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Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)

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This article is about the hospital in New York City. For other uses, see Mount Sinai Hospital (disambiguation).
Mount Sinai Hospital
Mount Sinai Health System
Buildings of Mount Sinai seen from Central Park
Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan) is located in New York City
Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)
Geography
LocationOne Gustave L. Levy Place or 1468 Madison Avenue,
East Harlem, New York City, NY 10029, United States
Organization
FundingNon-profit hospital
TypeUniversity, Teaching
Affiliated universityIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
NetworkMount Sinai Health System
Services
Beds1,171
History
Opened1852
Links
Websitewww.mountsinai.org
ListsHospitals in the United States

Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is one of the oldest and largest teaching hospitals in the United States. In 2011–2012, Mount Sinai Hospital was ranked as one of America's best hospitals by U.S. News & World Report in 12 specialties.[1]

Located on the eastern border of Central Park, at 100th Street and Fifth Avenue, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, Mount Sinai has a number of hospital affiliates in the New York metropolitan area including Brooklyn Hospital Center, and an additional campus, the Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens.

The hospital is also affiliated with the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, which opened in September 1968.[2] In 2013, The Mount Sinai Hospital joined with the Continuum Health Partners in the creation of The Mount Sinai Health System. The system encompasses the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and seven hospital campuses in the New York metropolitan area, as well as a large, regional ambulatory footprint.

In 2014 and 2015 two of the biggest hospitals in Manhattan that were part of the Health System were formally renamed with Mount Sinai moniker: St. Luke's Hospital was renamed Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Roosevelt Hospital was renamed Mount Sinai West.

History

The hospital, from a postcard sent in 1920

As U.S. cities grew more crowded in the mid-19th century, philanthropist Sampson Simson (1780-1857) founded a hospital to address the needs of New York's rapidly growing Jewish immigrant community. It was the second Jewish hospital in the United States. At the time of its founding in 1852, other hospitals in New York City discriminated against Jews by not hiring them and preventing them from being treated in their wards.[3]

The Jews' Hospital in the City of New York, as it was then called, was built on 28th Street in Manhattan, between 7th & 8th Avenues, on land donated by Simson; it opened two years before Simson's death. Four years later, it would be unexpectedly filled to capacity with soldiers from the Civil War.[4][5]

The Jews' Hospital felt the effects of the escalating Civil War in other ways, as staff doctors and board members were called into service: Dr. Israel Moses served four years as Lieutenant Colonel in the 72nd;[6] Joseph Seligman had to resign as a member of the Board of Directors as he was increasingly called upon by President Lincoln for advice on the country's growing financial crisis.[7][8]

The Draft Riots of 1863 again strained the resources of the new hospital, as draft inequities and a shortage of qualified men increased racial tensions in New York City. As the Jews' Hospital struggled to tend to the many wounded, outside its walls over one hundred men, women and children were killed in the riots.[9]

More and more, the Jews' hospital was finding itself an integral part of the general community. In 1866, to reflect this new-found role, it changed its name. In 1872, the Hospital moved uptown to the east side of Lexington Avenue, between 66th and 67th Streets.

Now called The Mount Sinai Hospital, the institution forged relationships with many physicians who made contributions to medicine, including Henry N. Heineman, Frederick S. Mandelbaum, Bernard Sachs, Charles A. Elsberg, Emanuel Libman, and, most significantly, Abraham Jacobi, known as the Father of American Pediatrics and a champion of construction at the hospital's new site on Manhattan's Upper East Side in 1904.[10]

The Hospital established a school of nursing in 1881. Created by Alma deLeon Hendricks and a small group of women, The Mount Sinai Hospital Training School for Nurses was taken over by the Hospital in 1895. In 1923 the name was changed to The Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nursing. This school closed in 1971 after graduating 4,700 nurses—all women except one man in the last class. An active alumnae association continues.

