Joannicius III of Constantinople

Joannicius III of Constantinople
Joannicius III of Constantinople
Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch
Church	Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Installed	26 March 1761
Term ended	21 May 1763
Predecessor	Seraphim II
Successor	Samuel
Previous post(s)	Metropolitan of Chalcedon 1747–1761
Personal details
Born	Ioannis Karatzas; c. 1700
Died	1793; Monastery of Halki

Joannicius III
Joannicius III
Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch
Church	Serbian Patriarchate of Peć
See	Patriarchal Monastery of Peć
Installed	1739
Term ended	1746
Predecessor	Arsenije IV
Successor	Atanasije II

Joannicius III (Greek: Ἰωαννίκιος; Serbian: Јоаникије III; c. 1700 – 1793) was Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1739 to 1746^[1] and Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch from 1761 to 1763. The ordinal number of his title is III both for his office as Serbian Patriarch and of Constantinople.^[2]

Life

Ioannis Karatzas was born in circa 1700 and belonged to the influential Phanariote family Caradja (Karatzas), of Byzantine Greek origin.^[3]^{[better source needed]} He became a deacon serving Patriarch Paisius II and later he was appointed protosyncellus.^[2]

With the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade which ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–39), the Kingdom of Serbia ceased to exist. The Ottoman sultan deposed Serbian Patriarch Arsenije IV who sided with the Habsburg monarchy during the war, and in his place appointed the Greek Joannicius, who took the title of Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch. Among the Serbs he was known as Joanikije (Јоаникије), and it was recorded at the time that he was appointed by 'the mighty [rule of the] Turk, and not by election at the [Serbian] sabor (assembly)'.^[4] The previous patriarch Arsenije IV moved to the Habsburg monarchy along with many Serbs, in what is known as the Second Great Serb Migration.^[5] Arsenije IV became Metropolitan of Karlovci, maintaining however deep connections with the Serbs who remained in the Ottoman Empire under the jurisdiction of Joannicius. Joannicius remained Serbian Patriarch until 1746, when, burdened with debts due to his high-living, he was forced to sell the title to pay his creditors.^[2]

After returning to Constantinople, in September 1747 he obtained an appointment as Metropolitan of Chalcedon. On 26 March 1761 he was elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, an office he maintained until 21 May 1763, when he was deposed and exiled to Mount Athos.^[6]

Thanks to the support of his family, Joannicius returned from exile and obtained the revenue from the monastery of the island of Halki near Constantinople, where he died in 1793.^[2]

References

^ Вуковић 1996, p. 233-234.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d DHGE.
^ Genealogical Tree of the Caradja Family
^ Мирковић 1965, p. 94.
^ Вуковић 1996, p. 33-34.
^ Kiminas 2009, p. 41.

Sources

R. Aubert (2000). "Joannikios III". Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. Vol. 27. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1379-80. ISBN 2-7063-0210-0.
Fotić, Aleksandar (2008). "Serbian Orthodox Church". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 519–520. ISBN 9781438110257.
Kašić, Dušan, ed. (1965). Serbian Orthodox Church: Its past and present. Vol. 1. Belgrade: Serbian Orthodox Church.
Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781434458766.
Мирковић, Мирко (1965). Правни положај и карактер Српске цркве под турском влашћу (1459-1766). Београд: Завод за издавање уцбеника.
Pavlovich, Paul (1989). The History of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Serbian Heritage Books. ISBN 9780969133124.
Слијепчевић, Ђоко М. (1962). Историја Српске православне цркве (History of the Serbian Orthodox Church). Vol. књ. 1. Минхен: Искра.
Вуковић, Сава (1996). Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century). Београд: Евро.

External links

Official site of the Serbian Orthodox Church: Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs Archived 2017-12-27 at the Wayback Machine

Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by Seraphim II	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1761–1763	Succeeded by Samuel
Preceded by Gabriel V	Metropolitan of Chalcedon 1747-1761	Succeeded by Joannicius II
Preceded by Arsenije IV	Serbian Patriarch 1739–1746	Succeeded by Atanasije II

[FOOTNOTEВуковић1996233-234-1] Вуковић 1996, p. 233-234.

[FOOTNOTEDHGE-2] DHGE.

[3] Genealogical Tree of the Caradja Family

[FOOTNOTEМирковић196594-4] Мирковић 1965, p. 94.

[FOOTNOTEВуковић199633-34-5] Вуковић 1996, p. 33-34.

[FOOTNOTEKiminas200941-6] Kiminas 2009, p. 41.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Byzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
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Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal