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Saskatchewan Highway 35

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Highway 35 marker Highway 35 marker
Highway 35
CanAm Highway (segment)
Route information
Maintained by Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure
& Transport Canada
Length573.1 km[1] (356.1 mi)
Major junctions
South end US 85, Canada–United States border near Fortuna, North Dakota
Major intersections Highway 48 Highway 48

Highway 39 Highway 39

Highway 13 Highway 13

Highway 33 Highway 33

Highway 1 near Qu'Appelle Highway 22 Highway 22

Highway 15 Highway 15

Highway 16

Highway 5 Highway 5

Highway 49 Highway 49

Highway 55 Highway 55
North endTorch River north of Tobin Lake
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceSaskatchewan
Rural municipalitiesSouris Valley, Lomond, Wellington, Francis, South Qu'Appelle, North Qu'Appelle, Lipton, Emerald, Elfros, Lakeview, Ponass Lake, Barrier Lake, Tisdale, Connaught, Torch River, Nipawin
Major citiesWeyburn
Highway system
← Highway 34→ Highway 36

Highway 35 is a paved undivided provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.[2] It runs from the US Border near Port of Oungre (where it meets United States Route 85) to a dead end near the north shore of Tobin Lake. Saskatchewan Highway 35 SK Hwy 35) is about 540 kilometres (340 mi) long. The CanAm Highway[3] comprises Saskatchewan Highways 35, SK Hwy 39, SK Hwy 6, SK Hwy 3, SK Hwy 2 and U.S. Route 85.[4] 46.5 miles (74.8 km) of SK Hwy 35 contribute to the CanAm Highway between Port of Oungre on the Canada United States border and Weyburn.[1] Mudslides, and spring flooding were huge road building and maintenance problems around Nipawin as well as along the southern portion of the route named the Greater Yellow Grass Marsh. Over 20 early dams were built until the problem was addressed with the Rafferty-Alameda Project on the Souris River and the construction of the Qu'Appelle River Dam which have helped to eliminate washed out roads and flooded communities. The highway through the homesteading community followed the Dominion Land Survey on the square until reaching the Saskatchewan River at Nipawin. The E.B. Campbell Dam built in 1963 created both Tobin Lake and Codette Lake followed by the bridge construction in 1974 which retired the ferry and basket crossing for traffic north of Nipawin and north of Tobin Lake.

Route description

SK Hwy 35 Between Fort Qu'Appelle and Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan

Highway 35 connects with the major Saskatchewan Highways SK Hwy 18, SK Hwy 39, SK Hwy 33, SK Hwy 38, SK Hwy 1, SK Hwy 22, SK Hwy 15, SK Hwy 16, SK Hwy 5, 3, and SK Hwy 55. The major communities of Weyburn, Fort Qu'Appelle, Wadena, Tisdale, and Nipawin are enroute. SK Hwy 35 has three distinct topographical areas when driving through Saskatchewan. The rolling moraines and valleys of the mixed grassland give way to aspen parkland. The aspen parkland encompasses both the Qu'Appelle River and the Quill Lakes saline water basin areas. The northern portion of the route is southern boreal forest which still features agricultural land with more heavily forested areas.

CanAm highway

The southern portion of SK Hwy 35 from the Canada – United States border to Weyburn forms the initial segment of the CanAm Highway. The terrain is mixed prairie featuring rolling moraines and valleys.[5] North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA super corridors are a concept of huge transportation corridors connecting Mexico, United States, and Canada. The CanAm highway was a concept begun in the 1920s.[6] This area has been subject to criticism as the entry way to Canada of this route.[7] "The CanAm matters so little to Saskatchewan highway planners that they've turned the most southern part of it within the province -- the Highway 35 link from Weyburn to the little U.S. border crossing at Oungre -- to gravel.[6] SK Hwy 35 achieved a dishonorable mention in the Canadian contest entitled 'Highways from Hell'.[8]