The Icahn Medical Institute at 1425 Madison Avenue was built in 1997

The early 20th century saw the population of New York City explode. That, coupled with many new discoveries at Mount Sinai (including significant advances in blood transfusions and the first endotracheal anesthesia apparatus), meant that Mount Sinai's pool of doctors and experts was in increasing demand. A $1.35 million expansion of the 1904 hospital site (equivalent to over $30 million in 2008)[11] raced to keep pace with demand. The opening of the new buildings was delayed by the advent of World War I. Mount Sinai responded to a request from the United States Army Medical Corps with the creation of Base Hospital No.3. This unit went to France in early 1918 and treated 9,127 patients with 172 deaths: 54 surgical and 118 medical, the latter due mainly to influenza and pneumonia.

Two decades later, with tensions in Europe escalating, a committee dedicated to finding placements for doctors fleeing Nazi Germany was founded in 1933. With the help of the National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians, Mount Sinai Hospital became a new home for a large number of émigrés. When war broke out, Mount Sinai was the first hospital to throw open its doors to Red Cross nurses' aides; the hospital trained many in its effort to reduce the nursing shortage in the States. Meanwhile, the President of the Medical Board, George Baehr, M.D. was called by President Roosevelt to serve as the nation's Chief Medical Director of the Office of Civilian Defense.[12]

These wartime roles would be eclipsed, however, when the men and women of Mount Sinai's 3rd General Hospital set sail for Casablanca, eventually setting up a 1,000-bed hospital in war-torn Tunisia. Before moving to tend to the needs of soldiers in Italy and France, the 3rd General Hospital had treated more than 5,000 wounded soldiers.[13]

In the decades following World War II, Mount Sinai has continued its efforts to expand its usefulness to medicine and its communities. In 1963 the Hospital created a medical school and in 1968 welcomed the first students of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, now the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The 1980s saw a $500 million hospital expansion, including the construction of the Guggenheim Pavilion, the first medical facility designed by I.M. Pei; and the faculty have made significant contributions to gene therapy, cardiology, immunotherapy, organ transplants, cancer treatments and minimally invasive surgery.

Reputation

Praise

  • Mount Sinai Medical Center was named to the U.S. News & World Report America's Best Hospitals Honor Roll, ranking 14th out of nearly 5,000 hospitals nationwide. Mount Sinai was nationally ranked in 12 of 16 specialties, including #2 in geriatrics, #7 in gastroenterology, and #10 in heart & heart surgery. Other honors included high rankings for cancer (#42), diabetes & endocrinology (#14), ear, nose & throat (#11), gynecology (#25), nephrology (#35), neurology & neurosurgery (#15), rehabilitation (#12), and urology (#29).[14]
  • New York Magazine's inaugural "Best Hospitals" list ranked Mount Sinai Medical Center as #2 for overall best hospital, #3 for emergency care, #3 for pediatrics, #4 for ENT, #3 for psychiatry, #3 for cancer, #3 for cardiac care, #1 for digestive disorders, #5 for orthopedics, #2 for OB-GYN, and #3 for neurology/neurosurgery.[15]
  • New York Magazine named 129 Mount Sinai physicians to its “Best Doctors” list, more than any individual hospital in New York City.[16]
  • In 2012, Mount Sinai Medical Center was awarded the HIMSS Enterprise Davies Award of Excellence for use of health information technology.[17]
  • In 2010, the New York State Department of Health named Mount Sinai Hospital the safest place for a patient receiving angioplasty.[18]
  • In 2009, The Scientist magazine ranked Mount Sinai School of Medicine 15th overall in their “Best Places to Work in Academia” survey.[19]
  • In 2009, the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)'s Magnet Award for Nursing Excellence was awarded to Mount Sinai – the first full-service hospital in New York City to achieve redesignation. Only six percent of hospitals in the nation have received Magnet designation, and only two percent have received redesignation.[20]
  • In 2008, Mount Sinai Medical Center received the Public & Community Service Emmy Award presented by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (NATAS).[21]
  • In 2008, Mount Sinai was recognized for improved performance in Thomson Reuters' "100 Top Hospitals" list. The Mount Sinai Medical Center, as a major teaching hospital, was the only hospital in Manhattan, New York to be awarded this high honor.[22]
  • In 2006, the American Society for Bariatric Surgery named Mount Sinai a "Surgery Center of Excellence."[23]
  • In 2006, Mount Sinai and its advertising agency, DeVito/Verdi, took home the highest honors at the 23rd Annual Healthcare Advertising Awards. The campaign was awarded top prize in the Large Hospitals Group for three different categories: Magazine, Billboard and Radio.[24]
  • In 2004, Mount Sinai Medical Center hired New York ad agency, Devito/Verdi, to rebuild Mount Sinai’s reputation as one of the leading academic medical centers in the country and raise awareness of innovation and medical advancements.

