Husayniyya
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| Ḥosayniya | |
|---|---|
 Hussainia in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | |
| Arabic (العربية) | حسينية (ḥussainiā) مأتم (ma'tam) |
| Hindi (हिंदी) | इमामबाड़ा (imāmbāṛā) आशुरख़ाना (āshurkhānā) |
| Bengali (বাংলা) | ইমামবাড়া (imambaṛa) |
| Persian (فارسى) | حسینیه (ḥoseyniye) |
| Urdu (اُردوُ) | امامباڑا (imāmbāṛā) امامبارگاہ (imāmbārgāh) عاشور خانہ (āshurxānā) حسينيہ (huseyniya) |
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A ḥosayniya or hussainiya (Persian: حسینیه hoseyniye), also known as an ashurkhana, imambargah, or imambara, is a congregation hall for Twelver Shia Muslim commemoration ceremonies, especially those associated with the Mourning of Muharram.[1] The name comes from Husayn ibn Ali, the third of the Twelve Imams and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Husayn was killed at the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 CE during the reign of Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. The Shia commemorate his martyrdom every year on Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram.[2] There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in hussainiyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.[3]
History
From the time of the Safavid was ruling in Iran, when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the Hoseynias and also Takyeh(s) became commonplace. Any Hosseynia had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many allays and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights… From the age of Zand, many bigger and vaster Takye(s) was made just to hold Tazia, where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of Tazieh.[4]
Terminology
A hussainiya is different from a mosque in that it is intended mainly for gatherings for Muharram in the mourning of Hussain ibn Ali, and also the other Shia Imams, and may not necessarily hold jumu'ah (Friday congregational prayer).
In South Asia, a hussainiya can also be referred to as an imambara, imambargah, or ashurkhana. In Afghanistan and Central Asia, it is also called a takyakhana. In Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, it is called a ma'tam (Arabic: مأتم).
Notable hussainias
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- Hussaini Dalan, in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Bara Imambara, in Lucknow, India
- Chhota Imambara, in Lucknow, India
- Hooghly Imambara, in Hooghly (W.B.), India
- Nizamat Imambara, in Murshidabad, India
- Badshahi Ashurkhana, in Hyderabad, India
- Hosseiniyeh Ershad, in Tehran, Iran
- Hussaini Imambara Asim Raza Abdi, in 100/46, Colonel Ganj Kanpur,
- Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab, in Lucknow, India
- Imambargah Mir Vilayat Husain, in Karari Allahabad, India
- Azakhana Wazeer-un-Nisa, located in Amroha, India. The Azakhana was built in 1802 (1226 Hijri) with one Mosque.
- Imambargah Haveli Sa'daat, one of the oldest Imambargahs in Gujranwala, Pakistan. It was built by the Naqvi Sadat family, who migrated from Fatehgarh Churian, Punjab, India.
- Imambargah Bait Aal e Imran, in Kotla Arab Ali Khan, Gujrat, Pakistan. The site was donated by Choudhary Ghulam Hassan, a sunni by birth, and his wife in 1979.
See also
- Ashura
- Mourning of Muharram
- Battle of Karbala
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Hussaini Dalan
- Tasu'a
- Imambaras of Lucknow
- Rawda Khwani
References
- ^ Juan Eduardo Campo (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. pp. 318–. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8.
- ^ "Husayniyya" at Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^ Hussainiahs and Takkiahs mashreghnews.ir
- ^ The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in persian, V 5, P 340
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