SK Hwy 35

"Brenda Bakken Lackey called Highway 35 an “embarrassment’’ and a hazard for truckers’ business since it was turned into a gravel roadway last year[2004]. 'When it rains, there is mud and when it is dry, there is flying dust and gravel,' she said. 'Truckers from my constituency tell me that the U.S. Customs officials say they are not going to put up with the mud that is coming across on the trucks. There is also concerns about grain seeds and weeds coming across in the mud on truck tires.'...Highway Minister Maynard Sonntag said. 'Highway No. 6 has a much higher traffic count, many more trucks in and out from the States than Highway No. 35 would have.’' "[9] "The projects on Highways 39 and 6 will help to improve traffic flow through these Canada/U.S. ports. 'Highways 6 and 39 are very important to Saskatchewan – serving as tourism links and major north-south trade corridors to the U.S.,' Sonntag said.[10] "Highway 35 from Wadena South is always an adventure. I have found my driving skills have improved immensely especially when it comes to emergency braking and werving to avoid the many areas of broken pavement. This past spring the Dept. of Highways could have saved thousands in signage costs if they only had put up warning signs where the road was smooth and unbroken."[11] The regional parks in this area are Nickle Lake, Mainprize, and Oungre Memorial as well as the Rafferty Reservoir.[12]

1897 Hudson’s Bay Company store in Fort Qu'Appelle

Weyburn is the only city on SK Hwy 35 and has been dubbed the Soo Line City due its connection with Chicago on the Soo Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway CPR.[13] The city of 9,433 [14] people is situated on SK Hwy 35, SK Hwy 39, and SK Hwy 13. [15] The small towns of Exon and Converge have been absorbed into the city of Weyburn today.[16] Weyburn is located astride the Williston geological Basin which contains oil deposits, and several wells operate in the vicinity.[15] Weyburn features roadside attractions of a large lighthouse water tower, wheat sheaves and prairie lily.[17]

Aspen parkland

Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Station Fort Qu'Appelle Saskatchewan

The Squirrel Hills are a topographical feature south of the Qu'Appelle River. The town of Qu'Appelle with a population over 600, had historic beginnings with fur trading posts in this area, and is located within the South Qu'appelle No. 157 rural municipality RM at the intersection of SK Hwy 35 with SK Hwy 1, the TransCanada.[14] Qu'Appelle was first named Troy, and was an administrative centre of the North West Territories before Saskatchewan was incorporated as a province.[18] The terrain changes from mixed prairie to aspen parkland and the frequency of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) bluffs increase.[5] Fort Qu'Appelle, with a population near 2,000, has a vibrant history being an early fur trading post south of Pasqua Lake and north of Fishing Lake, two of the Calling Lakes. Fort Qu'Appelle is located at the junction of SK Hwy 35, SK Hwy 10, SK Hwy 22, SK Hwy 727, SK Hwy 56, and SK Hwy 215.[19]

1897 Hudson’s Bay Company plaque in Fort Qu'Appelle

The 1897 Hudson’s Bay Company store, 1911 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway station, Fort Qu’Appelle Sanatorium (Fort San), and the Treaty 4 Governance Centre are all landmarks of this community.[20] A billboard and reconstructed Fort Qu'Appelle commemorate the history of the area where Treaty 4 was signed.[21] The population of Elfros has dropped from about 300 residents in 1955 to 110 in 2006.[14] It is located at the intersection of Hwy 16, the Yellowhead TransCanada. SK Hwy 35 traverses between the Little Touchwood Hills and Touchwood Hills area to the west and the Beaver Hills area on the east. Wadena at the SK Hwy 5 intersection hosts the Wadena & District Museum as well as the Jesmer & Milligan Marsh Projects Interpretative Center with information regarding the Quill Lakes International Shorebird Reserve.[22] Ponass Lake, Barrier Lake, Marean Lake, and Tobin Lake all feature resort areas, with the largest attraction in this area being the Greenwater Lake Provincial Park.[23]

Southern boreal forest

SK Hwy 35

The terrain which SK Hwy 35 travels through north of the Saskatchewan tree line is southern boreal forest marked by aspen combined with jackpine, tamarack and white spruce forested areas.[5] The traffic count at the intersection of Hwy 35 and Hwy 3 at Tisdale is 11,200 vehicles per day. Tisdale is located in the heart of an agricultural community and honours the farming community with a big roadside statue of a honey bee, the land of Rape and Honey.[24] The Nipawin Evergreen Golf Club has been rated amongst the top 100 golf courses of Canada. Nipawin is nestled between two created lakes, Tobin Lake and Codette Lake, hence its nickname "The Town on Two Lakes".[25] The François-Finlay Hydro Station created Codette Lake in 1986. [26] White Fox has honoured its namesake with a large white fox by the side of the road. The statue was built in 1995 as a "Welcome to the Village of White Fox, built by Families for Families, population 465".[27] North of White Fox is "Tobin Lake, located 275 kilometres northeast of Saskatoon. Created in 1963 by the damming of the Saskatchewan River, Tobin boasts more than 75,000 acres (300 km2) of sandy shoals, shallow bays and submerged timber."[28] The E.B. Campbell Dam can be accessed from the south east shore of Tobin Lake. SK Hwy 35 skirts along the north west shore of Tobin Lake, giving access to fishing locales from the highway access, such as Carrolls Cove Campground, Carol's Cove and Pruden's Point Resort, and Pruden's Point. Whereas, Scot's Landing is located on the Saskatchewan River.[29]

