1911 in science: Difference between revisions
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==Mathematics== |
==Mathematics== |
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* [[Robert Remak (mathematician)|Robert Remak]]'s doctoral dissertation ''Über die Zerlegung der endlichen Gruppen in indirekte unzerlegbare Faktoren'' establishes that any two decompositions of a [[finite group]] into a [[direct product]] are related by a central automorphism. |
* [[Robert Remak (mathematician)|Robert Remak]]'s doctoral dissertation ''Über die Zerlegung der endlichen Gruppen in indirekte unzerlegbare Faktoren'' establishes that any two decompositions of a [[finite group]] into a [[direct product]] are related by a central automorphism. |
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==Medicine== |
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* [[Eugen Bleuler]] expands on his definition of [[schizophrenia]] as a condition distinct from ''[[Dementia praecox]]'', in ''Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stotz-Ingenlath|first=Gabriele|title=Epistemological aspects of Eugen Bleuler's conception of schizophrenia in 1911|journal=Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy|volume=3|issue=2|pages=153–9|year=2000|pmid=11079343|url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=1386-7423&volume=3&page=153|format=PDF|doi=10.1023/A:1009919309015|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Eugen Bleuler|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html|work=[[Who Named It?|Whonamedit?]]|accessdate=2011-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Gregory Zilboorg|first=Gregory|last=Zilboorg|title=A History of Medical Psychology|location=New York|publisher-Norton|year=1941}}</ref> |
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== Meteorology == |
== Meteorology == |
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==Physics== |
==Physics== |
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* June 24–30 - [[Domenico Pacini]] runs a series of measurements of underwater ionization in the |
* June 24–30 - [[Domenico Pacini]] runs a series of measurements of underwater ionization in the [[Gulf of Genoa]], demonstrating that the radiation later recognised as [[cosmic rays]] cannot be originated by the Earth's crust. |
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* October - The first [[Solvay Conference|Solvay Congress]] of physicists convenes. |
* October - The first [[Solvay Conference|Solvay Congress]] of physicists convenes. |
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* [[Ernest Rutherford]] explains the [[Geiger-Marsden experiment]] and derives the Rutherford [[cross section (physics)|cross section]] by deducing the existence of a [[atom|compact atomic nucleus]] from [[Rutherford scattering|scattering experiments]]. He proposes the [[Rutherford model]] of the atom and demonstrates that [[J. J. Thomson]]'s [[plum pudding model]] was incorrect. |
* [[Ernest Rutherford]] explains the [[Geiger-Marsden experiment]] and derives the Rutherford [[cross section (physics)|cross section]] by deducing the existence of a [[atom|compact atomic nucleus]] from [[Rutherford scattering|scattering experiments]]. He proposes the [[Rutherford model]] of the atom and demonstrates that [[J. J. Thomson]]'s [[plum pudding model]] was incorrect. |
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Revision as of 09:18, 1 November 2011
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The year 1911 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Exploration
- December 14 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and a team of four, become the first people to reach the South Pole.
Mathematics
- Robert Remak's doctoral dissertation Über die Zerlegung der endlichen Gruppen in indirekte unzerlegbare Faktoren establishes that any two decompositions of a finite group into a direct product are related by a central automorphism.
Medicine
- Eugen Bleuler expands on his definition of schizophrenia as a condition distinct from Dementia praecox, in Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien.[1][2][3]
Meteorology
- June 28 - The Nakhla meteorite (from Mars) lands in the area of Alexandria, Egypt, purportedly killing a dog.[4]
Physics
- June 24–30 - Domenico Pacini runs a series of measurements of underwater ionization in the Gulf of Genoa, demonstrating that the radiation later recognised as cosmic rays cannot be originated by the Earth's crust.
- October - The first Solvay Congress of physicists convenes.
- Ernest Rutherford explains the Geiger-Marsden experiment and derives the Rutherford cross section by deducing the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments. He proposes the Rutherford model of the atom and demonstrates that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model was incorrect.
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers the phenonomena of superconductivity.
- Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.
Technology
- January 18 - Eugene Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania anchored in San Francisco Bay, the first aircraft landing on a ship.
- June 5 - Charles F. Kettering files a United States patent for an electric starter motor.[5]
- November 4 - MS Selandia, the first ocean-going diesel ship, is launched in Denmark.
Other events
- March–May - A serialized version of Frederick Winslow Taylor's monograph, The Principles of Scientific Management appears in The American Magazine, boosting the efficiency movement.
Awards
Births
- January 26 - Polykarp Kusch (d. 1993), German-born winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- February 14 - Willem Johan Kolff (d. 2009), Dutch inventor of hemodialysis.
- March 26 - Bernard Katz (d. 2003), German-born winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 3 - Michael Woodruff (d. 2001), British pioneer of organ transplant surgery.
- April 6 - Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (d. 1979), German winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 8 - Melvin Calvin (d. 1997), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- April 18 - Maurice Goldhaber (d. 2011), Austrian-born physicist.
- May 22 - Anatol Rapoport (d. 2007), Russian-born mathematical psychologist.
- June 13 - Luis Alvarez (d. 1988), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- June 25 - William Howard Stein (d. 1980), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- July 4 - Frederick Seitz (d. 2008), American solid-state physicist.
- July 9 - John A. Wheeler (d. 2008), American theoretical physicist.
- August 9 - William A. Fowler (d. 1995), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- October 5 - Pierre Dansereau, French Canadian ecologist.
- November 27 - Fe del Mundo (d. 2011), Filipino pediatrician and National Scientist of the Philippines.
- December 23 - Niels Kaj Jerne (d. 1994), English-born Danish winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Deaths
- January 17 - Sir Francis Galton (b. 1822), English explorer and biologist.
- March 1 - Jacobus van 't Hoff (b. 1852), Dutch chemist.
- May 24 - Ernst Remak (b. 1849), German neurologist.
- December 10 - Joseph Dalton Hooker (b. 1817), English botanist.
- December 13 (O.S. November 30) - Nikolay Beketov (b. 1827), Russian chemist.
References
- ^ Stotz-Ingenlath, Gabriele (2000). "Epistemological aspects of Eugen Bleuler's conception of schizophrenia in 1911" (PDF). Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. 3 (2): 153–9. doi:10.1023/A:1009919309015. PMID 11079343. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ "Eugen Bleuler". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ Zilboorg, Gregory (1941). A History of Medical Psychology. New York.
{{cite book}}: Text "publisher-Norton" ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "The Nakhla Meteorite". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ No. 1,150,523.