Firsts at the hospital

Medical firsts

A significant number of diseases were first described at Mount Sinai Hospital in the last 160+ years including Brill's disease, Buerger's disease, Churg-Strauss disease, collagen disease, Crohn's disease, eosinophilic granuloma of bone, Glomus Jugulare Tumor, Libman-Sacks disease, Moschcowitz disease, polymyalgia rheumatica,[25] and Tay-Sachs disease.[26]

Other "firsts" include:

Timeline of other significant events

  • 1852 – Hospital chartered as "The Jews’ Hospital" in New York.
  • 1855 – “The Jews’ Hospital” opens for patients on June 5.[35]
  • 1866 – To free itself of racial or religious distinction, The Jews' Hospital changes it name to "The Mount Sinai Hospital."
  • 1872 – First women appointed to professional positions.
  • 1886 – The Eye and Ear Service is created; Dr. Josephine Walter, the first American woman to serve a formal residency in a general hospital, is granted a diploma.
  • 1908 – Dr. Rueben Ottenberg is the first to perform blood transfusions with routine compatibility test and to point out that blood groups are hereditary.
  • 1919 – Dr. I.C. Rubin introduces the use of peruterine insufflation of the fallopian tubes for the diagnosis and treatment of sterility in women.
  • 1928 – Dr. Moses Swick develops a method for introducing radio-opaque media into the blood stream for visualization of the urinary tract.
  • 1932 – Crohn's Disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine, is identified by Drs. Burrill Crohn, Leon Ginzburg and Gordon D. Oppenheimer.
  • 1938 – The nation’s second blood bank is created.
  • 1953 – The Jack Martin Respirator Center admits its first polio patients.
  • 1962 – Dr. Arthur Grishman receives the first medical data, a cardiogram, transmitted successfully via the telephone lines.
  • 1963 – The New York State Board of Regents grants a charter for the establishment of a school of medicine.
  • 1968 – The Graduate School of Biological Sciences admits its first students.
  • 1974 – The Adolescent Health Center is established – the first primary care program in New York designed specifically for the needs of adolescents.
  • 1982 – The Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development is created – the first such department in an American medical school.
  • 1986 – Doctors perform the first blood transfusion into the vein of an unborn fetus.
  • 1988 – Mount Sinai performs the first liver transplant in New York State.
  • 1989 – The Center for Excellence in Youth Education is established, growing from other youth outreach programs that began at Mount Sinai in 1968.
  • 1992 – The Department of Human Genetics is established.
  • 1998 – Recanati/Miller Transplantation Unit opens.
  • 2006 – Mount Sinai Heart opens, a combination of clinicians, researchers and educators working to provide an integrated approach to cardiac care.
  • 2011 – The first center for chronic fatigue syndrome in a major medical center and medical school in the United States is established.
  • 2012 – Mount Sinai Hospital opened New York City's First Emergency Room for geriatrics patients.[36]
  • 2012 – It received an advanced certification from The Joint Commission for excellence in palliative care.[37]
  • 2013 – It became the first hospital in New York State to receive Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Center Certification.[38]

