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Not to be confused with Labor Left.

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The British left is a range of political parties and movements in the United Kingdom. These can take the position of either centre-left, left-wing, or far-left.

The largest political party associated with the British Left is the Labour Party, which is also the biggest political party in the UK by membership levels, with 415,000 members as of July 2022.[1] Labour has 199 seats in the House of Commons (not including two MPs elected as Labour who as of 2021 have their whip withdrawn), and has been the Official Opposition since May 2010. The current Leader of the Labour Party is Keir Starmer, who was first elected on 4 April 2020.

The second largest party on the British left, by membership, is the centre-left Scottish National Party (SNP), which has over 125,000 members despite only being active in Scotland.[2] The third largest party on the British left is the Green Party of England and Wales, whose membership reached 50,000 in September 2019.[3] The party has one Member of Parliament, Caroline Lucas, who was first elected as the MP for Brighton Pavilion at the 2010 general election. She was also Leader of the party from 2008–2012 and then co-leader with Jonathan Bartley from 2016–2018.

The other three political parties on the left and with representation in parliament are the centre-left Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) of Northern Ireland; the centre-left Plaid Cymru (who are only active in Wales) and Sinn Féin, also from Northern Ireland. The SNP has 45 MPs, Plaid has three MPs, the SDLP have two MPs, and Sinn Féin has seven, but the latter party does not sit in Westminster as it refuses to take the parliamentary Oath of Allegiance. In total the British left therefore have 252 out of 650 MPs.

History

Main article: History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

Active in Britain

Labour Party

Main article: Labour Party (UK)
Labour Party individual membership, excluding affiliated members and supporters

The biggest party on the left in the UK in terms of members and representation is the Labour Party, which was founded as the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) in 1900. With the party's rebranding as "New Labour" in the 1990s under the leadership of Tony Blair, the party accepted a number of economic policies associated with the right causing it to be identified as centrist rather than socialist, and was no longer considered as being a party of the left;[4][5] Blair himself described New Labour's ideology as "Third Way", like Bill Clinton's Democratic Party in the United States. The Labour Party under Blair's leadership accepted many of the neoliberal economic policies enforced by the previous Conservative governments.

When Ed Miliband was elected as Leader of the Labour Party in 2010, he announced the abandonment of the New Labour agenda, and promised to return to socialism,[6] clamp down on tax avoidance, introduce a wealth tax in the form of a Mansion Tax, raise income tax for high earners and break up the banks.[7] The party was subsequently criticised by some, including Tony Blair himself; as straying leftwards from the "centre ground" of British politics,[8] and that Miliband was a "traditional left-wing" politician.[9] However, others disputed this view, and put Labour's loss at the 2015 general election down to the party being too right-wing.[10][11]

The unexpected landslide victory of Jeremy Corbyn at the subsequent Labour Party leadership election in September 2015[12] represented a revival of the Labour left-wing and led to a huge increase in membership;[13] in the Cabinet reshuffle that followed, John McDonnell (chairman of the Labour Representation Committee) and Diane Abbott (member of the Socialist Campaign Group) were both appointed to the Shadow Cabinet.[14] While not winning, Labour made modest improvements at the 2017 general election[15][16] which was taken as a vindication by some of the left turn.[17][18] The party fell in the 2019 general election to its lowest share of seats since 1935, although many believe this was due to a complicated manifesto and Brexit policy, a poor approach to campaigning and the unpopularity of Corbyn.[19][20][21]

Labour's status as a socialist party has been disputed by those who do not see the party as being part of the left,[22][23][24] although the general consensus is that Labour are a left-wing political party.[25][26]

Internal groups

Magazine support

Green Party of England and Wales

In 2015, the membership of the Green Party quadrupled, and its support in national opinion polls sextupled.[27] Several factors contributed, including the collapse of the Lib Dem vote, the influence of social media and greater awareness among younger people about the rise of other left-wing parties in Europe such as: Podemos in Spain and Syriza in Greece, as well as a rise in anti-austerity movements across the UK and Europe.[28] Other factors included the Scottish independence referendum, which proved to be an inspiration for a new kind of politics. Other key factors had been the contrast in conferences of the Green Party and Labour in September 2014, and the media exclusion of the Greens during and following their successes at the European elections; a petition against the media blackout of the Green Party reached 260,000 signatures.[29]

The party also received a significant spike in membership during January 2015 following David Cameron's demand that the Greens be included in the leaders' debates for the 2015 general election. The Green Party has been included in a seven-way television debate.[30] The Greens' 2015 spring conference had a record 1,300 members attend; the party became the second-largest of the European Greens in this period, as well as increasing significantly in national polls from an average 1% to 7%. It beat the Liberal Democrats to fourth place at the 2014 European Elections with 8%, under a proportional voting system, having a third MEP elected. However the Greens achieved only a 1.6% vote share at the 2017 general election,[31] following a rejection by Labour of an election pact[32] and an increase in vote share by the two major parties.

In the 2019 general election, the Green Party increased their vote share by 65% to 2.7%.[33] In the 2021 local elections the party made a net gain of 91 council seats, taking its national total to a record 444.[34]

The status of the Greens as a party of the left has, along with Labour, been disputed.[35][36][37]

Internal groups

Other organisations

The now defunct Respect Party (formed in 2004), which at one point had the support of other left groups (such as the Socialist Workers Party and Socialist Resistance) and some electoral success, lost its last local councillors in 2014[38] and its sole MP George Galloway - who was also the party leader. Respect disbanded after twelve years, on 18 August 2016.[39]

The Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition (TUSC), founded in 2010, comprises the Socialist Party, Socialist Workers Party and RMT trade union. As of 2016, TUSC had a small number of affiliated local councillors. Following the 2015 election of Jeremy Corbyn as Labour leader, TUSC floated plans for a future electoral pact with any Labour councillors standing on an anti-austerity platform;[40] subsequently TUSC stood fewer candidates in the 2016 and 2017 local elections, based on a case by case reckoning of the political stance of local Labour candidates.[41] In May 2017, TUSC confirmed that it would stand no candidates at the forthcoming general election,[41] and give full support to Labour.[42] In 2018, TUSC suspended electoral activity until further notice.[43] In September 2020, TUSC became active once again as its steering committee agreed it would stand candidates in the local elections in May 2021.[44]

A new party, Left Unity, was formed in November 2013 and backed by a number of existing left-wing parties. Left Unity had an electoral pact with TUSC for the 2015 elections[45] but has since renounced independent electoral activity in favour of Labour.[46]

The Communist Party of Britain (CPB), is a split from (and effectively the political successor to) the historical Communist Party of Great Britain, once the largest British far-left organisation.[47] In 2017, the CPB announced that it would field no candidates at that year's general election, and give support to Labour instead.[48]

Some small left and far-left parties continue to contest elections independently, such as the Socialist Party of Great Britain (the oldest extant left-wing political party, having formed in 1904). Other parties and groups are electorally inactive, renounce participation in elections,[49][50][51] or work unofficially in support of, or advocate a vote for, the Labour Party.

Electorally active parties

Entryist groups within Labour Party
Further information: Entryism
Parties working within TUSC
Further information: Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition
Others

