Htilominlo
| Htilominlo ထီးလိုမင်းလို | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Burma | |||||
| Reign | 1210–1234 | ||||
| Predecessor | Narapatisithu | ||||
| Successor | Kyaswa | ||||
| Consort | Saw Mi (Queen of Middle Palace) Hpwadawgyi (Queen of Southern Palace) (Queen of Northern Palace) Eindawthe (Queen of Royal Palace)[1] | ||||
| Issue | Kyaswa Theinpate Taramun | ||||
| |||||
| House | Pagan | ||||
| Father | Narapatisithu | ||||
| Mother | Saw Mya Kan | ||||
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism | ||||
Htilominlo (Burmese: ထီးလိုမင်းလို, pronounced [tʰílò mɪ́ɴlò]; also called Nadoungmya or Uzana; c. 1174–1234) was the 48th king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1210 to 1234. His 24-year reign marked the beginning of the gradual decline of Pagan dynasty. It was the first to see the impact of over a century of continuous growth of tax-free religious wealth, which had greatly reduced the potential tax base. Htilominlo was the last of the temple builders although most of his temples were in remote lands not in the Pagan region, reflecting the deteriorating state of royal treasury.[2]
The king, a devout Buddhist and a scholar, gave up the command of the army, and left the day-to-day affairs to a privy council consisted of ministers, the forebear of the Hluttaw, or the supreme administrative body of government.[2] He focused his energies on religion and temple-building. He completed the majestic Gawdawpalin temple, begun by his father Narapatisithu, built the Mahabodhi, a replica of the Buddhagaya temple, and the Htilominlo Temple, named after himself.[3]
His reign was largely peaceful, except for one rebellion north of Tagaung, which was put down by his commander in chief.[2] By all accounts, he was popular with the people. Still he never really governed, and was especially oblivious to the growing problem of reduced tax base brought about continuous growth of tax free religious holdings. (To be sure, his predecessors did not face the problem, and his successors also continued to ignore the problem, where by the 1280s, two-thirds of Upper Burma's cultivable land had been alienated to the religion. Thus the throne also lost resources necessary to retain the loyalty of courtiers and military servicemen, inviting a vicious circle of internal disorders and external challenges by Mons, Mongols and Shans.[4])
The king died at age 60 in 1234.
References
- ^ a b Pe Maung Tin and G.H. Luce. The Glass Palace Chronicle of the Kings of Burma (1960 ed.). Rangoon University Press. pp. 152–154.
- ^ a b c Maung Htin Aung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–54.
- ^ Nicholas Tarling. The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia (1993 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–167. ISBN 0521355052, 9780521355056.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ Victor Lieberman (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 830-1830, Vol. I. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-521-80496-7.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help)
| Pagan dynasty 849–1297 | |
|---|---|
| Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364 | |
| Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364 | |
| Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555 | |
| Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552 | |
| Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785 |
|
| Prome Kingdom 1482–1542 | |
| Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752 | |
| Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757 | |
| Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885 | |
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