It was because of this flower that mountain climbers from Ōhasama forged a friendship with those from Berndorf, Lower Austria. Ishidoriya was paired with Rutland, Vermont.
Notable people from Hanamaki
- Koi Ikeno, manga artist [14]
- El Samurai, professional wrestler [15]
- Shunkichi Kikuchi, photographer [16]
- Kazuhiro Hatakeyama, professional baseball player [17]
- Tetsugoro Yorozu, painter [18]
- Kenji Miyazawa, writer[19]
References
- ^ Hanamaki City official data
- ^ "詳細データ 岩手県花巻市". 市町村の姿 グラフと統計でみる農林水産業 (in Japanese). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ^ Hanamaki climate data
- ^ "花巻 2003-2010年". 気象庁. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
- ^ Hanamaki population statistics
- ^ Hanamaki City Home page:Yokoso! Hanamaki Template:Ja
- ^ Campbell, Allen; Nobel, David S (1993). Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha. p. 497. ISBN 406205938X.
- ^ Hanamaki city home page: List of elementary schoolsTemplate:Ja
- ^ Hanamaki city home page: List of junior high schoolsTemplate:Ja
- ^ Hanamaki Seifu Shien-Gakko Template:Ja
- ^ a b "US-Japan Sister Cities by State". Asia Matters for America. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "Verein Städtepartnerschaften der Stadt Berndorf" (in German). Official home page of Stadt Berndorf. 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
- ^ "International Exchange". List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Hanamaki, Iwate at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- ^ World of Wrestling profile
- ^ ["Kikuchi Shunkichi". Nihon shashinka jiten (日本写真家事典) / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers. Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. ISBN 4-473-01750-8
- ^
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference (Minors)
- ^ ["Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Biography on Iwate Prefectural home page]] - ^ Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan article "Miyazawa Kenji" (p. 222–223). 1983. Tokyo: Kodansha.
External links
Hanamaki travel guide from Wikivoyage- Official Website Template:Ja icon
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