Albert Fert

Albert Fert
Paris Descartes University 2009, Paris
Born	7 March 1938 (1938-03-07) Carcassonne, France
Residence	Paris, France
Nationality	France
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Université Paris-Sud, Michigan State University
Alma mater	École normale supérieure
Doctoral advisor	I. A. Campbell
Known for	Giant magnetoresistive effect
Notable awards	Wolf Prize in Physics (2006) Japan Prize (2007) Nobel Prize in Physics (2007)

Albert (Bert) Fert (born 7 March 1938 in Carcassonne, Aude) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks. He is currently an emeritus professor at Université Paris-Sud in Orsay and scientific director of a joint laboratory ('Unité mixte de recherche') between the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre) and Thales Group. Also, he is an Adjunct professor of physics at Michigan State University. He was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Peter Grünberg.

Biography

Fert graduated in 1962 from the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He received his master's degree in 1963 at the University of Paris, and earned his PhD in 1970 at the Université Paris-Sud.

In 1988 Fert discovered the Giant magnetoresistance effect (GMR) in multilayers of iron and chromium which is recognized as the birth of spintronics; GMR was simultaneously and independently discovered by Peter Grünberg from the Jülich Research Centre. Since 1988, Albert Fert has made contributions to the field of spintronics.

Honors and awards

• American Physical Society International Prize for New Materials (1994)
• Grand prix de physique Jean Ricard of the French Physical Society (1994)
• International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award (1994)
• Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize (1997)
• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Gold Medal (2003)
• Wolf Prize in Physics (2006)
• Japan Prize (2007)
• Elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 2004
• Nobel Prize in Physics (2007)

Bibliography

• Fert, Albert (2006). "Summary of Symposium D on "Magnetoelectronics"". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 423 (1): 147. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.03.070. http://www.elsevier.com/framework_aboutus/pdfs/Summary_of_Symposium_D.pdf. 
• Fert, Albert; Shang-Fan, Lee (1996). "Theory of the Bipolar Spin Switch". Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 53 (10): 6554. Bibcode 1996PhRvB..53.6554F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.53.6554. 
• Fert Albert, Duvail JL, Valet T (1995). "Spin Relaxation Effects in the Perpendicular Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Multilayers". Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 52 (9): 6513. Bibcode 1995PhRvB..52.6513F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.52.6513. PMID 9981880. 
• Fert Albert, George Jean-Marie, Jaffrès Henri, Mattana Richard, Seneor Pierre (2003). "The New Era of Spintronics". Europhysics News 34 (6): 227. Bibcode 2003ENews..34..227F. doi:10.1051/epn:2003609. 
• Hueso, Luis E; Pruneda, Jose M; Ferrari, Valeria; Burnell, Gavin; Valdes-Herrera, Jose P; Simons, Benjamin D; Littlewood, Peter B; Artacho, Emilio et al (2007). "Transformation of Spin Information into Large Electrical Signals Using Carbon Nanotubes". Nature 445 (7126): 410. Bibcode 2007Natur.445..410H. doi:10.1038/nature05507. PMID 17251975. 
• Fert Albert, Duvail Jean-Luc, Henri Tierry (2006). "Supersymmetric Spin Information is Contained in Large Spinning Carbon Nanotubes". Europhysics Lett. 80 (3): 117. 
• Levy, Peter M; Fert, Albert (2006). "Spin Transfer in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Hot Electrons". Physical Review Letters 97 (9): 97205. Bibcode 2006PhRvL..97i7205L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.097205. PMID 17026398. 

References

• "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007". Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2007-10-09. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/press.html. 
• Fert, Albert; et al. (November 1988). "Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices". Physical Review Letters 61 (21): 2472–2475. Bibcode 1988PhRvL..61.2472B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472. PMID 10039127. 

External links

• Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales official website