Mamaindê language
| Mamaindê | |
|---|---|
| Northern Nambikwara | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso |
Native speakers | 250 (2009)[1] to 340 (2007–2010)[2] |
Nambikwaran
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:wmd – Mamaindé properltn – Latundêlkd – Lakondêxtw – Tawandêxyl – Yalakalore (presumed but unattested)apv – Alapmunte |
xyl Yalakalore | |
apv Alapmunte | |
| Glottolog | nort3153 |
| ELP | Mamaindé |
Mamaindê, also known as Northern Nambikwara, is a Nambikwaran language spoken in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil, in the very north of the indigenous reserve, Terra Indígena Vale do Guaporé, between the Pardo and Cabixi Rivers. In the southern part of the reserve, speakers of Sabanê and Southern Nambikwara are found.[3]
Varieties
Among the Nambikwaran languages, at least Northern (Mamainde), Southern (Nambikwara), and Sabane are mutually unintelligible. Mamainde, however, is a dialect cluster, and its varieties are sometimes considered distinct languages. The following distinctions are made by Eberhard (2009). Population figures are those of Ethnologue 16, dated 2007:
- Mamaindê proper (including Nagarotê, 330 speakers)
- Latundê (20)
- Lakondê (1)
- Tawaindê (or Da’wan’du; unattested and speakers unknown)
- Yalakalore (extinct and unattested)
- Yalapmunde (Alapmunte; extinct and unattested)
Yelelihre is another unattested Nambikwaran variety.
Distribution
Anonby & Eberhard (2008:4)[4] list geographic locations for the following 3 Northern Nambikuara language varieties.
- The Mamaindê (population: 200) live in Capitão Pedro, Mato Grosso, a village located near Vilhena, Rondônia.
- The Negarotê (population: 100) live in a main village near the town of Comodoro, Mato Grosso, as well as another village close to the town of Nova Alvorada, Mato Grosso.
- The Latundê (population: 20) live in the Tubarão-Latundê reserve, located about 150 kilometres west of Vilhena, Rondônia. The reserve has 3 villages.
Phonology
The following description is based on Mamaindê proper.
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | |
| Close | i | u |
| Close-mid | e | o |
| Open | a |
Each of the vowels have a nasalized counterpart.
Consonants
Mamaindê has 14 consonants:[6]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Plosive | Plain | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
References
Notes
- ^ Eberhard 2009, p. v
- ^ Mamaindé proper at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Latundê at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Lakondê at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Tawandê at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Yalakalore (presumed but unattested) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Alapmunte at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Eberhard 2009, p. 4
- ^ Anonby, Stan and David Eberhard. 2008. A survey of three northern Nambiquara groups: the Mamaindê, Negarotê, and Latundê. SIL Electronic Survey Reports. SIL International.
- ^ Eberhard 2009, pp. 96–97
- ^ Eberhard 2009, p. 52
General
- Eberhard, David M. (2009), Mamaindê Grammar: A Northern Nambikwara language and its cultural context, Utrecht, Netherlands: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics, ISBN 978-94-6093-012-6
- Anonby, Stan and David Eberhard. 2008. A survey of three northern Nambiquara groups: the Mamaindê, Negarotê, and Latundê. SIL Electronic Survey Reports. SIL International.