1908 in science
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The year 1908 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Archaeology
- A 40,000-year-old Neanderthal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France.
[edit] Astronomy
- June 30 [O.S. June 17] - Tunguska event in Siberia, an explosion believed to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of 5–10 kilometres (3–6 mi) above the Earth's surface.[1][2][3]
[edit] Chemistry
- Kikunae Ikeda discovers monosodium glutamate, the chemical behind the taste of umami.[4]
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes liquefies helium.
[edit] Genetics
- G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg independently formulate the Hardy–Weinberg principle which states that both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain in equilibrium unless disturbed.[5]
[edit] History of science
- Site of Ulugh Beg Observatory located in Samarkand by Russian archaeologist V. L. Vyatkin.
[edit] Mathematics
- Ernst Zermelo axiomizes set theory, thus avoiding Cantor's contradictions.
- Josip Plemelj solves the Riemann problem about the existence of a differential equation with a given monodromic group and uses Sokhotsky-Plemelj formulae.
- Student's t-distribution published by William Sealy Gosset (anonymously).[6]
[edit] Medicine
- Eugen Bleuler introduces the term schizophrenia.[7]
[edit] Physics
- Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford invent the Geiger counter.
- Gustav Mie publishes the Mie solution to Maxwell's equations on the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a sphere.[8]
[edit] Technology
- A long-distance radio message is sent from the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
- Henry Ford develops the assembly line method of automobile manufacturing and produces the first Model T automobile.
[edit] Awards
[edit] Births
- January 15 - Edward Teller (died 2003), Hungarian-born physicist, inventor of the hydrogen bomb.
- January 22 - Lev Davidovich Landau (died 1968), Russian physicist.
- February 11 - Vivian Fuchs (died 1999), English geologist and explorer.
- May 23 - John Bardeen (died 1991), American physicist, co-inventor of the transistor. Only physicist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics twice.
- September 2 - Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev (died 1983), Russian astronomer and astrophysicist.
- September 6 - Louis Essen (died 1997), English physicist, co-developer of the first practical atomic clock.
- October 10 - Min Chueh Chang (died 1991), Chinese-born embryologist.
- October 21 - Elsie Widdowson (died 2000), English nutritionist.
- November 4 - Józef Rotblat (died 2005), Polish-born physicist.
[edit] Deaths
- January 3 - Charles Augustus Young (born 1834), astronomer.
- August 25 - Henri Becquerel (born 1852), physicist.
[edit] References
- ^ Pasechnik, I. P. (1986). "Refinement of the moment of explosion of the Tunguska meteorite from the seismic data" (in Russian). Cosmic Matter and the Earth. Novosibirsk: Nauka. p. 66.
- ^ Farinella, P.; Foschini, L.; Froeschlé, Ch.; Gonczi, R.; Jopek, T. J.; Longo, G.; Michel, P. (2001). "Probable asteroidal origin of the Tunguska Cosmic Body". Astronomy & Astrophysics 377: 1081–1097. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011054. http://www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska/aah2886.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
- ^ Trayner, Chris (1994). "Perplexities of the Tunguska Meteorite". The Observatory 114: 227–231. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1994Obs...114..227T/0000227.000.html. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
- ^ "Kikunae Ikeda Sodium Glutamate". History of Industrial Property Rights. Japan Patent Office. 2002-10-07. http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/kikunae_ikeda.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ^ 'Student' (March 1908). "The probable error of a mean". Biometrika 6 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1093/biomet/6.1.1. http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/student.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
- ^ Kuhn, R. (2004). "Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology". History of Psychiatry 15: 361–6. doi:10.1177/0957154X04044603. PMID 15386868.
- ^ Mie, Gustav (1908). "Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen". Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) 25: 377–445. doi:10.1002/andp.19083300302. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19083300302/pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-17. English translation, American translation