Active only in Scotland

Deregistered or dissolved

Active only in Wales

Local parties

Media

Main article: List of left-wing publications in the United Kingdom

Media and publications affiliated to organisations

Unaffiliated

See also

References

  1. ^ Fisher, Andrew [@FisherAndrew79] (21 July 2022). "It was reported to the Labour NEC on Tuesday that membership had fallen to 415,000, including 33,000 members in arrears (e.g. ineligible to vote but may renew), so 382k paid-up members
    Membership was reported to be 570,000 in July 2020. That's a huge loss of members and revenue"     (Tweet). Retrieved 10 August 2022 – via Twitter.
  2. ^ McDonald, Karl (3 September 2018). "The SNP overtake the Tories to become Britain's second biggest party". i. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  3. ^ Jarvis, Chris (6 February 2020). "BREAKING: Green Party membership hits 50,000". www.bright-green.org. Bright Green. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Labour, Neoliberalism and the Future". 6 July 2013.
  5. ^ Hain, Peter (5 January 2015). "A smaller state? It's what got us into trouble to begin with". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Ed Miliband: I'm bringing socialism back to Britain", The Daily Telegraph, September 2013.
  7. ^ "Labour will restore 50p top rate of income tax, says Ed Balls", The Guardian, January 2014
  8. ^ "Tony Blair says Labour 'left-wing' warning 'misinterpreted'". BBC News. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Blair claims 'left-wing' comments about Miliband were 'misinterpreted'". ITV News. 31 December 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  10. ^ Stanley, Tim (15 May 2015). "Labour didn't lose because it was too Left-wing. But it will lose again if it becomes too Right-wing". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  11. ^ Wintour, Patrick (13 May 2015). "Labour did not lose election because it was too leftwing, says Unite chief". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  12. ^ ToHelm (13 September 2015). "Corbyn hails huge mandate as he sets out leftwing agenda". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  13. ^ "Labour claim membership surge after Corbyn election". Channel 4 News. 13 September 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Jeremy Corbyn unveils 'unifying' shadow cabinet team". BBC News. 14 September 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  15. ^ Agerholm, Harriet; Dore, Louis (9 June 2017). "Jeremy Corbyn increased Labour's vote share more than any leader since 1945". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017.
  16. ^ Pickard, Jim (8 June 2017). "Jeremy Corbyn confounds critics with 'gobsmacking' gain". Financial Times.
  17. ^ Younge, Gary (10 June 2017). "Despite all the smears and distortions, this was a victory for hope - Gary Younge". The Guardian.
  18. ^ Weigel, David (9 June 2017). "American left sees hope in Britain's socialist surge". The Washington Post.
  19. ^ Helm, Toby (14 December 2019). "I take my share of responsibility for this defeat, says Jeremy Corbyn" – via www.theguardian.com.
  20. ^ Proctor, Kate (13 December 2019). "Five reasons why Labour lost the election" – via www.theguardian.com.
  21. ^ Proctor, Kate; Murray, Jessica (27 January 2020). "Labour defeat due to gimmicks and division, say members" – via www.theguardian.com.
  22. ^ Singh, Amit (8 May 2015). "The most embarrassing part of the election? Seeing people mistake Labour for a left-wing party". The Independent. London.
  23. ^ "Socialist Party :: Labour conference - no socialist policies". socialistparty.org.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  24. ^ "The Labour Party and socialism". Socialist Worker (Britain). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  25. ^ "The uphill battle for left wing Labour". Opinium. 15 September 2015.
  26. ^ "9 charts that show the 'left-wing' policies of Jeremy Corbyn the public actually agrees with". The Independent. 23 July 2015.
  27. ^ Ramsay, Adam (6 March 2015). "Today, Natalie Bennett must deliver the speech of her life". New Statesman. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  28. ^ See: list of political parties in the United Kingdom opposed to austerity.
  29. ^ ""Invite the Greens" petition handed in to the BBC". Green Party of England and Wales. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  30. ^ "Election 2015: Seven-party TV debate plan announced". BBC News. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  31. ^ "Results of the 2017 General Election". BBC News. 9 June 2017.
  32. ^ Walker, Peter; Elgot, Jessica (19 April 2017). "Labour and Lib Dems reject Greens' call for electoral pact against Tories". The Guardian.
