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List of pusher aircraft by configuration and date

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A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines.
Pushers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date.
Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

Conventional and three surface layouts

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The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

Direct drive

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Propeller ahead of tail

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Between frames (Farman layout)
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Top to bottom: 1870 helicopter;
1871 'Planophore;
1873 ornithopter
Wright Flyer 1903 pusher
Wright, Curtiss and Farman pushers
Voisin-Farman 1908
Curtiss n°2 (1909
Bristol Boxkite (1910)
Wright Model B (1910)
Curtiss Model E (1911)
Curtiss Model F (1912)
Voisin III (1914)
Airco DH.2 (1915)
Vickers FB.5 (1915)
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2] (1915)
Grigorovitch M-9 (1916)
FBA Type H (1916)
Voisin VIII (1916)
Macchi M.5 (1917)
Supermarine Walrus flying boat (1933)
Bereiev MBR-2 (1935)
Dornier Do 18 (1935)
De Schelde S.21 drawings (1939)
SAAB J 21 fighter (1943).
Experimental fighter Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender (1943)
Kyushu J7W Shinden (1945)
Republic RC-3 Seabee with gear retracted (1945)
Fokker F.25 (1946)
Experimental flying wing bomber Northrop XB-35 (1946)
Convair B-36 Peacemaker (1946)
Alaparma Baldo (1949)
Lake Buccaneer (1950)
SIAI Marchetti FN 333 Riviera (1952)
Piaggio P.166 (1957)
Raab Krähe (1958)
Cessna 337 Skymaster (1962)
Lesher teal (1965)
Bede BD-5 (1971)
Lockspeiser LDA-1 (1971)
Rutan VariEze 1975
Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976
Rutan Long-EZ pusher configuration homebuilt aircraft.
PZL M-17 (1977)
RFB X-114 (1977)
Edgley Optica (1979)
Quad City Challenger – a mid-engined pusher ultralight aircraft
Grinvalds Orion (1981)
LearAvia Lear Fan (1981)
Sadler Vampire (1982)
Beechcraft Starship (1983)
Spectrum SA-550 (1983)
Dornier Seastar (1984)
RTAF-5 (1984)
Prescott Pusher (1985)
Piaggio P.180 Avanti (1986)
Airkraft Sunny joined wing 1989
Miller-Bohannan JM-2 Special 1989
Seabird seeker (1989)
Rans S12 1990
Embraer-FMA CBA-123 Vector
UAV SAGEM Sperwer B (1990s)
Aeroprakt A-20 Vista (1991
NPO Molniya (1993)
Creative Flight Aerocat (2001)
UCAV General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (2001)
NAL Saras (2004)
LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse (2008)
Aeroprakt A-36 (2011)
AHRLAC (2014)
Between frames or booms (1915 and later)
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Between booms
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1945 and later

1980 and later

Between booms / UAV's
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Between outboard tail booms
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Coaxially in rear fuselage
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Nacelle above fuselage
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WW1 or Before

1920s

1930s

Post War II

Below tail boom
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Between up and down tail booms
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Above tailboom
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Propeller behind the tail

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Lateral behind wing

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1930 and later

Lateral nacelles

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Remote drive

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Propeller ahead of tail

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Within airframe
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Behind wing
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Inside tail

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Behind tail

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1960 and later

Propeller above fuselage or wing

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  • Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built
  • Airfish-3 WIG 1990 Wing In Ground Effect demonstrator one seat, 1 built
  • Airfish-8 WIG 2007 Wing In Ground Effect transport prototype 8/10 seats, 2 built

Canard and tandem layouts

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A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

Direct drive

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1945 and later In this section Rutan pushers are more than 1000 built.

Remote engine mounting

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Joined wings

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A tandem (or three-surface) configuration whose wingtips are joined is a Closed wing.

Tailless aircraft, Flying wings

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Tailless aircraft

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Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer.

Tailless, fabric wing, no fuselage

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Flying wings

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Flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.