Areas of concentration

Specialty Condition
Heart Cardiomyopathy, Congestive heart failure, Mitral regurgitation, Angina, Arrhythmias, Aortic aneurysm, Mitral valve prolapse, Heart Attack, Atrial fibrillation, Septal defects
Brain Epilepsy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Cerebral palsy, Arteriovenous malformations, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Brain cancer
Organ Transplants Renal failure, Liver cirrhosis, Cystic fibrosis, Short gut syndrome, Congestive heart failure, Primary pulmonary hypertension, Laryngeal cancer,
Cancer Melanoma, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Wilms tumor, Glioma, Colorectal cancer, Gastric cancer, Hepatoma, Esophageal cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Ovarian cancer
Gastrointestinal Conditions Gastric ulcer, Irritable bowel syndrome, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Food allergy, Spastic colon, Gallstones
Women Anorexia nervosa, Breast cancer, Heart attack, Osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, Colorectal cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Human papillomavirus, Iron-deficiency anemia
Children Obesity, Congestive heart failure, Asthma, Myocarditis, Hypothyroidism, Food allergy, Juvenile diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, Sleep apnea
Bone, Joint and Spine Tennis elbow, Anterior cruciate ligament, Torn meniscus, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Chondromalacia patella, Scoliosis, Bone fracture, Rotator cuff injury, Herniated disk, Osteoarthritis, Bunion, Spinal stenosis
Rehabilitation Medicine Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal cord injury, Stroke, Anoxic brain injury, Amputee, Fluroscopic guided spinal injection, Acupuncture, Joint replacement
Palliative Care Breast cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Lung cancer, Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Colorectal cancer, Coma, Alzheimer's disease, Renal failure, AIDS, Liver cirrhosis, Brain Cancer
HIV/AIDS Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, Aspergillosis
Diabetes Obesity, Cardiomyopathy, Cholecystitis, Kidney failure, Diabetic foot ulcer, Coma, Atherosclerosis, Enuresis, Gangrene
Occupational Health Occupational disease, Musculoskeletal Disorder, Asbestosis, Occupational stress, Injury, Occupational asthma, Ergonomics

Noteworthy individuals

Noted benefactors

  • Leon Black donated $10 million to create the Black Family Stem Cell Institute.[39]
  • Carl Icahn donated $25 million to Mount Sinai Medical Center for advanced medical research; a large building primarily devoted to research was renamed from the "East Building" to the "Icahn Medical Institute."[40] In 2012, Icahn pledged $200 million to the institution.[41] In exchange, the medical school was renamed the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the genomics institute led by Eric Schadt was renamed the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology.
  • Frederick Klingenstein, former CEO of Wertheim & Co., and wife Sharon Klingenstein donated $75 million, the largest single gift in the history of Mount Sinai, to establish an institute for scientific research and create a scholarship fund.[42]
  • Henry Kravis and wife Marie-Josée Kravis donated $15 million to establish the "Center for Cardiovascular Health" as well as funding a professorship.
  • Samuel A. Lewis, politician and philanthropist in the late 19th century
  • Hermann Merkin gave $2 million in dedication of the kosher kitchen at the hospital.
  • Derald Ruttenberg donated $7 million to establish the Ruttenberg Cancer Center at Mount Sinai and later contributed $8 million more.[43]
  • Martha Stewart donated $5 million to start the Martha Stewart Center for Living at Mount Sinai Hospital. The center promotes access to medical care and offers support to caregivers needing referrals or education.[44]
  • James Tisch and wife Merryl Tisch donated $40 million to establish The Tisch Cancer Institute, a state-of-the-art, patient-oriented comprehensive cancer care and research facility.[45]