  33. ^ Benson, Imogen (13 December 2019). "2019 general election: Greens increase vote share by 60 per cent". Green World.
  34. ^ Harvey, Fiona (16 May 2021). "Green party co-leader tells Keir Starmer: My door is open for talks". The Guardian.
  35. ^ Walker, Tom (22 March 2013). "Just how left wing is the Green Party?". leftunity.org. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  36. ^ Moore, Suzanne (28 January 2015). "Forget the Greens – if the UK wants a truly leftwing party, it might have to grow its own". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  37. ^ Miller, Toby (14 April 2015). "The Greens are not a real party of the left – here's why". The Conversation. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  38. ^ Pidd, Helen (23 May 2014). "Labour gains control of Bradford as Respect fail". The Guardian.
  39. ^ Pidd, Helen (28 October 2013). "Who is the leader of the Respect party these days?". The Guardian.
  40. ^ Ian Silvera (14 September 2015). "Far-left TUSC seeks anti-austerity electoral pact with Jeremy Corbyn's Labour". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  41. ^ a b "Local elections 2017: The TUSC results" (PDF). tusc.org.uk. 7 May 2017.
  42. ^ "TUSC CONFIRMS NO CANDIDATES IN JUNE AND FULL SUPPORT FOR A CORBYN LED GOVERNMENT WITH SOCIALIST POLICIES". www.tusc.org.uk.
  43. ^ "TUSC SUSPENDS ELECTORAL ACTIVITY NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE STATEMENT". www.tusc.org.uk.
  44. ^ "Back at work! TUSC to stand in elections again against pro-austerity politicians". www.tusc.org.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  45. ^ Hill, Dave. "On relations between Left Unity and TUSC". Left Unity. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  46. ^ "General election: Left Unity calls for a Labour victory - Left Unity". leftunity.org.
  47. ^ Wheeler, Brian (13 June 2012). "What happened to the Communist Party of Great Britain's millions?". BBC News.
  48. ^ Smith, Mikey (24 April 2017). "Communist Party backs Corbyn and won't stand any candidates in the election". Daily Mirror.
  49. ^ FRFI. "General election: Don't vote – fight for socialism!".
  50. ^ "The General Election – More Ruling Class Mystification". Leftcom. 13 May 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
  51. ^ "The ballot box won't give us a voice, collective action will!" (PDF). www.union-communiste.org. 2017.
  52. ^ a b c Somerville, Ewan (28 November 2019). "Every candidate standing in London constituencies this election". Evening Standard.
  53. ^ "Chesham & Amersham by-election: Candidates announced". BBC News. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  54. ^ Wagner, Veronika (20 November 2019). "US health corporations are already embedded in the NHS. The question is how to get them out". Bright Green. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  55. ^ Payne, Mark (12 November 2019). "'I'll be a voice for change': The former Hartlepool councillor now standing to be the town's MP". Hartlepool Mail.
  56. ^ "Editorial: Towards a general election". Socialist Party of Great Britain. November 2019.
  57. ^ "VOTE WRP ON DECEMBER 12! BREAK WITH THE EU! FORWARD TO A WORKERS GOVERNMENT AND SOCIALISM! WRP 2019 Election Manifesto". 5 November 2019.
  58. ^ Barberis, P. et al. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century. A&C Black, 2000, p161
  59. ^ "TUSC STEERING COMMITTEE AGREES CANDIDATES FOR MAYS COUNCIL ELECTIONS". www.tusc.org.uk.
  60. ^ "Why we are relaunching Workers Power". workerspower.uk.
  61. ^ "Workers Revolutionary Party". wrp.org.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  62. ^ "Sanctions will not solve conflict in Ukraine" (PDF). www.newworker.org.
  63. ^ scottishsocialistvoice.wordpress.com
  64. ^ "Tories split - strike now! - The Socialist 23 March 2016". socialistparty.org.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  65. ^ "Socialist Appeal - The International Marxist Tendency". Socialist Appeal. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  66. ^ "Socialist Resistance". Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  67. ^ "Socialist Standard". worldsocialism.org. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  68. ^ "Socialist Studies". www.socialiststudies.org.uk.
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  70. ^ "Workers' Liberty". Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  71. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  72. ^ "World Socialist Web Site". wsws.org. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
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