1911 in science
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The year 1911 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy and space science
- June 28 - The Nakhla meteorite (from Mars) lands in the area of Alexandria, Egypt, purportedly killing a dog.[1]
[edit] Exploration
- December 14 - Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and a team of four, become the first people to reach the South Pole.
[edit] Mathematics
- Robert Remak's doctoral dissertation Über die Zerlegung der endlichen Gruppen in indirekte unzerlegbare Faktoren establishes that any two decompositions of a finite group into a direct product are related by a central automorphism.
[edit] Medicine
- Eugen Bleuler expands on his definition of schizophrenia as a condition distinct from Dementia praecox, in Dementia Praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien.[2][3][4]
[edit] Physics
- June 24–30 - Domenico Pacini runs a series of measurements of underwater ionization in the Gulf of Genoa, demonstrating that the radiation later recognised as cosmic rays cannot be originated by the Earth's crust.
- October - The first Solvay Congress of physicists convenes.
- Ernest Rutherford explains the Geiger-Marsden experiment and derives the Rutherford cross section by deducing the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments. He proposes the Rutherford model of the atom and demonstrates that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model is incorrect.
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers the phenonomena of superconductivity.
- Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.
[edit] Technology
- January 18 - Eugene Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania anchored in San Francisco Bay, the first aircraft landing on a ship.
- June 5 - Charles F. Kettering files a United States patent for an electric starter motor.[5]
- November 4 - MS Selandia, the first ocean-going diesel ship, is launched in Denmark.
- John Joseph Rawlings files a United Kingdom patent for a wall plug.[6]
[edit] Other events
- March–May - A serialized version of Frederick Winslow Taylor's monograph, The Principles of Scientific Management appears in The American Magazine, boosting the efficiency movement.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 26 - Polykarp Kusch (died 1993), German-born winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- February 14 - Willem Johan Kolff (died 2009), Dutch inventor of hemodialysis.
- March 26 - Bernard Katz (died 2003), German-born winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 3 - Michael Woodruff (died 2001), English pioneer of organ transplant surgery.
- April 6 - Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (died 1979), German winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- April 8 - Melvin Calvin (died 1997), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- April 18 - Maurice Goldhaber (died 2011), Austrian-born physicist.
- May 22 - Anatol Rapoport (died 2007), Russian-born mathematical psychologist.
- June 13 - Luis Alvarez (died 1988), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- June 25 - William Howard Stein (died 1980), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- July 4 - Frederick Seitz (died 2008), American solid-state physicist.
- July 9 - John A. Wheeler (died 2008), American theoretical physicist.
- August 9 - William A. Fowler (died 1995), American winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- September 29 - R. V. Jones (died 1997), English physicist, expert in electronic military defence.
- October 5 - Pierre Dansereau, French Canadian ecologist.
- November 27 - Fe del Mundo (died 2011), Filipino pediatrician and National Scientist of the Philippines.
- December 23 - Niels Kaj Jerne (died 1994), English-born Danish winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
[edit] Deaths
- January 17 - Sir Francis Galton (born 1822), English explorer and biologist.
- March 1 - Jacobus van 't Hoff (born 1852), Dutch chemist.
- May 21 - Williamina Fleming (born 1857), American astronomer.
- May 24 - Ernst Remak (born 1849), German neurologist.
- December 10 - Joseph Dalton Hooker (born 1817), English botanist.
- December 13 (O.S. November 30) - Nikolay Beketov (born 1827), Russian chemist.
[edit] References
- ^ "The Nakhla Meteorite". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/nakhla.html. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ^ Stotz-Ingenlath, Gabriele (2000). "Epistemological aspects of Eugen Bleuler's conception of schizophrenia in 1911" (PDF). Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 3 (2): 153–9. doi:10.1023/A:1009919309015. PMID 11079343. http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=1386-7423&volume=3&page=153. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ "Eugen Bleuler". Whonamedit?. http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1294.html. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ Zilboorg, Gregory (1941). A History of Medical Psychology. New York: Norton.
- ^ No. 1,150,523.
- ^ "Rawlplug History". Rawlplug. 2007. http://www.rawlplug.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=3. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
