Bandwagon effect: Difference between revisions
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== In medicine == |
== In medicine == |
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Medical bandwagons have been identified as "the overwhelming acceptance of unproved but popular ideas". They have led to inappropriate therapies for numerous patients, and have impeded the development of more appropriate treatment. |
Medical bandwagons have been identified as "the overwhelming acceptance of unproved but popular ideas". They have led to inappropriate therapies for numerous patients, and have impeded the development of more appropriate treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paumgartten|first=Francisco José Roma|last2=Paumgartten|first2=Francisco José Roma|date=2016-10|title=Phosphoethanolamine: anticancer pill bandwagon effect|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-311X2016001007001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Cadernos de Saúde Pública|language=en|volume=32|issue=10|doi=10.1590/0102-311X00135316|issn=0102-311X}}</ref> |
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In Lawrence Cohen and Henry Rothschild's exposition ''The Bandwagons of Medicine'' (1979) several of these therapeutic misadventures, some of which persisted for centuries before they were abandoned, substituted by another bandwagon, or replaced by a scientifically valid alternative.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cohen|first1=L|last2=Rothschild|first2=H|title=The bandwagons of medicine|journal=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine|date=1979|volume=22|issue=4|pages=531–8|pmid=226929|doi=10.1353/pbm.1979.0037}}</ref> The ancient serpent cult of [[Aesculapius]], in which sacred snakes licked the afflicted as treatment of their diseases, is an example of a bandwagon gathering momentum based on a strong personality, in this case a Roman god.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S1091-255X(02)00054-9|pmid=12504215|title=The Bandwagon Effect|journal=Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery|volume=6|issue=6|pages=787–794|year=2002|last1=Rikkers|first1=L|s2cid=24723738}}</ref> |
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== In sports == |
== In sports == |
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Revision as of 10:18, 30 October 2020
The bandwagon effect is the tendency of an individual to acquire a particular style, behaviour or attitude because everyone else is doing it.[1] It is a phenomenon whereby the rate of uptake of beliefs, ideas, fads and trends increases with respect to the proportion of others who have already done so.[2] As more people come to believe in something, others also "hop on the bandwagon" regardless of the underlying evidence.
The tendency to follow the actions or beliefs of others can occur because individuals directly prefer to conform, or because individuals derive information from others. An example of this is fashion trends where the increasing popularity of a product or phenomenon encourages more people to "get on the bandwagon", too.[3]
When individuals make rational choices based on the information they receive from others, economists have proposed that information cascades can quickly form in which people decide to ignore their personal information signals and follow the behaviour of others.[4] Cascades explain why behaviour is fragile—people understand that they are based on very limited information. As a result, fads form easily but are also easily dislodged. Such informational effects have been used to explain political bandwagons.[5]
Origin
The definition of a bandwagon is a wagon which carries a band during the course of a parade, circus or other entertainment event.[6] The phrase "jump on the bandwagon" first appeared in American politics in 1848 when Dan Rice, a famous and popular circus clown of the time, used his bandwagon and its music to gain attention for his political campaign appearances. As his campaign became more successful, other politicians strove for a seat on the bandwagon, hoping to be associated with his success. Later, during the time of William Jennings Bryan's 1900 presidential campaign, bandwagons had become standard in campaigns,[7] and the phrase "jump on the bandwagon" was used as a derogatory term, implying that people were associating themselves with success without considering that with which they associated themselves.
In politics
 | The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (August 2013) |
The bandwagon effect occurs in voting:[8] some people vote for those candidates or parties who are likely to succeed (or are proclaimed as such by the media), hoping to be on the "winner's side" in the end.[9] The bandwagon effect has been applied to situations involving majority opinion, such as political outcomes, where people alter their opinions to the majority view.[10] Such a shift in opinion can occur because individuals draw inferences from the decisions of others, as in an informational cascade.[11]
In microeconomics
In microeconomics, bandwagon effects may play out in interactions of demand and preference.[12] The bandwagon effect arises when people's preference for a commodity increases as the number of people buying it increases. This interaction potentially disturbs the normal results of the theory of supply and demand, which assumes that consumers make buying decisions solely based on price and their own personal preference.
