Khabash
Khabash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Khababash, Khabbash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Part of the Stela of Nastasen mentioning (row 13) the Egyptian invader Kambasuten (most likely Khabash)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reign | c.338 – c.335 BCE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Artaxerxes III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Successor | Artaxerxes IV or Darius III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dynasty | 31st Dynasty[3] |
Khabash, also Khababash or Khabbash, resided at Sais in the fifth nome of Lower Egypt in the fourth century BCE. During the second Persian occupation of Egypt (343–332 BCE) he led a revolt against the Persian rule in concert with his eldest son, from ca. 338 to 335 BCE, a few years before the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great.[4] It is said that Nectanebo II, the exiled last native ruler of Egypt, may have helped in these events, but he was possibly sidelined for good as a result of the failure of the revolt.[citation needed]
Little is known about Khabash. He is referred to as "Lord of both lands",[5] i.e. King of Upper and Lower Egypt, and as "Son of Ra", another pharaonic title, and given the throne name of Senen-setep-en-Ptah in a decree by Ptolemy Lagides,[6] who became King Ptolemy I Soter in 305 BCE.
Sometime in the 330s BCE, an Egyptian ruler called Kambasuten – who is widely recognized as Khabash – led an invasion into the kingdom of Kush which was defeated by king Nastasen as recorded in a stela now in the Berlin museum. An Apis bull sarcophagus bearing his name was found at Saqqara[7] and dated to his regnal Year 2.[8]
References
- ^ Henri Gauthier, Le Livre des rois d'Égypte, IV, (=MIFAO 20), Cairo, 1916, p. 139 (here misinterpreted as Cambyses II).
- ^ Henri Gauthier, op. cit., p. 196.
- ^ Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids.
- ^ Phiroze Vasunia, The Gift of the Nile: Hellenizing Egypt from Aeschylus to Alexander, University of California Press 2001, p.266
- ^ Records of the Past Being English Translations of the Assyrian and Egyptian Monuments, Adamant Media Corporation 2001, p.73
- ^ The decree of Ptolemy Lagides
- ^ Karl Baedeker, Egypt, Adamant Media Corporation 2000. p.130
- ^ Samuel Birch, Ancient history from the monuments. Egypt from the earliest times to B.C. 300, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 1883, p.189