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Hikari (train)

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Hikari
700 series Hikari Rail Star, April 2009
Overview
Service typeShinkansen
LocaleTokaido Shinkansen, Sanyo Shinkansen
First service25 April 1958 (Express)
1 October 1964 (Shinkansen)
Current operator(s)JR Central, JR West
Former operator(s)JNR
On-board services
Class(es)Green + Standard
Catering facilitiesTrolley refreshment service
Technical
Rolling stock700/N700 series
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification25 kV AC, 60 Hz
Operating speed270 km/h (Tōkaidō)
300 km/h (Sanyō)[1]

Hikari (ひかり, "Light") is the name of a high-speed train service running on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen "bullet train" lines in Japan. Slower than the premier Nozomi but faster than the all-stations Kodama, the Hikari is the fastest train service on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen that is covered in the Japan Rail Pass.

Service variations

West Hikari

0 series 12-car set SK5 on a West Hikari service, March 1997

These services first appeared in 1988 on the Sanyo Shinkansen between Shin-Osaka and Hakata using 6-car 0 series trains. 0 series 12-car SK units were employed on these services from 1989. From 11 March 2000, they were mostly replaced by the new 700 series Hikari Rail Star services, and were finally withdrawn on 21 April 2000.

Grand Hikari

These were the premier services operated between Tokyo and Hakata from 11 March 1989 using JR West 16-car 100 series V sets with four double-deck centre cars including a restaurant car.[2] These operated at a maximum speed of 230 km/h on the Sanyo Shinkansen (compared to 220 km/h for other Hikari services).[3] From 11 March 2000, restaurant car services were discontinued on all trains, and from May 2002 onwards, the few remaining Grand Hikari services were limited to the Sanyo Shinkansen only. The last Grand Hikari ran in November 2002.

Children's play area on a Family Hikari service, December 2003

Family Hikari

First appearing in the summer of 1995, these seasonal services operated between Shin-Osaka and Hakata during holiday periods using special 6-car 0 series sets (R2 and R24) which included a children's play area in car 3. All seats were reserved on these services.

Hikari Rail Star

JR West began operating the Hikari Rail Star service from the start of the new timetable on 11 March 2000. This service is limited to the Sanyo Shinkansen, and uses special 8-car 700 series trains with a distinctive livery and a maximum speed of 285 km/h. JR West introduced the service to provide better competition against airlines on the Osaka-Fukuoka route. These services do not have Green car accommodation, but the reserved seating cars feature 2+2 seating and also some 4-seat compartments instead of the standard 3+2 arrangement in non-reserved seating cars. The front row of seats in these cars feature power outlets for laptop users. With the discontinuation of the Hikari Rail Star from 2011, the 700 Series Shinkansen trains used on the service have been running on Kodama services.

Rolling stock

  • JR Central 700 series, April 2009
    JR Central 700 series, April 2009
  • JR West N700 series, April 2009
    JR West N700 series, April 2009

Former rolling stock

  • 0 series, 1987
    0 series, 1987
  • 100 Series, 1987
    100 Series, 1987
  • JR West 300 series, 8 October 2008
    JR West 300 series, 8 October 2008
  • JR West 500 series, May 2012
    JR West 500 series, May 2012

Train formations

N700 series (16 cars)

16-car N700 series services are formed as follows with car 1 at the Hakata end and car 16 at the Tokyo end. All cars are no smoking except for smoking compartments located in Cars 3, 7, 10, and 15.[4]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Accommodation Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Reserved Reserved Green Green Green Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved

700 series (16 cars)

16-car 700 series services are formed as follows with car 1 at the Hakata end and car 16 at the Tokyo end.[4]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Accommodation Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Reserved Reserved Green Green Green Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved

N700 series (8 cars)

8-car N700 series services are formed as follows with car 1 at the Hakata end and car 8 at the Shin-Osaka end. All cars are no smoking except for smoking compartments located in Cars 3 and 7.[4]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Accommodation Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Green Reserved Reserved

700 series Hikari Rail Star

8-car 700 series Hikari Rail Star services are formed as follows with car 1 at the Hakata end and car 8 at the Shin-Osaka end. All cars are no smoking.[4]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Accommodation Non-reserved Non-reserved Non-reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved

History

Before and during World War II, Hikari was the name of an express train operated by Japan from Busan in Korea to Changchun in Manchuria.

The name Hikari was first introduced in Japan on 25 April 1958 for express services operating between Hakata and Beppu in Kyushu. This service operated until 30 September 1964, the day before the Tokaido Shinkansen opened.[3]

When the Tokaido Shinkansen opened on 1 October 1964, the Hikari was the fastest train on the line, initially travelling from Tokyo Station to Shin-Osaka Station with only two stops (Nagoya and Kyoto). Hikari service was extended to the Sanyo Shinkansen later, although the Hikari trains were only slightly faster than the Kodama trains, earning them the derisive nickname "Hidama."

In March 2008, the new N700 Series Shinkansen was put into service on a morning Hikari service between Shin-Yokohama and Hiroshima stations, and a late night run between Tokyo and Nagoya. A third N700 Hikari run between Nagoya and Tokyo was added in October 2008,[5] and a few other N700 Hikari runs have since been added.

From the start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012, Hikari Rail Star services using 700 series 8-car E sets became entirely no-smoking.[6]

As of 2012, JR Central Hikari services operating throughout the Tokaido/Sanyo corridor primarily use 16-car N700 series and 700 series trains. Most Hikari trains pull over at intermediate stations such as Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Toyohashi, Maibara or Himeji to allow faster services, mainly Nozomi trains, to pass at top speed.

See also

References

  1. ^ JR-odekake.net N700-Hikari(in Japanese)
  2. ^ Suda, Hiroshi (2000). 東海道新幹線. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-03563-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b "列車名鑑1995" (Train Name Directory 1995), published August 1995 by Railway Journal
  4. ^ a b c d JR Timetable, March 2012 issue, p.997
  5. ^ "秋の臨時列車のお知らせ" (Press release). JR Central. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ 平成24春ダイヤ改正について (PDF). News Release (in Japanese). Japan: West Japan Railway Company. 16 December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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