In medicine
Medical bandwagons have been identified as "the overwhelming acceptance of unproved but popular ideas". They have led to inappropriate therapies for numerous patients, and have impeded the development of more appropriate treatment.[13]
In sports
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One who supports a particular sports team, despite having shown no interest in that team until it started gaining success, can be considered a "bandwagon fan". One recent example in the United States is the Golden State Warriors, who rose to prominence by winning the 2015 NBA Finals, followed by a record-breaking 73–9 record the following year.[14] Consequently, sales of point guard Stephen Curry's jersey skyrocketed. Curry merchandise sales in the first two weeks of the 2015–2016 season were 453% higher than in the first two weeks of the 2014–2015 season, including a 581% increase in sales of his jersey; his merchandise was a top-seller in 38 of the 50 U.S. states, and the Warriors' merchandise became the best-selling of any NBA team.[15]
See also
References
- ^ Investopedia Staff (2019-07-08). "Bandwagon Effect". Investopedia. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Colman, Andrew (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-19-280632-7.
- ^ D. Stephen Long; Nancy Ruth Fox (2007). Calculated Futures: Theology, Ethics, and Economics. Baylor University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-60258-014-5. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ Bikhchandani, Sushil; Hirshleifer, David; Welch, Ivo (1992). "A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades" (PDF). Journal of Political Economy. 100 (5): 992–1026. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.728.4791. doi:10.1086/261849. JSTOR 2138632. S2CID 7784814.
- ^ Lohmann, S. (1994). "The Dynamics of Informational Cascades: The Monday Demonstrations in Leipzig, East Germany, 1989-91". World Politics. 47 (1): 42–101. doi:10.2307/2950679. JSTOR 2950679.
- ^ "Bandwagon". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ^ "Bandwagon Effect". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ^ Nadeau, Richard; Cloutier, Edouard; Guay, J.-H. (1993). "New Evidence About the Existence of a Bandwagon Effect in the Opinion Formation Process". International Political Science Review. 14 (2): 203–213. doi:10.1177/019251219301400204. S2CID 154688571.
- ^ Henshel, Richard L.; Johnston, William (1987). "The Emergence of Bandwagon Effects: A Theory". The Sociological Quarterly. 28 (4): 493–511. ISSN 0038-0253.
- ^ McAllister & Studlar 1991.
- ^ "Beware of the bandwagon effect, other cognitive biases". dumaguetemetropost.com. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
- ^ Leibenstein, Harvey (1950). "Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers' Demand". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 64 (2): 183–207. doi:10.2307/1882692. JSTOR 1882692.
- ^ Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma; Paumgartten, Francisco José Roma (2016-10). "Phosphoethanolamine: anticancer pill bandwagon effect". Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 32 (10). doi:10.1590/0102-311X00135316. ISSN 0102-311X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "NBA Preseason Season Conference Standings - National Basketball Association". Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ Badenhausen, Kurt. "Steph Curry Jersey Sales Up Nearly 600% Over Last Year". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-05-17.
Bibliography
- Goidel, Robert K.; Shields, Todd G. (1994). "The Vanishing Marginals, the Bandwagon, and the Mass Media". The Journal of Politics. 56 (3): 802–810. doi:10.2307/2132194. JSTOR 2132194.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McAllister, Ian; Studlar, Donley T. (1991). "Bandwagon, Underdog, or Projection? Opinion Polls and Electoral Choice in Britain, 1979-1987". The Journal of Politics. 53 (3): 720–740. doi:10.2307/2131577. JSTOR 2131577.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mehrabian, Albert (1998). "Effects of Poll Reports on Voter Preferences". Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 28 (23): 2119–2130. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01363.x.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Morwitz, Vicki G.; Pluzinski, Carol (1996). "Do Polls Reflect Opinions or Do Opinions Reflect Polls?". Journal of Consumer Research. 23 (1): 53–65. doi:10.1086/209466. JSTOR 2489665.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)