1844 in science
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The year 1844 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
[edit] Astronomy
- Friedrich Bessel explains the wobbling motions of Sirius and Procyon by suggesting that these stars have dark companions.
[edit] Biology
- August 1 - Opening of Berlin Zoological Garden.[1]
- Gabriel Gustav Valentin notes the digestive activity of pancreatic juice.
- George Robert Gray begins publication in London of The Genera of Birds.
- Joseph Dalton Hooker begins publication of The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror ... 1839–1843 in London.[2]
[edit] Chemistry
- Karl Klaus discovers ruthenium.
[edit] Earth sciences
- Robert Chambers publishes Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (anonymously).
[edit] Mathematics
- Joseph Liouville finds the first transcendental number
- Hermann Grassmann studies vectors with more than three dimensions.
[edit] Metrology
- Joseph Whitworth introduces the thou.[3]
[edit] Physics
- William Robert Grove publishes The Correlation of Physical Forces, the first comprehensive account of the conservation of energy.
[edit] Technology
- January 30 - Charles Goodyear patents the vulcanisation of rubber in the United States.
- May 11 - Samuel Morse sends the first message using Morse code.
- Uriah A. Boyden develops an improved outward-flow water turbine.
- Robert Bunsen invents the grease-spot photometer.
- Thomas and Caleb Pratt design the Pratt truss bridge.
- William Fox Talbot publishes the first photographic book, The Pencil of Nature.
- Dublin iron-founder Richard Turner begins assembing components for the Palm house at Kew Gardens in London, the first large-scale structural use of wrought iron.
[edit] Awards
- Copley Medal: Carlo Matteucci.
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: William Conybeare.
[edit] Births
- February 1 - G. Stanley Hall (d. 1924), American psychologist.
- February 7 - Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko (d. 1873), Russian naturalist.
- March 25 - Adolf Engler (d. 1930), German botanist.
- April 20 - Ludwig Boltzmann (d. 1906), Austrian physicist famous for the invention of statistical mechanics.
- June 10 - Carl Hagenbeck (d. 1913), German zoologist.
- August 6 - James Henry Greathead (d. 1896), South African-born English civil engineer.
- August 13 - Friedrich Miescher (d. 1895), Swiss biologist.
- August 22 - George W. DeLong (d. 1881), American Arctic explorer.
- September 11 - Henry Alleyne Nicholson (d. 1899), English paleontologist and zoologist.
- October 3 - Patrick Manson (d. 1922), Scottish parasitologist, the "father of tropical medicine" .
- November 25 - Karl Benz (d. 1929), German automotive engineer.
[edit] Deaths
- June 19 - Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (b. 1772), French naturalist.
- July 27 - John Dalton (b. 1766), English chemist and physicist.
- August 30 - Francis Baily (b. 1774), English astronomer.
- December 28 - Thomas Henderson (b. 1798), Scottish astronomer.
[edit] References
- ^ "Zoologischer Garten Berlin". zoo-infos.de. Zoo-Infos.de. http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/41.html. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- ^ Sampson, F. Bruce (1985). "Botany of the Antarctic Voyage". Early New Zealand Botanical Art. Auckland: Reed Methuen. p. 76. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-SamEarl-t1-body1-d5-d5-d5.html. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
- ^ Edkins, Jo. "Small units". Imperial Measures of Length. Jo Edkins. http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/units/length.htm#small. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