Push-pull aircraft

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Sides of fuselage

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Above fuselage

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Extremities

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On nose and between booms

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On wings and between booms

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Rotorcraft

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See also

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Bibliography

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  • Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft, Sport aviation[81]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  2. ^ the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  3. ^ see Ambrosini SS.4#Development
  4. ^ Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine only used during take-off, climb and some part of the course. It was actually used to cope with aft engine trouble

Citations

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  1. ^ French Voisin III bomber
  2. ^ Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly. pp. 415–419.
  3. ^ "English: Alliet-Larivière Allar 4 3-view drawing from l'Aerophile February 1938". February 1938.
  4. ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 & 22, July 1992
  5. ^ Baby twin-boomer, Sport Aviation, May 1988
  6. ^ Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
  7. ^ Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
  8. ^ Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
  9. ^ "'Dingo' amphibian by NPP "AeroRIK"". Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  10. ^ Le Toucan de Jose Pocino, Experimental n°53, septembre 2000
  11. ^ AOPA https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2016/january/21/innovator-makes-maiden-flight
  12. ^ Kitplanes https://www.kitplanes.com/commuter-craft-innovator-aircraft-goes-alpha-in-2016/
  13. ^ Yvan Shaw 180 Seeker
  14. ^ Analysis of a semi-tailless aircraft design, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a402729.pdf
  15. ^ a b RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
  16. ^ "Propeller spins with motor around tail boom". Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  17. ^ http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
  18. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  19. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  20. ^ a b Janowski Aircraft
  21. ^ Gallager, Sheldon M.; Levy, Howard (January 1980). "7 exciting new sports planes you can build". Popular Mechanics. p. 124. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  22. ^ "CAEA : Aerostructure LUTIN 80". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  23. ^ "Fk History". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  24. ^ Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
  25. ^ "ООО Аэропракт". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  26. ^ "Aviasud Industries AE-209 Albatross / Micronef ULM Albatros". Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  27. ^ Air Quest Nova 21
  28. ^ https://www.israelhayom.com/2019/06/23/israel-presents-first-electric-powered-passenger-plane/ [bare URL]
  29. ^ "Cape Air to lead the charge on all-electric air travel". 21 June 2019.
  30. ^ Google search
  31. ^ CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
  32. ^ Megone biplane
  33. ^ J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
  34. ^ Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
  35. ^ The prop revolves on the tail boom https://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-machines/planeur-fiche_0int.php?code=4064
  36. ^ "PJ-II "Dreamer- Ducted fan Jet "Replica"". Archived from the original on 2020-02-23. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  37. ^ Airliners.net
  38. ^ "L'Aérophile". January 1907.
  39. ^ Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
  40. ^ "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
  41. ^ "The Brothers Kasianenko"
  42. ^ "The history of Russian aviation. Kasyanenko No.5 (KPI-5) | Encyclopedia of safety". Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  43. ^ Flight 1941, [page needed]
  44. ^ http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg [bare URL image file]
  45. ^ "Magical Journal » Blog Archive » Allenbaugh : #66 : Grey Ghost".
  46. ^ "Parks Alumni Racebuilders PAR Special".
  47. ^ "Pützer Bussard".
  48. ^ a b FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
  49. ^ Aerocar mini-IMP
  50. ^ "Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine". Archived from the original on 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  51. ^ Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
  52. ^ "AST MYASISHCHEV YAMAL amphibian mockup". 2015-11-12.
  53. ^ "Aviaspetstrans Yamal amphibian". 18 July 2009.
  54. ^ VmaxProbe
  55. ^ Info Pilote n° 701 aout 2014
  56. ^ Les étranges créations d'Otto Skauba, Le Fanatique de l'Aviation, pages 14 à 22, juillet 1992
  57. ^ "Home". rmtaviation.com.
  58. ^ "Deperdussin-de Feure Model 2". 2015-12-18.
  59. ^ "De Bruyere C1".
  60. ^ Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
  61. ^ E-Racer in Stargazer database Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ Interavia jan 1988
  63. ^ Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview" (PDF), Journal of Aircraft: 176–177 [permanent dead link‍]
  64. ^ Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
  65. ^ "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
  66. ^ Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
  67. ^ Rohr 2-175
  68. ^ "Image from nuricom.de". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  69. ^ Scott Winton
  70. ^ "Articles on Wingco".
  71. ^ "Home". 7 February 2019. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  72. ^ Horten Nurflugels
  73. ^ "Popular Mechanics". Hearst Magazines. January 1987.
  74. ^ "DavisWing". Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  75. ^ "PUL-10".
  76. ^ Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
  77. ^ url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html Archived 2021-12-14 at the Wayback Machine accessdate=Feb 2016
  78. ^ url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  79. ^ Star Kraft SK-700
  80. ^ "Moskalev SAM-13 : Other". 13 July 2005.
  81. ^ "Extension-Shaft Pusher Type Aircraft".

Bibliography

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