History

SK Hwy 35

The valleys of southern Saskatchewan have been subject to landslides. Most landslides occur in the Cretaceous shale formations many years ago following the receding of the continental ice sheet. In 1953, a rapid flow landslide destroyed a portion of SK Hwy 35 near Fort Qu'Appelle in the Echo Creek Valley. [30] Weyburn is situated near the upper delta of the 470 kilometres (290 mi) long Souris River. The Souris River continues southeast through North Dakota eventually meeting the Assiniboine River in Manitoba. [13] In the 19th century this area was known as an extension of the Greater Yellow Grass Marsh. "Extensive flood control programs have created reservoirs, parks and waterfowl centres along the Souris River."[15] Between 1988 to 1995, the Rafferty-Alameda Project was constructed to alleviate spring flooding problems created by the Souris River.[31]

Buildings along SK Hwy 35

The rural municipality of Indian Head No. 156 contained amongst its communities Fort Qu'Appelle and South Qu'Appelle in the late 19th century and early 20th century. One of the early problems was spring flooding from the neighboring Qu'Appelle river when it overflowed its banks washing out bridges. 21 dams were built in the pioneering days to help with the yearly flooding. The steel bridge built over the Qu'Appelle river at Blackwood Crossing eased problems of communication and commerce immensely. [32] The Qu'Appelle River Dam and the Gardiner Dam formed Lake Diefenbaker. The Qu'Appele River Dam is the origin of the Qu'Appelle River from whence it flows east to the confluence with the Assiniboine River in the province of Manitoba.[5] The Doghide / Leather River, and the Leather/Carrot River fork between Nipawin and Tisdale. These rivers have also contributed to spring flooding in the region. The historic Leather River Bridge is no longer being used but is an example of a steel truss bridge. [33]

The ferry was the first method of transport across the Saskatchewan River at Nipawin. A basket which was propelled above the river on wire could safely transport persons and mail across the river when travel was unsafe because of the ice break up. The CPR bridge opened to traffic in 1932, to be replaced by a steel bridge with concrete piers which was opened by the Saskatchewan Department of Highways in 1974. [34]

The highway runs south to north, and historically did not run on the square following both range and township surveyed road allowances, but rather was allowed to run straight and true along township roads for the most part. The road traveled parallel to the rail between Wadena and Nipawin.[35]

List major intersections

Rural municipalityLocationkm[1]miDestinationsNotes
Souris ValleyCanada – United States border00.0US 85Beginning terminus
Beginning CanAm Highway SK Hwy 35 segment
Oungre0.40.64 Entry Port customs
 9.815.8
 Highway 707Hwy 707
 16.326.2 Highway 18 Hwy 18
Tribune28.145.2
Lomond 46.474.7
 Highway 705 Hwy 705		near Colgate
cityWeyburn74.9120.5 Highway 39 Hwy 39 (Government Road North)End of SK Hwy 35 CanAm Hwy segment, beginning of Sk Hwy 39 CanAm Highway segment
76.0122.3 Highway 13 Hwy 13 (King Street North)8
Wellington 107.1172.4 Highway 306Hwy 306near Cedoux
FrancisFrancis124.4200.2 Highway 33Hwy 3310
  147.6237.5 Highway 48Hwy 48west of Vibank
South Qu'AppelleQu'Appelle172.5277.6Hwy 1 Trans Canada12
North Qu'Appelle 196315 Highway 10Hwy 10 westSouth end of concurrency with Hwy 10
Fort Qu'Appelle206.4332.2 Highway 10Hwy 10 east

