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Haskovo

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Haskovo
Хасково
Coat of arms of Haskovo
Coat of arms
CountryBulgaria
Province
(Oblast)		Haskovo
Government
 • MayorDobri Belivanov
Area
 • City
25.555 km2 (9.867 sq mi)
Elevation
203 m (666 ft)
Population
 (2012)[1]
 • City
75 641
 • Urban
93 305
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
6300
Area code038
WebsiteOfficial website

Haskovo (Template:Lang-bg) is a city and the administrative centre of the Haskovo Province in southern Bulgaria, not far from the borders with Greece and Turkey. According to Operative Program Regional Development of Bulgaria, the urban area of Haskovo is the seventh largest in Bulgaria and has a population of 184,731 inhabitants.

The first settlement found in Haskovo is from circa 5000 BC. Haskovo celebrated its 1,000th anniversary as a town in 1985. To mark the event, a new clock tower was erected in the centre of the town.

Haskovo Cove in Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the city of Haskovo.

Climate

Due to its relative proximity to the Aegean sea the climate in summer is very similar to Mediterranean climate, whilst in winter, especially with the winds coming from the north, the temperatures drop to the level of continental climate. The average yearly temperature is about 14 °C (57 °F). Winters are cold but not as snowy as the western and northern parts of the country. Summer in Haskovo begins around mid-May and lasts until October.

Climate data for Haskovo, Bulgaria
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0) 		8.3
(46.9) 		14.1
(57.4) 		19.2
(66.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		28.1
(82.6) 		31.8
(89.2) 		32.1
(89.8) 		27.0
(80.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		13.1
(55.6) 		7.3
(45.1) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6) 		3.5
(38.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		13.4
(56.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.7
(78.3) 		25.7
(78.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		14.8
(58.6) 		9.1
(48.4) 		3.3
(37.9) 		14.3
(57.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		2.8
(37.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.6
(65.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		4.5
(40.1) 		0.0
(32.0) 		8.7
(47.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.9
(1.65) 		34.7
(1.37) 		56.5
(2.22) 		42.8
(1.69) 		54.6
(2.15) 		28.5
(1.12) 		31.3
(1.23) 		21.7
(0.85) 		23.6
(0.93) 		24.4
(0.96) 		39.8
(1.57) 		43.1
(1.70) 		442.9
(17.44)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 102 124 173 216 270 302 336 325 241 172 127 92 2,480
Source: [Stringmeteo.com]

Etymology

Many[who?] speculate that the current name came from the Arabic word "has" (هس; possession). Others claim that it comes from the Turkish word "has", having roots to the meaning "clean." The ancient Thracian name of the settlement was Marsa, by which it was known until as late as 1782. By 1830, it was known by its Turkish name, Hasköy.[2] The Bulgarian (and common Slavic) placename suffix "-ovo" replaced the Turkish "köy" after the city switched to Bulgarian from Ottoman rule.

History

According to the archeologists, the area of Haskovo was originally settled about seven thousand years ago. In and around Haskovo, evidence has been preserved that confirms its long history during the prehistoric, Thracian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods. In the 9th century — during the First Bulgarian Empire — a fortress was built in Haskovo that soon was transformed into a town. The town was located at the centre of a sizable region between the Klokotnitsa, Harmanliyska, and Maritsa rivers. In medieval times it was known for the nearby Uzundzhovo fair, famous in all of Bulgaria.

After the liberation from Ottoman rule in 1878, the Haskovo region became popular for high-quality tobacco production. However, presently there is no cigarette production in the region as the once big Tobacco company "Haskovo-BT" was closed in 2005.[3] Currently, the biggest enterprises produce food, machinery, and textiles.

Population

The population of Haskovo was 14,191 in 1887.[4] Since then it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of the migrants from the rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns. It reached its peak in the period 1987-1991, when the population exceeded 90,000.[5]

In January 2012, Haskovo's population was 75,641 people within the city limits. The Haskovo Municipality, with the legally affiliated adjacent villages, had a population of 93,305.[1]

Haskovo
Year 1887 1910 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2005 2009 2011 2021
Population 14,191 15,067 26,516 27,435 38,812 57,777 75,259 87,847 80,773 80,303 78,668 77,050 76,397 ??
Highest number 95,807 in 1990
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[5][6] citypopulation.de,[7] pop-stat.mashke.org,[8] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[4]

Ethnic and religious composition

According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:[9][10]

  • Bulgarians: 54,869 (79.3%)
  • Turks: 12,507 (18.1%)
  • Roma: 691 (1.0%)
  • Others: 400 (0.8%)
  • Indefinable: 709 (0.7%)
  • Undeclared: 7,221 (9.5%)

Total: 76,397

In Haskovo Municipality 63,963 declared as Bulgarians, 16,890 as Turks, 3859 as Roma and 8,984 did not declare their ethnic group. Most of the 28,444 Turks (12.5%) in Haskovo Province are concentrated within the city and the municipality, while the Bulgarians have a higher proportion in the province than the city, numbering 180,541 (79.4%).

According to the 2001 census, the Orthodox Christians are around 80% vs. around 20% Muslims.

Culture

Ivan Dimov Drama Theatre (est. 1921)
The Monument of the Holy Mother of God, the world's highest monument of the Virgin Mary

The most notable cultural landmarks in Haskovo are the newly renovated Ivan Dimov drama theater, the Museum of History, and an art gallery. The annual Colourful Thrace Sings and Dances folk festival takes place in the nearby park Kenana.

A 32-metre-high monument of the Mother of God and the Infant Jesus was erected on the Hill of Youth near Haskovo in 2003. The monument was inaugurated on the 8th of September on the occasion of the Nativity of Holy Virgin Mary, when the day of the town of Haskovo is celebrated. It was entered into the Guinness Book of Records as the highest monument to the Mother of God in the world.

Haskovo has recently invested in renovating its town center, with a variety of new sculptures and fountains erected.

Municipal landmarks include the Thracian Aleksandrovo tomb as well as Uzundzhovo's Church of the Assumption, built originally as a mosque during Ottoman times. In 1395 the Eski cami (the Old Mosque) was built as one of the first in the Balkans. It is interesting that its minaret is slightly inclined.

Notable natives

International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria

Twin towns — Sister cities

Haskovo is twinned with:[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b Template:Bg iconNational Statistical Institute - 2012
  2. ^ Arrowsmith, John. Turkey in Europe. 1832.
  3. ^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-242959110.html
  4. ^ a b Template:Bg icon Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
  5. ^ a b Template:Bg iconNational Statistical Institute - Towns population 1956-1992
  6. ^ Template:En icon Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - towns in 2009
  7. ^ Template:En icon „WorldCityPopulation“
  8. ^ „pop-stat.mashke.org“
  9. ^ Template:Bg icon Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute
  10. ^ Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute Template:Bg icon
  11. ^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Athens: Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
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