Noted staff

  • Jacob M. Appel, bioethicist and liberal commentator[46]
  • Burrill Bernard Crohn, an American gastroenterologist and one of the first to describe the disease of which he is the namesake, Crohn's disease
  • Valentin Fuster, Director of Mount Sinai Heart, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, The Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, The Richard Gorlin, MD/Heart Research Foundation Professor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
  • Irving B. Goldman, first president of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1964
  • Jonathan L. Halperin, Director of Clinical Cardiology in the Zena and Michael A. Wierner Cardiovascular Institute
  • Michael Heidelberger, American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology
  • Abraham Jacobi, pediatrician and president of the American Medical Association
  • Blair Lewis, an American gastroenterologist who helped develop the American Gastroenterological Association's position statement on occult and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
  • Isidor Clinton Rubin, a gynecologist and infertility specialist
  • Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, worked as a staff physician at Mount Sinai after medical school[47]
  • Milton Sapirstein, clinical psychiatrist. Sought "to mesh the advances being made in neurobiology in the 1940's with psychoanalytic concepts."[48]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ U.S. News & World Report: America's Best Hospitals 2011-12 retrieved on July 19, 2011.
  2. ^ Mount Sinai School of Medicine: History retrieved on April 28, 2010.
  3. ^ "When the Jews congregated at Mount Sinai," Jerusalem Post.
  4. ^ a b c This House of Noble Deeds, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852 - 2002, Arthur H. Aufses, Jr. and Barbara J. Niss, New York University Press
  5. ^ Mount Sinai: Mount Sinai Hospital: History
  6. ^ The Chattanooga Civil War Round Table
  7. ^ The Civil War Dictionary
  8. ^ From Pack Peddler to International Banker: The Life and Times of Joseph Seligman
  9. ^ Answers.com – New York Draft Riots
  10. ^ FAQs.org – Abraham Jacobi Biography
  11. ^ Measuringworth.com
  12. ^ American Journal of Public Health, June 1943
  13. ^ Veterans' History Project: Interview with Isabelle Cook
  14. ^ U.S. News and World Report: America's Best Hospitals 2012-2013 Mount Sinai Medical Center retrieved July 17, 2012
  15. ^ New York Magazine: Best Hospitals 2006
  16. ^ New York Magazine: Best Doctors 2012
  17. ^ Mount Sinai in NYC is a HIMSS Davies Award Winner
  18. ^ The Mount Sinai Hospital Earns Highest Ratings In New York State Report on Coronary Angioplasty
  19. ^ The Scientist: Best Places to Work 2009
  20. ^ Mount Sinai Hospital Celebrates Redesignation of American Nurses Credentialing Center's Prestigious Magnet Award
  21. ^ Academy honors Mount Sinai Medical Center with Humanitarian Award retrieved March 12, 2010
  22. ^ Thomson Reuters
  23. ^ Mount Sinai Medical Center Named Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence
  24. ^ "Three Award Shows Honor DeVito/Verdi for Its Mount Sinai Hospital Advertising; Ad Agency Picks Up Precious Metals at Industry Creative Competitions" retrieved June 18, 2009
  25. ^ Davison, S; Spiera, H; Plotz, C. M. (1966). "Polymyalgia rheumatica". Arthritis and rheumatism. 9 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1002/art.1780090103. PMID 4952416.
  26. ^ a b c d Mount Sinai Firsts retrieved on April 26, 2010
  27. ^ New York Sun - Martha Stewart Center for Living Does a Mother Proud retrieved on April 24, 2008
  28. ^ TheScientist.com - Mount Sinai School of Medicine Serving Science and Society retrieved on April 24, 2008
  29. ^ New York Times - First Liver Transplant in New York Performed retrieved on April 24, 2008
  30. ^ American Society of Clinical Oncology retrieved on April 24, 2008
  31. ^ AllBusiness.com - An Interview with Dr. Edwin Kilbourne retrieved on April 24, 2008
  32. ^ John Francis Maher (1 January 1989). Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis: A Text Book of Dialysis. Springer. pp. 33–33. ISBN 978-0-89838-414-7.
  33. ^ Daily News - Jaw-Droppin' Op a Success Retrieved April 26, 2010
  34. ^ New York Times "Cardiogram Data Transmitted Here From West Coast"
  35. ^ [1] retrieved January 27, 2013.
  36. ^ [2] Mount Sinai Hospital
  37. ^ [3] Joint Commission for excellence in palliative care
  38. ^ [4] Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Center Certification
  39. ^ Mount Sinai School of Medicine establishes Stem Cell Institute
  40. ^ New York Times: Mount Sinai Gets $25 Million Gift
  41. ^ Nussbaum, Alex (2012-11-15). "Carl Icahn to Give $200 Million to Mount Sinai School". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2013-04-22.
  42. ^ New York Times: Financier Gives $75 Million To Mt. Sinai Medical School
  43. ^ New York Times: Derald H. Ruttenberg, 88, Quiet Deal Maker, Dies
  44. ^ USA TODAY: Senate panel calls on Martha Stewart
  45. ^ Mount Sinai: Dean's Quarterly
  46. ^ "Diversity in Suspense," The American Spectator, July 9, 2009
  47. ^ Jonas Salk Biography on Answers.com
  48. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (December 5, 1996). "Milton Sapirstein, 81, Professor And Researcher in Psychiatry". The New York Times.

Further reading

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