Highway 22Hwy 22 east		North end of concurrency with Hwy 10 South end of concurrency with Hwy 22
LiptonLipton222.2357.6 Highway 22Hwy 22 westNorth end of concurrency with Hwy 22
 241.2388.2
 Highway 731 Hwy 731
Leross265.4427.1 Highway 15Hwy 15
Emerald 295.1474.9Highway 639Hwy 639
ElfrosElfros316.0508.6Hwy 16 Yellowhead
LakeviewWadena340.3547.7 Highway 22 Hwy 22
Hendon356.7574.1
 Highway 758 Hwy 758
Ponass Lake 363.5585.0 Highway 49 Hwy 49south of Fosston
Nora380.0611.6
 Highway 756Hwy 756 east		South end of concurrency
 385.0619.6
 Highway 756Hwy 756 west		North end of concurrency with SK Hwy 756
Barrier LakeArcherwill396.6638.3 Highway 349 Hwy 349 eastjust south of Archerwill, Saskatchewan. South end of concurrency with SK Hwy 349.
 410.4660.5 Highway 349 Hwy 349 westNorth end of concurrency with SK Hwy 349.
 428.5689.6
 Highway 773 Hwy 773		west of McKague
  438.5705.7
 Highway 776 Hwy 776
TisdaleTisdale455.3732.7 Highway 3 Hwy 3
Connaught 472.0759.6
 Highway 775 Hwy 775
Armley485.2780.9 Highway 335 Hwy 335
NipawinCodette504.8812.4
 Highway 789 Hwy 789
TownNipawin515.1829.0 Highway 55 Hwy 55 eastSouth end of concurrency with SK Hwy 55
Torch RiverWhite Fox527.1848.3 Highway 55 Hwy 55 westNorth end of concurrency with SK Hwy 55
  573.7923.3Ending Terminus North of Tobin Lake
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

  1. ^ a b c Microsoft Streets and Tips (Map) (2004 ed.). Microsoft Corp. § Route Planner. {{cite map}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ "TYPE ADMN_CLASS TOLL_RD RTE_NUM1 RTE_NUM2 ROUTE 1 Gravel ." Government of Canada. Retrieved 2008-02-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  4. ^ "Western Canada Group Travel Planner: Getting to Western Canada". 1999–2003. Retrieved 2008-02-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
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  6. ^ a b "'Super corridor' theories simply updated old idea". The StarPhoenix. August 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  11. ^ ""Building on Saskatchewan's Momentum"" (PDF). The Canadian Federation of Independent Business CFIB. 2004-03-03. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  13. ^ a b Weyburn Writer's Association (2006). "Hey, seeds!". Our Roots Nos Racines. University of Calgary, Université Laval. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  15. ^ a b c "Canadian Rural Partnership - Rural Development - Public - Private Partnerships in Rural and Northern Canada Study - Appendix C - List of Projects". Government of Canada. 2005-09-26. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  18. ^ Government of Saskatchewan. "Sask Biz Qu'Appelle". Retrieved 2007-08-12.
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  21. ^ Redekopp, Dale (1999 - 2006). "Praying Indian Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan". LARGE CANADIAN ROADSIDE ATTRACTIONS. Retrieved 2008-02-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^ Daniel, Calin (2010). "Ecotourism | Town of Wadena". Calin Daniel. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Check |authorlink= value (help); External link in |authorlink= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Government of Saskatchewan. "Tisdale" (Document). Sask Biz Government of Saskatchewan. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |accessdate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |work= ignored (help)
  24. ^ Yanciw, David (July 21, 2004). "Town of Tisdale, Saskatchewan". BIG THINGS IN ALBERTA / SASKATCHEWAN. Retrieved 2008-02-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ "v". Tobin Lake Crew - About Tobin. 1993 - 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ "The Francois Finlay Hydro Station". Nipawin.com - Attractions. Wapiti Valley CAP. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^ Yanciw, David (July 21, 2004). "Village of White Fox, Saskatchewan". BIG THINGS IN ALBERTA / SASKATCHEWAN. Retrieved 2008-02-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  28. ^ Gruenefeld, George. "OC Online - Hot Spots". Outdoor Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  29. ^ "Torch River No. 488". Community Profiles. Sask Biz Government of Saskatchewan. 2004. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  30. ^ Sauchyn, David (2006). "Landslides". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF REGINA. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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  32. ^ History of Indian Head and District Inc. (2006). "Indian Head : history of Indian Head and district". Our Roots Nos Racines. University of Calgary, Université Laval. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  33. ^ "Connaught No. 457". Community Profiles. Sask Biz Government of Saskatchewan. 2004. Retrieved 2008-04-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
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Extra reading

Title: Homestead to Heritage, Author Armley History Book Committee, Publisher Friesen Printers, 1987

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